Interventional radiology is a new and developing subject, and a good grasp of imaging knowledge, skilled manipulation and plenty of clinical experience are essential for physicians who are engaged in this special field. For this reason, all interventional physicians should make great efforts to unceasingly improve their theoretical levels and practical abilities. Many interventional physicians who used to be the diagnostic radiologists have solid foundation of medical imaging as well as rich manipulation ability.Nevertheless, what they usually lack is the special clinical knowledge, they are short of relevant clinical ability to confidently deal with the interventional perioperative events. The interventional perioperative performance is an important component of interventional therapy. Standard interventional preoperative preparations can effectively reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications and scientific postoperative managements will help obtain an optimal result.

AIM: To investigate the mechanism by which TA9902 inhibits the formation of amyloid ?-peptide (A?) fibrils. METHODS: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the secondary structure changes on aging A? in vitro. RESULTS: The content of ?-pleated sheet were 46.53% in the condition of A? aged alone for 30 min. When A? aged alone for 72 h, the content of ?-pleated sheet increased about 19.4% and produced a shift of random coil toward ?-pleated sheet. TA9902 induced a significant decrease in the content of ?-pleated sheet (36.09%). CONCLUSION: TA9902 effectively diminishes the ?-pleated structural content. The effect of TA9902 on the secondary structure of aged A? is associated with inhibition of A? aggregation and fibril formation.

Objective To establish carotid artery bifurcation aneurysm in canine, and to clarify whether specific hemodynamic insult in combination with arterial wall degeneration will lead to the occurrence and development of aneurysms. Methods New bifurcation aneurysm model of common carotid artery (CCA) was successfully established in 18 dogs, which were randomly divided into the elastase-treated bifurcation group (EBG,n=9) and the control bifurcation group (CBG,n=9). Three dogs were treated with elastase insult to both straight sections of CCA and were used as elastase-treated straight section group (ESG,n=3). Angiographic and hemodynamic analysis was conducted immediately after the operation, as well as 12 and 24 weeks after the operation. Histopathological examination was performed 12 and 24 weeks after the operation. Results Angiography showed that new aneurysm (mean diameter 3.2 ±0.4 mm) was formed at the apex of CCA bifurcation in 5 dog models of EBG group, while no new aneurysm was observed in both CBG and ESG groups. In EBG group, no rupture of the new aneurysm occurred during the follow-up period. Histological analysis revealed that in EBG group the inner elastic lamina was discontinued, the elastic fiber was disrupted, the muscle layer became thinned, the smooth muscle cells were reduced, and the inflammatory cell (macrophage) infiltration as well as the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were increased;these changes were statistically significant when compared with those in CBG group and ESG group (P<0.001). Postoperative hemodynamic analysis indicated that in EBG group the wall shear stress at the apex of CCA bifurcation was reduced, the blood flow velocity was decreased, with the relative and total pressure being the highest;all the above changes returned to normal after arterial wall remodeling. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the arterial wall degeneration and the hemodynamic effect at the apex of CCA bifurcation can lead to new aneurysm formation in canine model.

Objective To explore the application of ROC curve analysis in evaluating the virtual screening of ?-secretase (BACE-1) inhibitors.Methods Virtual screening were performed for BACE-1 inhibitors using different scoring functions (Surflex-score,D-score,G-score,PMF-score,ChemScore),the screening library was composed of 50 BACE-1 inhibitors and 9 950 inactive compounds.Five scoring functions were used for ranking,and application of ROC curve analysis in evaluating the results of ranking.Results Using D-score to rank the database,the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.935.If specificity was considered primarily,more active compound were obtained by Surflex-score;if sensitivity was considered primarily,more active compounds were obtained by D-score.Conclusions ROC curve consists of sensitivity and specificity together,it can be used to set the right threshold after virtual screening to obtain active compounds as many as possible.

Objective To provide anatomic basis for sensation restoratiou of distally based island flap pedicled with nutrient vessels of superficial peroneal nerve by use of lateral sural cutaneous nerve. Methods The origin, course and distribution rule of lateral part sensory nerve of leg were dissected and observed in 40 antisepticized adult cadaveric limbs. Results ①Lateral sural cutaneous nerve originated from common peroneal nerve 7cm above apex of fibular head, descended short distance along common peroneal nerve, then passed through pepliteal fascia to facies lateralis cruris,along the way it sent out 1-3 terminal branches, which distributed over the skin of Ⅰ , Ⅱ area in the posterior lateral leg. ②Superficial peroneal nerve originated from common peroneal nerve 1.9cm below apex of fibular head, descended forward between peroneus longus and fibula, then descended between peroneus longus and peroneus brevis, and sent out branches to the two muscles. The nerve bole (pure sensory nerve branch) descended straight between peroneus brevis and anterior cmral intermuscular septum, at the juncture between Ⅱ、Ⅲ area in facies lateralis eruris, passed through deep fascia to subcutaneous tissue, then sent out medial dorsal cutaneous nerve of foot and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve of foot, which distributed over the skin of dorsum of foot and Ⅲ area in facies lateralis cmris. Conclusion It may be available in sensation restoration of distally based island flap pedicled with nutrient vessels of superficial peroneal nerve through anastomosis of lateral sural cutaneous nerve bole with sensory nervous ramification of recipient site.

To promote the combination of basic medical education and clinic medical edu-cation,we carried out the exploration on stomatological human anatomy course linked up with imi-tative oral clinic teaching.The evaluation to the effect of the teaching methods showed that it could induce the stomatological students to apply the theory to the clinic practice,consolidate their mas-tery and understanding of stomatological human anatomy and train their ability to acquire knowledge actively.

AIM:To gain the molecular mechanism of active ingredients of EGb 761(ginkgo flavones and ginkgo lides) for the inhibition against A?_(1-42) aggregation and fibrogenesis.METHODS:Circular dichroism spectra(CD) and FI-IR were used to curve-fit and analyze the change in A?_(1-42) second structure under A? aged condition and intervention of ginkgo flavones and ginkgo lides.RESULTS:Analysis that was made of 1700-1600 m(-1) amide-Ⅰ-band and curve fitting indicated that after 30 min to 72-incubation,increase of ?-sheet in A?_(1-42) by(18.5%),but the reduction of ?-sheet by(50.95%) and(36.09%) in 72 h incubation with ginko flavones and ginkgo lides,respectively.And increase of ?-turn by(56.56%) and(46.56%) in sane condition.CONCLUSION:Obviously,?-sheet turned into ?-turn.-CH_2 and-CH groups of ketones and alkanes engaged in A?_(1-42) molecular change.

BACKGROUND:Whether the functional mandibular deviation wil cause osteal mandibular deviation and whether the mandibular growth pattern wil change are stil controversial. Vascular endothelial growth factor can increase the endothelial permeability, stimulate endothelial cel mitosis and promote angiogenesis and regulate the formation of bone. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of functional mandibular deviation on the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in condylar cartilage in growing rats. METHODS:Sixty four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (n=20) and experimental group (n=40). Each animal in experimental group received a nichrome appliance which was designed by our team. Lower mandible suffered from left functional deviation (2.1±0.3) mm to simulate functional mandibular asymmetry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of vascular endothelial growth factor-positive cels in the sagittal posterior deviation region of rats with functional mandibular deviation was less than that in the non-deviation region at 7-28 days after model establishment. The number of vascular endothelial growth factor-positive cels was less in the sagittal central and coronal central deviation region than in the non-deviation region in rats with functional mandibular deviation at 14-28 days after model establishment, but was close to the control group. The number of vascular endothelial growth factor-positive cels was less in the coronal lateral deviation region than in the non-deviation region and control group in rats with functional mandibular deviation at 14-28 days after model establishment. These results indicated that after the mandible functional lateral deviation in adolescent rats, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was different in bilateral condylar cartilage, caused the alterations in osteoblast activity in cartilage, and possibly affected the normal growth and development of rat mandible, suggesting that functional mandibular deviation should be corrected as early as possible.

AIM: To observe the humoral immune response in adult rhesus monkey induced by A? 1-15 vaccine. METHODS: 5 adult male rhesus monkeys were injected intramuscularly with A? 1-15 vac cine at baseline and at week 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22. The titer and IgG isotypes of the antibody against A? 1-42 in the serum were measured with ELISA. The specificity of the antibody against A? 1-42 was determined by Wester n blotting. The A? plaques in Tg2576 transgenic mouse brain were stained with t he antisera using immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS: At the eighth week after the vaccination, antibody against A? 1-42 bega n to develop significantly i n the serum. The titers of the antibody increased following vaccine boosted and reached 1: 3 840 at the twenty-fourth week, then decreased after the terminat ion o f inocunation. The IgG1 was accounted for the highest level in the antisera pool . The antibody against A? 1-42 showed high specificity. The A? plaques in Tg2576 transgenic mouse brain were labeled with the antisera. CONCLUSION: A? 1-15 vacci ne could induce vigorously specific humoral immune responses in adult rhesus mon key.

AIM: To clarify if TA9901, a natural antioxidants, could inhibit the formation of ?-amyloid(A?) fibril when A? 1-40 were injected into cerebral cortex of rat brain, and explore the mechanism of action of TA9901 on Alzheimer disesse. METHODS: Twelve Wistar rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided into four groups ( n=3 ). (1) control group; (2) TA9901 treatment group (ip. 100 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ); (3) Vitamin E(VE) treatment group (ip. 100 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ); (4) PBS group. 5 ?L 0.2% A? 1-40 was immediately injected into the right side of the deep cerebral cortex of control, TA9901 and VE group rats. The animals were sacrificed at the seventh day after the injection. The sections of the rat brain that contained the injected field were examined with transmission electron microscopy and Congo red staining with polarized microscopy. RESULTS: Many depositions of high electron density were observed by electron microscopy in the field where A? 1-40 was injected. They are intimately intermingled with macrophages and astrocytes. In the field, about 10nm fibrillar structures were observed that appeared similar to the fibrils seen in senile plaque (SP) of the brain of Alzheimer disease (AD). The fields in control and VE group contained richer A? fibrils than that in TA9901 group. After the sections stained with Congo red, A? 1-40 aggregation demonstrated intense birefringence under, indication the formation of amyloid fibrils. In TA9901 group, there was a weak birefringence.CONCLUSIONS: TA9901 can inhibit the fibril formation of A? that was injected into deep cerebral cortex of rat brain, this indicates primarily that TA9901 may be a potential therapeutic drug to interfere with the progression of amyloidgenesis in AD.