Objective Applying diffusion weighted image (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to analyze brain injury caused by hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in term neonates.Methods From June 1,2010 to January 5,2011,thirty-eight full term neonates with HIE were hospitalized in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University.Those with nervous system diseases were excluded.The 38 cases were divided to mild HIE group (n=24) and moderate-to-severe HIE group (n=14).The control group included 10 normal full term neonates without history of asphyxia.All babies were scanned by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Spin echo-echo planar imaging sequence was used for DWI images.ADC values of nine regions (frontal lobe gray matter,frontal white matter,parietal gray matter,parietal white matter,corona radiata,caudate nucleus,putamen,posterior limb of the internal capsule and thalamus) were measured.MRI and DWI images were compared.ADC values were compared by analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls test.Results ADC values of the nine indicated regions (frontal lobe gray matter,frontal white matter,parietal gray matter,parietal white matter,corona radiata,caudate nucleus,putamen,posterior limb of the internal capsule and thalamus) were (1.37±0.07),(1.81±0.12),(1.35±0.10),(1.84±0.09),(1.23±0.11),(1.28±0.09),(1.18±0.08),(1.05±0.07) and (1.15±0.08) ×10-3 mm2/s in control group,(1.28±0.11),(1.60±0.15),(1.27±0.09),(1.59±0.20),(1.19±0.15),(1.19±0.13),(1.11±0.09),(0.97±0.11) and (1.06±0.12) ×10-3 mm2/s in mild HIE group,and (1.18±0.14),(1.51±0.22),(1.19±0.09),(1.56±0.19),(1.03±0.16),(1.08±0.07),(1.02±0.07),(0.87±0.09) and (0.96±0.12) × 10-3 mm2/s in moderate-to-severe HIE group.ADC values among the three groups had statistical difference (F=3.89,3.21,4.05,3.30,3.28,3.27,4.12,4.75and 4.72,all P＜0.05).ADC values of frontal lobe gray matter,frontal white matter,parietal gray matter,parietal white matter,putamen,posterior limb of the internal capsule and thalamus in mild HIE group were lower than those in control group (all P＜0.05).All of the ADC values of nine regions in moderate-to-severe HIE group were lower than those in control group (all P＜0.05).ADC value of frontal lobe gray matter,parietal gray matter,corona radiata,caudate nucleus,putamen,posterior limb of the internal capsule and thalamus in moderate-to-severe HIE group were lower than those in mild HIE group (all P＜0.05).Conclusion DWI and ADC values could reflect brain injury caused by HIE,and ADC values can be used to quantitatively analyze the degree of hypoxic-ischemic injury.

BACKGROUND:Shape memory polyurethane has good physical and chemical properties and compatibility, but there are relatively few reports on the compatibility of osteoblasts before and after the deformation-complex of the shape memory polyurethane. OBJECTIVE:To observe the compatibility of osteoblasts with shape memory polyurethane before and after the deformation-complex. METHODS: Shape memory polyurethane membranes were prepared, and its stretching-solid-complex was conducted under the experimental environment, to obtain the membrane materials after the deformation-complex. The Sprague-Dawley neonatal rat osteoblasts were inoculated on the shape memory polyurethane membranes before and after the deformation-complex. After 2 hours of culture, the number of adherent cels was counted, and cel spreading was observed; cel proliferation was determined after 1-11 days of culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The adhesion amount and proliferation activity of osteoblasts on shape memory polyurethane membranes after the deformation-complex were significantly higher than those before the deformation-complex (P < 0.05). The osteoblasts presented fusiform appearance on the shape memory polyurethane membranes after deformation-complex, and cel arrangement showed a clear orientation, but a smal spreading area; while the osteoblasts presented polygonal shape on the shape memory polyurethane membranes before deformation-complex, arranged in no particular direction, and spread largely. These findings show the shape memory polyurethane has better osteoblast compatibility after the deformation-complex.

Objective To propose an improved discrete wavelet transform (DWT ) and to apply it in multimodal medical im‐age fusion .Methods Firstly ,the source medical images were initially transformed into the high frequency and low frequency images by DWT ;then the high frequency part adopted the big direction absolute values ,which effectively preserved the detailed informa‐tion of image ,while the low frequency part used the fusion rule of local energy ratio for preserving the most of image information ;finally ,the discrete wavelet reverse transform was used for reconstructing the fusion sub‐images into fusion image .Results By comparing the fusion images by 3 groups of medical images ,this proposed algorithm was superior to other existing algorithms in the aspects of subjective visual effect and objective evaluation indicators .Conclusion The proposed algorithm of medical image fusion is rapid and accurate ,has excellent performance in the noise environment and clinical examples ,can obtain the high quality fusion im‐age and has higher clinical application value .

Objective To compare the clinical effect of Multiloc nailing and Philos locking plate for treating proximal humerus fracture.Methods A retrospective analysis of 34 surgery treated proximal humeral fractures patients in Department of Orthopedics,Beijing Haidian Hospital and Department of Orthopedics,Beijing Chaoyang Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2015 to June 2016,in which 3 cases of high-energy injury and multiple fractures andonecase of humerus head replacement and onecase of non-surgical treatment were excluded.Finally,29 patients were included and clinical followed up to 12 months after surgery.The 29 paients were divided into the locking plate group (n =13) and intramedullary nail group (n =16),The operative time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,preoperative to postoperative 24 patients were compared between the locking plate group and intramedullary nail group underwent open reduction and internal fixation with philos locking plate hemoglobin changes,24 h postoperative visual analogue scale and 3,6,12 months postoperative Constant-Murley shoulder function score.SPSS13.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data.Measurement data were expressed as ((x) ± s).Comparison of groups used independent samples t test,repeated measurement data used repeated measures analysis of variance.Results The age of the locking plate group was (65.7 ± 9.3) years,and the age of the intramedullary nailing group was (65.6 ± 11.1) years.In the locking plate group,the operation time was (150 ± 17) minutes,the intraoperative blood volume was (300 ± 53) ml,the change of blood pigment between before surgery to 24 hours after surgery was (26 ± 8) mg/L,and the vision algetic standard of 24 hours after surgery was (3.4 ± 0.8) scores.In intramedullary nailing group,the operation time was (119 ± 13) minutes,the intraoperative blood volume was (130 ± 25) ml,and the change of blood pigment between before surgery to 24 hours after surgery was (11 ± 5) g/L,the vision algetic standard of 24 hours after surgery was (2.3 ± 0.5) scores.No serious postoperative complications occurred in either group,including infection,internal fixationfailure,and humeral head necrosis.In locking plate group,for the Constant-Murley shoulder joint function score,3 months after surgery was (76.0 ± 11.6) scores,6 months was (78.0 ± 13.4) scores,12 months was (88.0 ± 12.1) score.In intramedullary nailing group 3 months was (85.0 ± 9.7) scores,6 months was (87.0 ± 8.9) scores,12 months was (89.0 ± 10.3) scores.There were no statistical difference between the two groups at incidence of serious complications after surgery,postoperative 12 months Constant-Murley shoulder joint function score.Muhiloc intramedullary nailing group was better than Philos locking plate group in the operation time,the intraoperative blood volume,etc.Conclusion Multiloc intramedullary nail is an effective method for treating proximal humerus fracture,and it has the advantages of less surgical injury and early postoperativesatisfactory than the locking plate.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the levels of four hydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in the urine of coke workers and its influencing factors.To explore the feasibility of using PAHs as biomarkers for exposure of coke oven emissions(COEs).METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was used to compare 261 coke oven workers in a coke oven plant as exposure group with 111 workers without COEs exposure in an oxygen making plant as control group.Ultra high liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect four hydroxylated metabolites of PAHs,including1-hydroxypyrene(OHP),1-hydroxynaphthalene(OHN),2-OHN and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene,in urine of these two groups.RESULTS: The levels of four hydroxylated metabolites of PAHs in urine in exposure group were higher than that of the control group(P<0.01).The levels of urinary 1-OHP,1-OHN,2-OHN were followed by the sequence of bottomoven,side-oven,and top-oven subgroups among the exposure group(P<0.05).The multiple linear regression results indicated that the levels of urinary 1-OHP,1-OHN,2-OHN were correlated with COEs exposure(P<0.05),after adjusting the confounding factors of gender,age,length of service,smoking status and alcohol drinking status.The levels of urinary 1-OHP,1-OHN,2-OHN of the exposure group increased with the increase of COEs exposure levels showing a dose-effect relationship(P<0.01).The levels of 1-OHN and 2-OHN were associated with smoking apart from COEs exposure(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The urinary 1-OHP can be used as a reliable biomarker for the evaluation of internal exposure to COEs.The 1-OHN and 2-OHN can be used as adjuvant biomarkers.

Objective: To investigate the association between etheno-DNA adduct and the promoter of DNA methylation levels of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (P16), Ras association domain family 1 (RASSF1A) and O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in workers with occupational exposure to diesel engine exhaust (DEE). Methods: We recruited 124 diesel engine testing workers as DEE exposure group and 112 water pump operator in the same area as control group in Henan province in 2012 using cluster sampling. The demographic data were obtained by questionnaire survey; urine after work and venous blood samples were collected from each subject. The urinary etheno-DNA adducts were detected using UPLC-MS/MS, including 1,N6-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine (εdA) and 3,N4-etheno-2'-deoxycytidine(εdC). The DNA methylation levels of P16, RASSF1A, and MGMT were evaluated using bisulfite-pyrosequencing assay. The percentage of methylation was expressed as the 5-methylcytosine (5mC) over the sum of cytosines (%5mC). Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression were applied to analyze the association between etheno-DNA adducts and DNA methylation of P16, RASSF1A, and MGMT. Results: The median (P₂₅-P₇₅) of urinary εdA level was 230.00 (98.04-470.91) pmol/g creatinine in DEE exposure group, and 102.10 (49.95-194.48) creatinine in control group. The level of εdA was higher in DEE exposure group than control group (P<0.001). DNA methylation levels of P16, RASSF1A and MGMT were 2.04±0.41, 2.19 (1.94-2.51), 2.22 (1.94-2.46)%5mC in exposure group, and 2.19±0.40, 2.41 (2.11-2.67), 2.44 (2.15-2.91)%5mC in control group. DNA methylation levels were lower in exposure group (P values were 0.005, 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). Spearman correlation analysis showed that DNA methylation levels of P16, RASSF1A, and MGMT were negative associated with urinary εdA level (r values were -0.155, -0.137, and -0.198, respectively, P<0.05). No significant correlation was observed between the εdC level and any measured DNA methylation levels (P>0.05) . Multiple linear regression confirmed the negative correlation between εdA and DNA methylation levels of P16, RASSF1A, and MGMT in non-smoking group (β (95%CI) was -0.068 (-0.132--0.003), -0.082 (-0.159--0.004) and -0.048 (-0.090--0.007), P values were 0.039, 0.039 and 0.024, respectively). Moreover, εdC was negative associated with DNA methylation level of MGMT in non-smoking group (β (95%CI) was -0.094 (-0.179--0.008), P=0.032). Conclusion DEE exposure could induce the increased of εdA and decreased of DNA methylation levels of P16, RASSF1A and MGMT.

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression of the C-terminal truncated human apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and its biological effect on MCF-7 cells.

METHODSPcDNA3.0-FDT-AIFδ1-480 was transfected into human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells with lipofectamine. The expression of the truncated AIF gene was detected by Western blotting, and its effects on the biological behaviors of MCF-7 cells and on the expression of cytochrome c (cytC) were evaluated using flow cytometry, MTT assay, colony-forming assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential measurement.

RESULTSPcDNA3.0-FDT-AIFδ1-480 enhanced AIF expression in MCF-7 cells, obviously inhibited the cell proliferation, and significantly reduced the mitochondrial membrane potentials (P<0.05). Transfection of the cells with PcDNA3.0-FDT-AIFδ1-480 promoted the expression of cytC and resulted in significantly increased apoptosis of MCF-7 cells (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of C-terminal truncated human AIF gene can induce apoptosis of human MCF-7 cells by promoting cytC release from mitochondria.

Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Inducing Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytochromes c ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Mitochondria ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE：To study the improvem ent effects of total flavonoids from Morus alba on glycolipid metabolism ， inflammation and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM）model rats ，and to investigate the potential mechanism. METHODS：After feeding high fat diet for 8 weeks，female SD rats with FBG ＜6.67 mmol/L were caged with male SD rats . Pregnant female rats were randomly divided into control group ，GDM group ，M. alba total flavonoids low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups （50，100，200 mg/kg），with 10 rats in each group. Except for control group ，other groups were given intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 25 mg/kg once to induce GDM model. After injection ，rats in each administration group were given corresponding drugs intragastrically ，control group and GDM group were given normal saline 10 mL/kg intragastrically ， once a day ，for consecutive 18 days. The levels of FBG were determined on the 3rd，7th and 18th day of pregnancy （G3d，G7d and G18 d）；the levels of blood lipids （TG，TC，LDL-C，HDL-C）and inflammatory factors （TNF-α，IL -6，IL-8），oxidative stress indicators（MDA，SOD，GSH，CAT）in serum were determined on G 18d. The protein and mRNA expressions of PPARγ and NF-κB， the expression of AMPK mRNA and p-AMPK protein were measured by Real-time-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS ： Compared with control group ，the levels of FBG （G3d，G7d，G18d），TG，TC，LDL-C，TNF-α，IL-6，IL-8 and MDA ，protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB in GDM group were significantly increased，while the levels of SOD ，GSH and CAT ，the expressions of PPARγ protein and mRNA，AMPK mRNA and p-AMPK fcksjf@126.com protein were significantly decreased （P＜0.01）. Compared with GDM group ，the levels of FBG （G3 d，G7 d，G18 d），TG， huawei99@163.com TC，LDL-C in M. alba total flavonoids medium-dose and high- dose groups and the levels of TNF-α，IL-6，IL-8 and MDA ，protein and mRNA expression of NF-κB in M. alba total flavonoids groups were significantly decreased ；the levels of SOD ，GSH and CAT ，the expressions of PPARγ protein and mRNA， AMPK mRNA and p-AMPK protein were significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：Total flavonoids from M. alba can improve the glycolipid metablism ，inflammation and oxidative stress in GDM model rats ，the mechanism of which may be related to the activation of PPARγ pathway.

Objective The three-dimensional (3D) solid model of medulla oblongata-upper cervical spinal cord based on specimen pathological section data was established, and the stress and strain levels of medulla oblongata-upper cervical spinal cord under dentate process compression were obtained by finite element analysis, so as to provide references for clinical research. Methods Mimics was used to process the slice data, so as to establish the point cloud model. SolidWorks was used to locate, edit and optimize the point cloud model, so as to establish the 3D solid model. HyperMesh was used to establish the finite element model and ANSYS was used for finite element analysis. Results The medulla oblongata-upper cervical spinal cord model with clear boundary between gray matter and white matter and white matter fiber bundle was established. The stress and strain levels and stress-strain curves of white matter and gray matter under different compression degrees were obtained. Conclusions Combined with pathological sections of specimens and reverse engineering, the 3D medulla oblongata-upper cervical spinal cord model with clear morphology and structure of gray/white matter can be established. When the medulla oblongata-upper cervical spinal cord is compressed, the stress level of gray matter is lower than that of white matter, and about 20% of compression is the critical state of white matter. When the disease develops beyond the critical state, the biomechanical properties of white matter may fail, resulting in gray matter damage.