Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of C580Y mutation of kelch13 gene in the imported P. falciparum cases in Wuhan City, China, and to provide a reference basis for the prevention and treatment of imported falciparum malaria. Methods From 2009 to 2015, blood samples were collected from returnees who infected with P. falciparum in endemic areas of Africa and Southeast Asia in Wuhan City. The P. falciparum DNA was extracted from the blood samples, and kelch13 gene was amplified by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and the distribution of C580Y mutation was analyzed. Results C580Y mutation was detected in 16 of the 208 cases tested by LAMP. No mutations were detected in 69 cases of imported falciparum malaria from Africa during 2009-2012, while 13 cases of the C580Y mutation were detected in 114 cases from 2013 to 2015, with a mutation rate of 11.4%. The mutation rate in South Africa, West Africa, and Central Africa was 12.5%, 9.6%, and 19.0%, respectively, with no mutations detected in cases from North Africa and East Africa. Among the 25 cases of falciparum malaria from Southeast Asia between 2009 and 2013, three cases were positive for the C580Y mutation, all from Myanmar, with a mutation rate of 14.3% (3/21) in Myanmar and 12.0% (3/25) in Southeast Asia. There was no significant difference in the mutation rate between Africa and Southeast Asia after 2013 (P>0.05). Conclusions Our findings highlight the varying degrees of C580Y mutations of kelch13 gene in imported P. falciparum cases in Wuhan and suggest the need for enhanced monitoring and evaluation of related resistance genes.

Objective To understand the prevalence of Capillaria hepatica in rodents from Wuhan section of the Yangtze River marshland. Methods Rodents were trapped in Jiang an section of Wuhan marshland of the Yangtze River. The livers of the rodents were examined for pathological changes by unaided eyes and the liver tissues were examined for the eggs of C. hepati-ca by a microscope. Results According to the natural conditions the investigation was carried out in 6 survey areas. Each sur-vey area was placed with 60 mousetraps and all 360 mousetraps were recovered. A total of 31 rodents rodent density 8.61%were captured and examined including 24 Apodemus agrarius 3 Rattus norvegicus 4 Sorex caecutiens and C. hepatica eggs were found in 1 R. norvegicus 1/3 and not found in A. agrarius and S. caecutiens. Conclusion This study has documented a prevalence of C. hepatica in rodents from Wuhan section of the Yangtze River marshland where is a natural epidemic focus of ca-pillariasis hepatica.

Objective To investigate the Oncomelania hupensis snail control effect of schistosomiasis control engineering in marshland within Wuhan City. Methods The engineering measures including surface barrier removal,molluscicide,flatting surface,topsoil stripping,topsoil covering and ditch renovation were applied to transform Hankou marshland. Then the corre-sponding technical parameters of engineering measures were put forward. The situation of snails was analyzed before and after the transform project. Results The total length and area of the project were 6015 m and 87.21 hm2,respectively,including 17.44 hm2 of topsoil landfill,52.08 hm2 of topsoil covering and 23 new ditches. After the transformation,the average length of the new groove,the groove top width,groove depth,height difference,and the average values of slopes and ditch bottom slope were all increased,while the average values of the width and height of the ditch were decreased. At the same time,the marsh-land beach surface had a new slope that the embankment was higher than the river and no living O. hupensis snails were found then. Conclusions The snail breeding environment in Hankou marshland has been effectively changed by the project. Howev-er,the constant monitoring and engineering management are still needed to consolidate the effect.

Objective　To analyze and visualize the epidemic changes of schistosomiasis in Wuhan from 2013 to 2022 based on a geographical information system (GIS), providing references for further schistosomiasis control activities. Methods　According to the historical data of the annual reports of schistosomiasis screening and street-level vector map of Wuhan City from 2013 to 2022, a spatial database of epidemic information at the street level was established. The Joinpoint regression model was utilized to analyze the trend of phased changes in blood positivity rate for schistosomiasis. ArcMap 10.8 was employed for the spatial visualization of the positive rate of serological tests for schistosomiasis among the screened population in the endemic areas of Wuhan over the past decade, as well as conducting hot spot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) to explore the spatial clustering relationship and spatiotemporal trends. Heatmaps were generated to reflect the changes in the positive rate of blood tests for schistosomiasis over a decade in various streets, and the areas were classified by the ward’s method of hierarchical clustering using the sum of squared deviations. Results　Over the past decade, the overall annual positive rate of schistosomiasis screening in Wuhan declined from 2.23% in 2013 to 0.47% in 2022, showing a general downward trend. The Joinpoint regression model analysis of the blood positive rate indicated the presence of one connection point in 2015; from 2013 to 2015, the annual percent change (APC) of the positive rate was 2.17%, showing an upward trend (P>0.05); from 2015 to 2022, the APC was -23.34%, indicating a downward trend (P<0.05). The map of positive street-level schistosomiasis screening rates for 2013-2022 shows that the positive rate count on the streets of Caidian District and Hannan District in southwestern Wuhan and Huashan Street on the east side, had a significant decrease over the ten years, while the rate in the streets under the jurisdiction of Dongxihu District in the west showed an increase. The hot spot analysis graph revealed that hot spots of the positive rate in Wuhan shifted from the southwest to the west beginning in 2018. The heatmap indicated the largest disparity in trend changes, with the most noteworthy decline in streets under Caidian District and an increasing trend in the streets under Dongxihu District. Conclusions　The overall epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Wuhan is on a downtrend, although the positive rate of blood tests has increased in some areas. This has been attributed to a reduction in the total number of people participating in the blood tests and the slow decrease of antibodies in certain patients who were repeatedly sampled for testing. It is important to further strengthen the construction of monitoring capabilities, improve the sensitivity of monitoring systems, identify potential risks promptly, and handle them properly.

Objective:To learn about the thyroid volume and goiter status of adults in Wuhan, analyze related influencing factors, and provide a basis for revising the diagnostic criteria for adult goiter.Methods:From December 2019 to November 2021, a multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used in 13 districts of Wuhan. Two communities or townships were selected from each district, 100 permanent residents over 16 years old were selected from each community or township according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for general information collection, thyroid ultrasound examination, urinary iodine detection and physical examination were performed, and the influencing factors of thyroid volume were analyzed.Results:A total of 2 578 adults aged 16 and older in Wuhan were selected, including 1 168 males and 1 410 females, with an average age of (41.79 ± 13.01) years old. The median thyroid volume (interquartile range) in adults was 6.36 (4.88, 8.11) ml, the rate of goiter was 0.70% (18/2 578), and the detection rate of thyroid nodules was 35.49% (915/2 578). The median urinary iodine (interquartile range) was 185.32 (107.93, 277.08) μg/L. According to Spearman correlation analysis, the thyroid volume of adults in Wuhan was positively correlated with their height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area (BSA, r = 0.12, 0.22, 0.21, 0.20, P < 0.001). Through multiple linear regression analysis, the regression equation was obtained: thyroid volume = 7.72 + 1.19 × thyroid nodules - 1.04 × gender + 0.15 × age group. Patients with thyroid nodules had a thyroid volume greater than those without, males greater than females, and the elderly group greater than the younger group. Conclusion:The goiter rate in Wuhan is relatively low, and factors such as gender, age, presence of thyroid nodules, height, weight, BMI, BSA and other body measurement are the influencing factors of thyroid volume.

Objective To analyze the trends in Oncomelania hupensis distribution in Wuhan City, Hubei Province from 2003 to 2022, so as to provide insights into precision schistosomiasis control. Methods Data pertaining to O. hupensis snail survey in Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 were collected. The trends in the proportion of areas with snail habitats, actual area with snail habitats, mean density of living snails and prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infection in snails were evaluated in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 with the slope of trend curve (β), annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) using a Joinpoint regression model. Results During the period from 2003 through 2022, there were two turning points for the proportion of areas with snail habitats in Wuhan City in 2005 and 2015, with a rise during the period from 2003 to 2005 (β₁ = 5.93, t = 1.280, P > 0.05), a decline from 2005 to 2015 (β₂ = −0.88, t = −2.074, P > 0.05) and a rise from 2015 to 2022 (β₃ = 1.46, t = −2.356, P < 0.05). During the period from 2003 through 2022, there were two turning points for the proportion of areas with snail habitats in islet endemic areas of Wuhan City in 2006 and 2015, with no significant differences in the trends from 2003 to 2006 (β₁ = 4.64, t = 1.888, P > 0.05) or from 2006 to 2015 (β₂ = −1.45, t = −2.143, P > 0.05), and with a tendency towards a rise from 2015 to 2022 (β₃ = 2.04, t = −3.100, P < 0.05). During the period from 2003 through 2022, there were two turning points for the proportion of areas with snail habitats in inner embankment endemic areas of Wuhan City in 2012 and 2020, with a tendency towards a decline from 2003 to 2012 (β₁ = −0.39, t = −4.608, P < 0.05) and with no significant differences in the trends from 2012 to 2020 (β₂ = 0.03, t = 0.245, P > 0.05) and from 2020 to 2022 (β₃ = 1.38, t = 1.479, P > 0.05). During the period from 2003 to 2022, the actual area with snail habitats all appeared a tendency towards a decline in Wuhan City, and in islet and inner embankment endemic areas of Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 (AAPC = −2.39%, −5.75% and −2.35%, all P values < 0.05). The mean density of living snails reduced from 0.087 snails/0.1 m² in 2003 to 0.027 snails/0.1 m² in 2022 in Wuhan City, with a significant difference in the tendency towards the decline (APC = AAPC = −11.47%, P < 0.05). The annual mean decline rate of the mean density of living snails was 17.36% in outside embankment endemic areas of Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 (APC = AAPC = −17.36%, P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the trends in the mean density of living snails in islet endemic areas of Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 (APC = AAPC = −0.97%, P > 0.05). In addition, the prevalence of S. japonicum infection in snails appeared a tendency towards a decline in Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022 (APC = AAPC = −12.45%, P < 0.05). Conclusions The proportion of areas with snail habitats, actual area with snail habitats, mean density of living snails and prevalence of S. japonicum infection in snails all appeared a tendency towards a decline in Wuhan City from 2003 to 2022. Intensified snail control, modification of snail habitats, shrinking of areas with snails and implementation of grazing prohibition in snail-infested settings are required, in order to facilitate the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination in Wuhan City.