In view of the fact that the current concept of asymptomatic period of HIV infection can not express the disease development in this period accurately,and easily lead to ambiguity,the author proposed the concept of‘chronic progress phase’on basis of long-term clinical and scientific research.The author thought that the so-called asymptomatic period of HIV infection had many signs and symptoms of clinical significance,besides the syndrome can be identified,thus it was of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of AIDS.The concept of‘chronic progress phase’being in accordance with the actual disease evolution,was a more scientific appellation and had been widely accepted by the industry.

Objective To observe the principles of cell proliferation and apoptosis in the developing mouse cochlear sensory epithelium, and investigate correlation with differentiation of hair cells.Methods The developing inner ears of C57BL/6 embryonic mice,aged from eighth embryonic day (E8) to just natal mice (P0), were observed by transmission electron microscope.Results Cochlear primordium arose at E10. After E14, sensory epithelia began to differentiate. Corti primordium arose at E16, and shapes of supporting and hair cells tend to mature. But the organ of Corti was still poorly developed at P0. Meanwhile Cell karyokinesis of the cochlea arose at E11 ,then gradually increased. But it began to decrease from E14. Cell apoptosis arose at E13.It reached its peak from E14 to E15,then it began to decrease gradually.Conclusion Cell proliferation and apoptosis were inevitable in the developing mouse cochlea.Cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and differentiation of hair cells consequently arose and overlapped each other. Homeostasis between cell proliferation and apoptosis has an important role in the developing mouse cochlear sensory epithelium.

Objective To study cell apoptosis and differentiation in postnatal developing spiral ganglion(SG)of rat.Methods By means of transmission electron microscope(TEM),cell apoptosis and the ultrastructure of rat SG neurons were investigated during postnatal days 1,3,5,7,10,14,and 30.Results In P5 and P7,neural cell apoptosis was observed in rat SG neuron.The typical morphological alterations of apoptotic cells included a crescent-shaped band of condensed chromation round the nuclear periphery,apoptotic bodies,and cell shrinkage.The first appeared type 2 neurons with densely packed neurofilaments in the cytoplasm could be recognized with confidence at postnatal day 7.The type 2 neurons at this time showed obvious signs of cell shrinkage.Cell apoptosis disappeared subsequently.In subsequent developing period,the morphological characteristics of type 1 and type 2 neurons became more remarkable and gradually achieved their mature structure.Conclusion The neural cell apoptosis was an important event in the postnatal development of rat SGCS.Cell apoptosis,occurred prior to appearance of the type 2 neurons,may be related to remodeling of the outer hair cell innervation and type 2 neuron differentiation.

BACKGROUND:The human body pulse signal can be regarded as the convolution of the heart excitation resource signal and the pulse transfer system. The backward signal was studied more before, but the research to the forward signal is not enough.OBJECTIVE: To extract the heart excitation source signals in human pulse wave.DESIGN: A randomized controlled design.SETTING: Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University;Biomedical Engineering institute of Shandong University.PARTICIPANTS: Health physical-examined persons in the Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University on March 11,2004 were recurited. RM6240 physiological signals collection system was adopted.METHODS: The collection of pulse wave in healthy persons was input into system-analysis mode and based on the principle of blind deconvolution and feasible arithmetic, heart source signals were obtained.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Normal human pulse wave ②The heart excitation source signals.RESULTS: In the back-half segment of cepstrum (n＞ n0), periodic impulse was in accordance with the basic human pulse frequency. There was an excitation source in the pulse wave. If high-pass filter was defined to the signal (when n0 equals to 30 in the experimentation the result will be best.), we could get the heart excitation source signal after it was filtered, F transformation, index and inverse transformation.CONCLUSION: This method is practical and feasible and will provide a basis to further analyze pulse wave.

To study the status of homozygous deletions of MTS1/p16 gene in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (LSCC) and to discuss the relations of homozygous deletions to the pathological grade and clinical stage of the tumor,Fifty-nine primary LSCC were examined for homozygous deletions of the MTS1/p16 gene by comparative PCR.Three specimens were eliminated for being incapable of comparison with others.Homozygous deletions of the MTS1/p16 gene were found in 9 of 56 tumors (16.07%).The rates of homozygous deletions of MTS1/p16 gene in well,medially,poorly differentiated tumors were 17.24%(5/29),11.76%(2/17),and 20.00%(2/10) respectively.There had no significant difference in various pathological grades of tumors.Homozygous deletions rates of tumors in stagesⅠ～Ⅱand in stagesⅢ～Ⅳwere 5.41% (2/37) and 36.84%(7/19) respectively.The rate of homozygous deletions in stages Ⅲ～Ⅳtumors was significantly higher than that in stagesⅠ～Ⅱ(P＜0.01).Homozygous deletions of the MTS1/p16 gene were correlated well with clinical stages.Our data suggested that homozygous deletions of MTS1/p16 gene might be one of the genetic events in the development of the tumor and might play a role in malignant progression of LSCC.

Objective:To establish the content determination method of the main alkaloids protopine and tetrahydropalmatine in Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) Pers. Methods: HPLC was used to determinate the main alkaloids protopine and tetrahydropalmatine in Corydalis decumbene (Thunb.) Pers. Supelcosil LC 18 DB Column was used, mobile phase consisted of Methol NaAc/HAc(75∶25 pH5.0) and detection wavelength at UV 285 nm. Results: Linearity of this method was good with the average recoveries, 98.04% and 99.63%. Conclusion: This method is accurate, reliable with good separability and reproducibility, it can be applied as standard for the control of Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) Pers.

Objective To select a safe and feasible way by comparing the two main styles of splitting liver transplantation classical splitting and modified splitting.Methods In order to compare the distribution of artery, vein and bile duct of all segments of liver, 58 formaldehyde fixed livers and 8 fresh livers were divided into two groups. One group was subjected to classical splitting and the other group to modified splitting. Results Among 66 livers, 66.7?% of the segment VIII and 100?% of the segment V (all or some) drained to middle hepatic vein. In classical splitting group, the vein drainage of 5th and 8th segments of right graft was destroyed.Conclusion Modified splitting is safer and more reliable than classical splitting, so the former is the first choice when the size of donor liver is suitable.

Spasticity can influence the outcome of the patients with cerebral injury. Most traditional physical therapies often focused on the spastic muscle. The recent development has showed that stimulating the antagonistic muscle can relieve the spasticity, which based on the reciprocal inhibition theory. This paper reviewed these approaches on its theory and application.

Objective To obtain an easy and high efficient method for gene transfer to cochlear hair cells ,by comparing three mediating green fluorescent protein (GFP) methods (electroporation ,adenovector and lentivirus vector) .Methods Cochlear sensory epithelium was dissected from anaesthetized P2 mice .Sensory epithelia were transferred onto poly -L -lysine treated cover slides and cultured overnight .Gene transfer was performed by elec‐troporation in medium containing pGPHI/GFP/Neo plasmid or by incubation with diluted recombined adenovirus/lentivirus vector .After 48 hours ,green fluorescence was checked under fluorescence microscope .To confirm the ef‐ficiency of exogenous gene transfer ,real-time PCR was performed using specific primers .Results The transfec‐tion efficiencies of electroporation and lentivirus vector mediated gene transfer were very low .Both immunofluores‐cence and real - time PCR results showed that the transfection efficiency of adenovirus mediated GFP and Bmi1 transfer were relatively higher .The proportion of GFP positive cells in outer hair cells and inner hair cells of middle turn were 90 .0% ± 4 .1% and 5% ± 0 .4% ,respectively .Conclusion Adenovector is more efficient for exogenous gene transfer to cochlear hair cells ,thus adenovector is a good carrier for gene transfer to cochlear hair cells .

Objective This study aims to examine the development of the posterior lateral line of the zebrafish and establish ant model to study the process of hair cell differentiation and regeneration .Methods We observed the posterior lateral line system formation by DAPI immunohistochemistry and whole mount in situ hybridization .We further evaluated hair cells differentiation within neuromast by using Transgenic Tg (Brn3c:mGFP) zebrafish and stained the functional hair cells by the mechanotransduction marker FM 1 -43FX .We labelled proliferating cells in primordium and neuromast by addition of BrdU to the system water .Results The posterior lateral line primordium originated from a sensory placode and started its journey at around 20 hours post fertilization to migrate along the horizontal myoseptum to the tail -tip with a constant speed (1 .7somite/hour) .The primordium depositd five or six neuromasts spaced along the body ,and two or three terminal neuromasts at the tail -tip at 48 hours post fertiliza-tion .At 3 ,5 and 7 days post fertilization ,zebrafish contained 5 .68 ± 1 .46 ,10 .1 ± 0 .99 ,and 12 .45 ± 1 .32 hair cells per neuromast ,respectively .Furthermore ,the average number of FM1-43FX stained hair cells within each neuro-mast were 3 .68 ± 1 .11 ,8 .18 ± 1 .86 ,and 10 .22 ± 1 .24 ,respectively .Conclusion We establish the development model of hair cells in zebrafish lateral line neuromast and suggest that 3 to 7 days post fertilization is an important period for lateral line neuromast differentiation .This study would be useful for underlying the mechanisms of hair cell differentiation and regeneration .