Objective: To review the advances in diagnosis and treatment of acute scaphoid fractures. Methods: The characteristic, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of acute scaphoid fractures were reviewed and summarized. Results: As one of the common fracture in hand, scaphoid fractures are generally classified as either undisplaced and stable or displaced and unstable. CT and MRI has best diagnostic specificity and sensitivity respectively. Most undisplaced and stable fractures can be treated successfully by plaster immobilization, whereas the displaced and unstable fractures have great prognosis after open reduction and internal fixation. Conclusion: Acute scaphoid fractures should be diagnosed and treated at an early stage, and choose the appropriate treatment according to the location and stability of the fracture.

ObjectiveTo study the anatomy of the soleus muscle perforator flap and its clinical application.MethodsIn 6 cadavers specimen with 12 lower limbs,the cutaneous branches and soleus muscle perforator artery were dissected and their measurements were recorded.Fourteen patients with skin and soft tissue defects from July 2002 to October 2010 were repaired by the soleus muscle perforator flap.Of the 14 patients,eight for dorsal and anterior defects of foot,two for anterior defects of malleolus,two for hand defects,two for elbow defects.The size of the flaps was 5 cm × 6 cm - 12 cm × 20 cm.Flap success rates and postoperative course were evaluated. ResultsThe soleus musclocutaneous perforators mostly appeared within 5 - 24 cm length below the head of fibula.The diameter of the artery cutaneous perforator was( 1.08 ±0.22)mm,vena concomitants was (1.20 ± 0.32)mm.All flaps were survived completely and the wounds got primary closure in 14 cases.The flaps were not overstaffed,and their shape,texture and color were similar to normal.All of the 14 cases were evaluated as satisfactory after 6 months to 12 months follow-up. ConclusionThe free soleus muscle perforator flap is an ideal flap for repairing skin and soft tissue defects with the merit of simple procedure,minimal trauma and more physiological circulation established.

Objective To summarize the experience of clinical diagnosis and treatment for recurrence and progress of relieved myastbenia gravis after thymectomy. Methods 22 recurrent and progressive after relieved pa-tients with myasthenia gravis who underwent thymectomy were retrospectively analyzed. The remission therapy was conducted with combined glucocorticoid and anticholinesterase and its effectiveness was estimated. Results It was 1,17,4 as better Osserman scale Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ respectively before operation but 15,6,1 as better Osserman scale Ⅱ , Ⅲ, Ⅳ respectively in recurrence and progress of relieved myasthenia gravis after thymectomy besides 6 with myas-thenic crisis. Complete remission and partial remission were gained in 9 patients and 12 patients respectively. There was 1 hospital-death. Conclusions Recurrence and progress can occur in any patient of relieved myasthenia gravis after thymectomy. Bulbar myasthenia gravis is usually presented as dysphagia. Reasonable administration of glucocor-tieoid could improve majority of recurrence and progress of relieved myasthenia gravis after thymectomy but responses poorly to the anticholinesterases.

Objective To investigate into social cognition of new subject physical education in Chinese Medicine colleges and to find out existing issues and institutes strategy to solve them. Methods Questionnaire and analysis of documents and telephonic interview were adopted. Results Society needs a large number of graduates who have solid knowledge of health protection and a good command of methods of preseving health and keeping fit and at the same time requires them to go in for teaching athletics, training and organizing games. New subject Physical Education has some advantages,and there are also lots of difficulties. Conclusions Course setting should be sptimized, practical teaching should be strengthened and publicized to ensure that the cultivation of talents meets the need of society.

COVID-19 pandemic has put a huge burden on public health and global economy. Vaccines play an important role in controlling virus transmission and reducing mortality. While monoclonal virus neutralizing antibodies can reduce the viral load, improve symptoms, and prevent the aggravation of the disease from hospitalization. Now hundreds of clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccine and monoclonal neutralizing antibody are in progress. The vaccine focuses on disease prevention, while the neutralizing antibody focuses on disease treatment. There are quite many differences between the two kinds of clinical trials by following different technical guidelines, research purpose, trial design, implementation and outcome assessment. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the similarities and differences between the clinical trials for the reference of new drug research and development as well as clinical researchers.

Migraine is a common nervous system disease, which could seriously affect the quality of life. However, the medical treatment of migraine cannot meet the clinical needs at present. With the deepening of research, serotonin 1F receptor agonists and drugs targeting CGRP are more and more developed and marketed. In this paper, the mechanism of action, safety and efficacy, metabolic characteristics of these drugs were systematically evaluated to provide a more scientific basis for clinical prevention and treatment of migraine.

The radical resection is the most important treatment for primary liver cancer, but the high recurrence rate is the main obstacle to the survival of postoperative patients.According to the time of tumor recurrence, the postoperative recurrence of liver cancer is divided into the early recurrence and late recurrence. The former is mainly related to the invasion and metastasis of liver cancer, and the latter is mainly caused by multicenter tumor occurrence based on the background of liver disease. The early prediction of postoperative recurrence risk contributes to the timely and effective intervention and improved the prognosis of the patients. In the past ten years, the clinical research on the recurrence of liver cancer has been systematically studied. The molecular mechanism of the metastasis and recurrence has been newly recognized: the metastatic potential of liver cancer begins in the early stage of primary tumor; the imbalance of micro-environmental inflammatory response promotes the metastasis of cancer. At the same time, a variety of molecular markers for predicting the recurrence of liver cancer were identified, and a molecular prediction model for the metastasis of liver cancer was created and optimized. These research results lay the foundation for more accurately understanding of the recurrence and metastasis of liver cancer and developing the more precise prevention and treatment strategies.

Objective:To observe the effect of grasping training under a dynamic wrist-hand orthosis (Saebo Glove) on upper limb and hand function in chronic stroke patients. Methods:From October, 2018 to January, 2019, eleven patients with hemiplegia in upper limb and hand after chronic stroke were recruited. They received conventional rehabilitation and grasping training under dynamic wrist-hand orthosis for three weeks. They were tested surface electromyography of flexor and extensor muscle of wrist and upper limb, assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Action Reach Arm Test (ARAT), modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) and Triple Spasticity Scale (TSS), and measured grip force, active range of motion of wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints before and after treatment. Results:The scores of FMA, ARAT and TSS, and active range of motion of wrist flexor improved after treatment (t > 2.739, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Grasping training assisted with dynamic wrist-hand orthosis can improve upper limb and hand function of motor and release spasticity in hemiplegics after chronic stroke.

Glioma is the most common and lethal intrinsic primary tumor of the brain. Its controversial origins may contribute to its heterogeneity, creating challenges and difficulties in the development of therapies. Among the components constituting tumors, glioma stem cells are highly plastic subpopulations that are thought to be the site of tumor initiation. Neural stem cells/progenitor cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells are possible lineage groups populating the bulk of the tumor, in which gene mutations related to cell-cycle or metabolic enzymes dramatically affect this transformation. Novel approaches have revealed the tumor-promoting properties of distinct tumor cell states, glial, neural, and immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment. Communication between tumor cells and other normal cells manipulate tumor progression and influence sensitivity to therapy. Here, we discuss the heterogeneity and relevant functions of tumor cell state, microglia, monocyte-derived macrophages, and neurons in glioma, highlighting their bilateral effects on tumors. Finally, we describe potential therapeutic approaches and targets beyond standard treatments.
Humans ; Glioma/metabolism* ; Neuroglia/metabolism* ; Carcinogenesis/pathology* ; Neural Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Microglia/metabolism* ; Brain Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Tumor Microenvironment

Objective To study and discuss the methods for repairation and reconstruction of foot defects in order to reduce the deformity and insufficiency of foot and to restorat its functional and cosmetic aspects. Mehtods Soft tissue recovery was enough for digital absence, dorsal, submalleolus and calcaneous defect; Delects in plantar should be repaired with pre flap; Abstence of metatarsats head should be reconstructed by using vascularized bone incorporation with free flap transplantation. Results Total 247 cases with bone and soft tissue defects of foot were recpaired by using managements mentioned above aehived satisfactory clinical result. All patiants were assed according to AOFAS of USA fool malleolus scores, excellent 84 cases; good 107; fair 42; poor 14. Conclusion Being flat in shape and abundant blood supply, the iliac bone is a valuable supply bone lor foot defects espesial for muti-matatarsal and ealeaneus. Absence of malleous should be reconstructed by free iliac bone or free febular head with fascial strip. Vascular bone incorporating with vascular flaps provided an ideal method of reconstruction foot conpound defeets.