Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Humans ; Vaccination

Intensive multidrug regimens,such as rituximah plus fractionated cyclophsphamide,vincristine,doxorubicin,and dexamethasone(R-HyperCVAD),are now being used to improve outcomes in patients with mantle cell lymphoma(MCL).In addition to these combinations,novel targeted agents,including bortezomib,bendamustine,and lenalidomide,are also being integrated into the treatment paradigm.Given the wide array of therapies available,making and implementing treatment decisions has become a complex process,requiring interdisciplinary collaboration.This article discussesed the pharmacist's role in this collaboration,as well as the administration of standard and novel therapies for MCL and the management of treatment related toxicities.

In the past 5 years,the treatment paradigm for patients with follicular lymphoma(FL) has undergone significant changes,with the development of effective new agents that are now being used in the upfront,maintenance,and relapsed/refractory settings.Although these new therapies have led to improvements in patient outcomes,numerous questions remain regarding their optimal use in the treatment of the disease.In this article,the questions related to the timing of therapy for asymptomatic patients,strategies for treating advanced and relapsed/refractory disease,the safety and efficacy of rituximab maintenance and the evolving role of transplantation in the era of novel agents were responded.The latest data from clinical trials of investigational agents that are showing promise in FL were also discussed.

Malignant lymphoma is a common malignant tumor of the lymphatic system. In recent years, immunotherapy is a new direction in the field of lymphoma treatment after targeted therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) have achieved significant efficacy in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), with an overall response rate of about 80%, which makes the clinical application of ICPi in patients with malignant lymphoma become the focus of attention. This article reviews the recent progress in the biological mechanism of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA-4), and the application of ICPi in the treatment of HL and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Small cell lung cancer(SCLC) is an chemosensitive and radiosensitive malignant tumor which can appear hematogenous metastasis in early stage. The treatment of SCLC is based on chemotherapy and combined with radiotherapy and operation. In spite of the high response rate, the median time from drug-resistance to death of extensive SCLC is still disappointed. As to limited SCLC, there are still 75 % ~ 80 % patients relapse after inductive chemotherapy and radiotherapy. All in all, the second-line therapy is very important in SCLC patients.

Aggressive B-cell lymphoma is characterized by malignant behaviour and rapid progression.Patients are prone to drug resistance or relapse of disease.The 19th European Hematology Association (EHA)annual congress explored several aspects about aggressive B-cell lymphoma.PET-CT examination provided new tools for the indication of prognosis.The elevated dose of rituximab improved the outcome of elderly male patients.Novel drugs or methods including bortezomib,ABT-199,combined targeted therapy and CNS prophylaxis have shown encouraging results in various clinical trials which provide new hope for patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma.

There are an increasing number of survivors of successful treatment of lymphomas over the past 30 years. Although these survivors may be cured of their lymphoma, long-term morbidity and mortality are associated with late toxicities of the treatment. Identification of these late complications will lead to strategies to manage them when they occur and hopefully decrease the risk of their development. Secondary malignancies and treatment associated cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of late morbidity and mortality.Musculoskeletal difficulties, endocrine abnormalities, including sterility and thyroid disease, and heart and lung damage, have also been seen.The late complications of primary treatment of lymphoma and autologous stem cell transplantation usually for relapsed disease are the subjects of this paper.

The American Society of Clinical Oncology(ASCO) annual meeting was held in June 3-7, 2016 in Chicago. This review will present a brief introduction of the progress in medical treatment for colorectal cancer in this annual meeting, such as preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy/concurrent chemoradiotherapy and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer, chemotherapy for inoperable advanced colorectal cancer, targeted therapy and immunotherapy.

1 or 2 grade FL followed by a diffuse large cell lymphoma(DLCL) ot a Burkitt/Burkitt-like lymphoma is TL.TL maintains a phenotype suggestive of germinal center derivation.The most common immunophenotype is the same as that of FL, CD+10/bcl-6+. Obtaining a biopsy of TL is enhanced if the biopsy is directed to the site with the greatest SUV. The risk of transformation of about 30% at 10 years after the initial diagnosis of FL.The median duration of survival after transformation generally ranging from 1 to 2 years.HDCT-ASCT, allogeneic tranplantation,radioimmunotherapy and bendamustine are the possible therapy for TL.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an incurable disease.Rituximab and fludarabine are two of the most effective agents in CLL update.Despite the widespread use of highly effective chemoimmunotherapy,fludarabine-refractory CLL remains a challenging problem associated with poor overall survival.Approved therapeutic options for these patients remain limited.Fortunately,allogenetic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and several novel targeted therapeutics in clinical trails hold promise of significant benefit for these patients' population.This review discusses the activity of available and novel targeted therapeutics besides allo-SCT in fludarabine-refractory or fludarabine-resistant CLL.