Objective:To evaluate the effect of Vitapex in root canal therapy (RCT) for infected permanent teeth.Methods:159 permanent teeth with chronic periapical periodontitis were treated by RCT, and the canals were filled with Vitapex (in 54 teeth),ZOE (in 52 teeth) and ZOE plus iodoform (in 53 teeth) respectively.The effects were evaluated by clinical and radiological observation.Results:The ratio (%) of apical tissue reaction in 3 days following RCT in the group of Vitapex,ZOE and ZOE plus iodoform was 14.8,59.6 and 50.9 (P0.05) respectively.Conclusion:Vitapex is effective in the treatment of infected root canals.

Objective:To explore the effects of anti-microbial compound （T1） from Bacillus （Phylum Firmicutes） and anti-microbial compound （T2） from Pseudomonas and Rhizobium， two growth-promoting agents， on the physiological characteristics and growth of Fritillaria przewalskii， in order to lay a foundation for the development of functional microbial agents and the promotion of ecological planting. Method:The endophytic bacteria of F. przewalskii were isolated and identified using conventional methods. The leaves of three-year-old F. przewalskii were sprayed with T1 and T2， followed by yield determination. The enzyme activities and physiological and biochemical indexes in the plant and microorganisms were measured using the corresponding assay kits， and the contents of related hormones by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS）. Result:The isolated endophytic bacteria were classified into Firmicutes，Proteobacteria， and Actinomycetes. The activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and peroxidase（POD） and auxin content after T2 treatment were significantly higher than those after T1 treatment， while the contents of siderophore，salicylic acid， and gibberellin were lower. Compared with the blank （CK） group， T1 and T2 increased the contents of endogenous gibberellin，cytokinin， and auxin in F. przewalskii leaves，but did not significantly change jasmonic acid and abscisic acid. T1 promoted the accumulation of endogenous salicylic acid in F. przewalskii leaves， but there was no significant change after T2 treatment. Compared with CK，T1 and T2 enhanced the activities of SOD， POD， and catalase （CAT） and decreased the content of malondialdehyde. T2 promoted the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in F. przewalskii leaves， but no significant difference was observed after T1 treatment. Compared with CK，both T1 and T2 increased chlorophyll，average iron content in rhizosphere soil， and 100-plant weight. Conclusion:T1 and T2 treatments help to increase the yield，and their specific mechanisms differ from each other. T1 exhibits better effect than T2.

OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease(PD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease clinically char-acterized by dyskinesia,tremor,rigidity,abnormal gait,whereas 90%of patients with PD suffer from defects of the sense of smell before the appearance of the motor dysfunctions.However,the mechanism of olfactory disor-der is still not clear.METHODS We utilized olfaction based delayed paired association task in head-fixed mice.We focused on functional role of neural circuit using opto-genetic techniques.In addition,we viewed the synaptic transmission by slice physiological recording and count-ed the cell number of targeted circuits.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In our experiments,olfactory working memory impairments were found in the PD mice,and the working memory impairment appeared before motor dys-functions.Furthermore,we also investigated the functional role of neural circuit for olfactory working memory in PD mice.Meanwhile,the excitatory post synaptic currents were decreased as a result of presynaptic release proba-bility suppression in PD mice.However cell loss wasn't found in working memory related circuit recently.These will provide a new idea of clinic diagnosis for PD.

Objective To explore epidemic characteristics of the coexistence of common chronic diseases among community residents in Jiading District, Shanghai, and to provide a basis for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases in the community. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted in the present study, and residents over 20 years old in three selected streets (towns) were investigated. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data, and χ² test was used to compare the difference between groups. Results Among the respondents, 24.80% had no chronic diseases and 75.20% had various chronic diseases. The top ten most common diseases were hypertension (37.82%), fatty liver (30.10%), chronic gastritis (18.11%), hyperlipidemia (14.51%), thyroid disease (8.85%), diabetes mellitus (8.65%), renal cyst (8.12%), chronic bronchitis (7.62%), kidney stone (6.97%) and gout (5.75%). The prevalence increased with age. Chronic diseases existed in the form of multiple diseases, and the prevalence rates of two, three, four, five, six and more chronic diseases at the same time were respectively 19.78%, 13.07%, 7.90%, 4.11% and 4.09%. The most common comorbid diseases were hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes combined with other chronic diseases. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases in residents in Jiading District was very high. Most of the residents suffered from multiple chronic diseases in which hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes were the common basis. The comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases in the community should be strengthened.