Interventional radiology is a new and developing subject, and a good grasp of imaging knowledge, skilled manipulation and plenty of clinical experience are essential for physicians who are engaged in this special field. For this reason, all interventional physicians should make great efforts to unceasingly improve their theoretical levels and practical abilities. Many interventional physicians who used to be the diagnostic radiologists have solid foundation of medical imaging as well as rich manipulation ability.Nevertheless, what they usually lack is the special clinical knowledge, they are short of relevant clinical ability to confidently deal with the interventional perioperative events. The interventional perioperative performance is an important component of interventional therapy. Standard interventional preoperative preparations can effectively reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications and scientific postoperative managements will help obtain an optimal result.

Objective To establish carotid artery bifurcation aneurysm in canine, and to clarify whether specific hemodynamic insult in combination with arterial wall degeneration will lead to the occurrence and development of aneurysms. Methods New bifurcation aneurysm model of common carotid artery (CCA) was successfully established in 18 dogs, which were randomly divided into the elastase-treated bifurcation group (EBG,n=9) and the control bifurcation group (CBG,n=9). Three dogs were treated with elastase insult to both straight sections of CCA and were used as elastase-treated straight section group (ESG,n=3). Angiographic and hemodynamic analysis was conducted immediately after the operation, as well as 12 and 24 weeks after the operation. Histopathological examination was performed 12 and 24 weeks after the operation. Results Angiography showed that new aneurysm (mean diameter 3.2 ±0.4 mm) was formed at the apex of CCA bifurcation in 5 dog models of EBG group, while no new aneurysm was observed in both CBG and ESG groups. In EBG group, no rupture of the new aneurysm occurred during the follow-up period. Histological analysis revealed that in EBG group the inner elastic lamina was discontinued, the elastic fiber was disrupted, the muscle layer became thinned, the smooth muscle cells were reduced, and the inflammatory cell (macrophage) infiltration as well as the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were increased;these changes were statistically significant when compared with those in CBG group and ESG group (P<0.001). Postoperative hemodynamic analysis indicated that in EBG group the wall shear stress at the apex of CCA bifurcation was reduced, the blood flow velocity was decreased, with the relative and total pressure being the highest;all the above changes returned to normal after arterial wall remodeling. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the arterial wall degeneration and the hemodynamic effect at the apex of CCA bifurcation can lead to new aneurysm formation in canine model.

To promote the combination of basic medical education and clinic medical edu-cation,we carried out the exploration on stomatological human anatomy course linked up with imi-tative oral clinic teaching.The evaluation to the effect of the teaching methods showed that it could induce the stomatological students to apply the theory to the clinic practice,consolidate their mas-tery and understanding of stomatological human anatomy and train their ability to acquire knowledge actively.

Objective To explore the application of ROC curve analysis in evaluating the virtual screening of ?-secretase (BACE-1) inhibitors.Methods Virtual screening were performed for BACE-1 inhibitors using different scoring functions (Surflex-score,D-score,G-score,PMF-score,ChemScore),the screening library was composed of 50 BACE-1 inhibitors and 9 950 inactive compounds.Five scoring functions were used for ranking,and application of ROC curve analysis in evaluating the results of ranking.Results Using D-score to rank the database,the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.935.If specificity was considered primarily,more active compound were obtained by Surflex-score;if sensitivity was considered primarily,more active compounds were obtained by D-score.Conclusions ROC curve consists of sensitivity and specificity together,it can be used to set the right threshold after virtual screening to obtain active compounds as many as possible.

Objective To provide anatomic basis for sensation restoratiou of distally based island flap pedicled with nutrient vessels of superficial peroneal nerve by use of lateral sural cutaneous nerve. Methods The origin, course and distribution rule of lateral part sensory nerve of leg were dissected and observed in 40 antisepticized adult cadaveric limbs. Results ①Lateral sural cutaneous nerve originated from common peroneal nerve 7cm above apex of fibular head, descended short distance along common peroneal nerve, then passed through pepliteal fascia to facies lateralis cruris,along the way it sent out 1-3 terminal branches, which distributed over the skin of Ⅰ , Ⅱ area in the posterior lateral leg. ②Superficial peroneal nerve originated from common peroneal nerve 1.9cm below apex of fibular head, descended forward between peroneus longus and fibula, then descended between peroneus longus and peroneus brevis, and sent out branches to the two muscles. The nerve bole (pure sensory nerve branch) descended straight between peroneus brevis and anterior cmral intermuscular septum, at the juncture between Ⅱ、Ⅲ area in facies lateralis eruris, passed through deep fascia to subcutaneous tissue, then sent out medial dorsal cutaneous nerve of foot and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve of foot, which distributed over the skin of dorsum of foot and Ⅲ area in facies lateralis cmris. Conclusion It may be available in sensation restoration of distally based island flap pedicled with nutrient vessels of superficial peroneal nerve through anastomosis of lateral sural cutaneous nerve bole with sensory nervous ramification of recipient site.

AIM: To investigate the mechanism by which TA9902 inhibits the formation of amyloid ?-peptide (A?) fibrils. METHODS: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the secondary structure changes on aging A? in vitro. RESULTS: The content of ?-pleated sheet were 46.53% in the condition of A? aged alone for 30 min. When A? aged alone for 72 h, the content of ?-pleated sheet increased about 19.4% and produced a shift of random coil toward ?-pleated sheet. TA9902 induced a significant decrease in the content of ?-pleated sheet (36.09%). CONCLUSION: TA9902 effectively diminishes the ?-pleated structural content. The effect of TA9902 on the secondary structure of aged A? is associated with inhibition of A? aggregation and fibril formation.

AIM:To gain the molecular mechanism of active ingredients of EGb 761(ginkgo flavones and ginkgo lides) for the inhibition against A?_(1-42) aggregation and fibrogenesis.METHODS:Circular dichroism spectra(CD) and FI-IR were used to curve-fit and analyze the change in A?_(1-42) second structure under A? aged condition and intervention of ginkgo flavones and ginkgo lides.RESULTS:Analysis that was made of 1700-1600 m(-1) amide-Ⅰ-band and curve fitting indicated that after 30 min to 72-incubation,increase of ?-sheet in A?_(1-42) by(18.5%),but the reduction of ?-sheet by(50.95%) and(36.09%) in 72 h incubation with ginko flavones and ginkgo lides,respectively.And increase of ?-turn by(56.56%) and(46.56%) in sane condition.CONCLUSION:Obviously,?-sheet turned into ?-turn.-CH_2 and-CH groups of ketones and alkanes engaged in A?_(1-42) molecular change.

Objective To study the effect of functional mandible shift on mandible development in pubertal rats.Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats at the age of 28 d were randomly divided into experimental group (n=24) and control group (n=24).Maxillary occlusal splints were designed to simulate mandible shift in experimental group.Six rats in each group were killed after 7,14,21,and 28 days,respectively.Right and left mandibles were removed for X-ray radiography and localizing points.Distance between the points was measured with an image analyzer.Results Fourteen days from experiment,the length parameters of the non-shifted mandible(Cd-Me,Co-Me,Go-Me)were significantly higher than those of the shifted mandible length in rats of experimental group(P

Objective To study whether inoculating complete or C terminal fragment of A? 42 vaccine could induce normal rats to produce high titer of antibody against A? 42 or not. Methods The COOH\|terminals(36\|42) of beta\|Amyloid 42 were coupled with different carriers to construct subunit vaccine,which been inoculated in normal SD rats sa did the complete beta\|Amyloid 42.Antibodies against A? 42 of the serum and supernatant of homogenated brain were assessed by Western blottting and indirect ELISA.The morphology of brain,liver,spleen and kidney were observed in paraffin section by HE staining. Results After the second inoculation finished,all experiment groups began to develop antibody against A? 42 ,and the titer raising with inoculating times.After four inoculations,The titers of antibody against A? 42 in every experiment group were over than 1∶10?000.Meantime,low titer of antibody against A? 42 could also be assessed in supernatant of homogenated brain.No morphological damages could be detected in the brain,liver,spleen and kidney of the experiment animals.Conclusion\ Normal SD rats can be induced to develop high titer of antibody against A? 42 after inoculating A? 36\|42 vaccine and A? 1\|42 vaccine.There were no morphological damages in several important organs.\;[

BACKGROUND: The neurons in the medial septum (MS), vertical and horizontal limbs of diagonal band of Broca (vDB and hDB) in the basal forebrain contain rich androgen receptors (ARs) and estrogen receptors (ERs) by which androgen and estrogen can act dramatically on the neurons in the basal forebrain, subsequently affecting learning and memory processes.OBJECTIVE: To qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the effects of androgen replacement therapy on the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-positive and nestin-positive neurons in the MS, vDB and hDB of castrated adult male rats.DESIGN: A randomly controlled study on experimental animals.SETTING: Department of Anatomy and Brain Research Laboratory of Zhngshan Medical College of Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed at Department of Anatomy and Brain Research Laboratory of Zhongshan Medical College of Sun Yatsen University from June 2001 to June 2002. Totally twenty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups with seven rats in each group: androgen replacement therapy for 4 weeks following 24 hours of castration (ART1), androgen replacement therapy for 2 weeks following 2 weeks of castration (ART2), vehicle replacement therapy for 4weeks following 24 hours of castration (VRT), sham-operated group (Sham).INTERVENTIONS: ① ART1 group: The castrated rats received subcutaneous injection of testosterone proprionate (25 mg/kg) dissolved in 100 μL of sterile sesame oil every other day from 10:30 am to 11:00 am for 14 times (4 weeks). ② ART2 group: The castrated rats received subcutaneous injection of testosterone proprionate with the same dosage and method as ART1 group for 7 times (2 weeks). ③ The rats in VRT group received subcutaneous injection of 100μL of sterile sesame oil for 14 times (4 weeks) by the same regime as described above. ④ Rats in Sham group only received sham-operated treatments, and testes were intact and lived for 4 weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphology and counts of NOS-positive and nestin-positive neurons were observed in the MS, vDB and hDB with immunohistochemical method at various time points.RESULTS: Data of totally 28 rats were involved in the final analyses. ①Morphological features of both NOS-positive and nestin-positive neurons in the MS, vDB and hDB were not significantly changed among four groups. ② The number of NOS-positive and nestin-positive neurons in the MS and vDB of VRT group were significantly higher than those of Sham group (P＜ 0.05 or 0.01), whereas the numbers of the NOS-positive and nestin-posi-tive neurons in the MS and vDB of ART1 and ART2 groups was significantly lower than those of VRT group (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01), which nearly reached the levels of sham group (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Androgen replacement therapy produces no significant effects on the morphological features of NOS-positive and nestin-positive neurons, but the therapy can selectively decrease the numbers of NOS-positive and nestin-positive neurons in different subregions of the basal forebrain, which may be closely related to androgen downregulation of expressions of NOS and nestin by ARs-mediated mechanisms, thereby producing complex effects on learning and memory processes.