Objective To explore the influencing factors of routine blood test results in the laboratory ,to ensure the accuracy of test results .Methods The influence of the different area of drawing blood and different testing time after blood collection were ob-served .Results The leukocyte count ,red blood cell count ,hemoglobin level of finger blood were obviously higher than those of venous blood ,and the platelet count was lower than that of venous blood ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .≥6 h test specimens of blood platelet count was significantly lower ,compared to immediate detection and less than 6 h ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The improvement of the system ,operation specification ,improving the quality of samples are helpful to improve the accuracy of test results .

Objective To probe into the content of DNA Topo Ⅱ in osteosarcoma after chemotherapy.Methods 30 patients with osteosarcoma received two courses of chemotherapy treatment before the surgical resection of the tumor tissue.Then immunohistochemistry was used to detect the content of Topo Ⅱ in tissues and detected its relationship in pathology.Results There were 8 out of 30 cases in which Topo Ⅱ was presented positive in osteosarcoma (26.7 ％).The protein content of Topo Ⅱ was unrelated to the patient' s age,gender,degree of tumor malignancy,tumor location and translocation or Enneking staging (P ＞ 0.05),but related to patients survival rate (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Patients with lower expression of Topo Ⅱ are more likely to have poor prognosis.

[ ABSTRACT ] AIM: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of bone morphogenetic protein 3 (BMP3) in hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues.METHODS: Thirty cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma specimens were col-lected.The expression of BMP3 at mRNA and protein levels in the tumor tissues and paracancerous tissues was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot.The hilar cholangiocarcinoma paraffin-embedded specimens (n=103) were collected. The protein expression of BMP3 was determined by immunohistochemical method, and the relationship of BMP3 protein ex-pression with clinical pathological characteristics was evaluated.RESULTS:In the 30 patients with hilar cholangiocarcino-ma, the expressions of BMP3 protein and mRNA in 22 cases of tumor tissues were significantly decreased compared with the adjacent normal tissues.The results of immunohistochemistry showed that 87 cases were negative and 16 cases were weakly positive in all 103 cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.The expression of BMP3 protein was associated with the tumor TNM staging, lymph node metastasis and tumor differentiation (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:BMP3 gene might be inhibited in human hilar cholangiocarcinoma.The down-regulation of BMP3 gene might be associated with the carcinogenesis and devel-opment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effects of microRNA145 ( miRNA145 ) on the viability, apoptosis, inva-sion and metastasis of hepatoma HepG2 cells.METHODS: HepG2 cells were randomly allocated into 3 groups: blank control group, empty mimic transfected group and miRNA145 mimic transfected group.Under the induction of Lipofectami-neTM 2000, the recombinant was transfected into HepG2 cells.After transfection, the expression level of miRNA145 was detected by real-time PCR.The protein level of N-cadherin and the mRNA expression levels of miRNA145 and N-cadherin were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR.The cell viability was detected by MTS assay.The cell cycle and apopto-sis were analyzed by flow cytometry.Invasion and metastasis were detected by Transwell assay.RESULTS:Compared with negative control, miRNA145 expression was up-regulated significantly, while the expression of N-cadherin was down-regu-lated significantly.Meanwhile, the cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis of hepatoma HepG2 cells were all significantly inhibited (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:miRNA145 dramatically inhibits viability, apoptosis, inva-sion and metastasis of hepatoma cells.

Objective:To elucidate the etiological and epidemiological characteristics and epidemiological patterns of viral acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Shanghai during 2023, with the aim of providing robust laboratory evidence for effective prevention and control strategies against related respiratory diseases and facilitating risk assessment.Methods:Respiratory pathogens were detected in the clinical surveillance specimens submitted by sentinel hospitals through multiplex PCR, as part of the multi-pathogen surveillance of acute respiratory infections in Shanghai during 2023. The obtained detection result were statistically analyzed in conjunction with sample information.Results:The positive detection rate of viral pathogens in 2023 was 21.17% (984/4 648), with rates of 33.53% (504/1 503) observed in ILI cases and 15.62% (480/3 145) in SARI cases. Influenza A virus (FluA) was the predominant virus detected, accounting for 13.7% (637/4 648). Other viruses identified in the surveillance samples included influenza B virus (Flu B), human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/HEV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), adenovirus (ADV) and human bocavirus (HBoV). Regarding temporal distribution, HRV/HEV and RSV exhibited the highest detection rates during the second quarter at 2.27% each (28/1 236). PIV had its peak during the third quarter at a rate of 2.49% (35/1 405), and HMPV showed prevalence mainly during the third and fourth quarters, with detection rates of 2.63% (37/1 405) and 2.35% (32/1 360), respectively.Conclusions:In acute respiratory infection surveillance cases in Shanghai in 2023, Flu A emerged as the predominant respiratory pathogen. The detection rate of HMPV ranked second only to Flu A, while other respiratory viruses such as HRV/HEV, RSV, and PIV were detected during different seasons and co-circulated. The prevalence of various respiratory viruses varied among different infected populations and over times.

Objective:To study the infection status and epidemiological characteristics of parainfluenza virus (PIV) in acute respiratory tract infection adult cases in Shanghai from 2015 to 2021, and to provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling PIV.Methods:Acute respiratory tract infections were collected from 13 hospitals in Shanghai from 2015 to 2021. Relevant information was registered, and respiratory specimens were sampled to detect respiratory pathogens by multiplex PCR.Results:A total of 5 104 adult acute respiratory tract infection cases were included; the overall positive rate of the respiratory pathogens was 29.37% (1 499/5 104). The positive rate of PIV was 2.61% (133/5 104), compared with 2.32% (55/2 369) and 2.85% (78/2 735) in influenza-like cases (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases, respectively. Among them, PIV3 accounted for the highest proportion (62.41%, 83/133), followed by PIV1 (18.80%, 25/133), PIV2 (9.77%, 13/133), and PIV4 (9.02%, 12/133). The incidence of PIV-positive cases was mainly distributed in the first and second quarters, accounting for 62.41% (83/133). The difference in the incidence in each quarter was significant ( χ2=24.78, P<0.001). Mixed infection accounted for 18.80% (25/133) of 133 PIV-positive cases, the mixed infection rates of ILI and SARI were 18.18% (10/55) and 19.23% (15/78), respectively, and the main mixed pathogen of PIV was coronavirus 229E. Conclusions:There are a certain proportion of PIV-positive acute respiratory tract infection cases in Shanghai. It is necessary to strengthen the etiological surveillance in acute respiratory tract infection cases, especially the mixed infection of PIV and other pathogens.

In recent years， the increasing scale and scope of public health emergencies have brought serious challenges to China's health emergency system. It is in urgent need to develop the existing health emergency system toward the goal of multi-industry， multi-discipline， multi-professional and multi-regional， while the concept of standardization is essential to achieve this goal. This article describes the construction process of health emergency standardization system by the World Health Organization， the International Organization for Standardization， the United States， and China； analyzes the problems of China's health emergency standardization system by comparing the system between China and the United States， proposes the construction dimensions of China's health emergency standard system， and suggests development strategies targeting the shortcomings of China's health emergency standardization.

Objective:To analyze the changes in the epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever cases in Shanghai City before and after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to provide a reference for scientific prevention and control of scarlet fever.Methods:The information of scarlet fever reported cases in Shanghai City from January 2016 to June 2021 in the information system of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control was collected, and the differences in time trend, regional distribution, age and gender distribution of cases before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 in Shanghai City were analyzed by descriptive epidemiologic method.Results:The incidence rate of scarlet fever reported in 2016-2019 was (0.22-4.02)/100 000 in each month, with a median of 1.13/100 000. During January 2020 (the outbreak began in Shanghai City) and June 2021, the incidence rate of scarlet fever was (0.01-1.64)/100 000, with a median of 0.14/100 000, which was 12.39% of that before the outbreak of COVID-19. During February and June 2020, the monthly reported incidence rate of scarlet fever was (0.18-0.58)/100 000, showing an upward trend compared with the same period in 2020 ((0.01-0.05)/100 000). From 2016 to 2019, the annual reported incidence rate of each district was (0.55-65.48)/100 000, with a median of 9.57/100 000; while in 2020, the annual reported incidence rate of each district was (0.29-9.85)/100 000, with a median of 2.18/100 000, which was 22.78% of that before the outbreak of COVID-19. The incidence of scarlet fever dropped significantly. The incidence rate in Minhang District was still the highest. The cases were mainly four to eight years old, and there was no substantial difference of the proportions before and after COVID-19 pandemic, with the incidence rate of six years old group the highest. The proportion of male was more than female in reported case, while the male ratio in reported cases was not significantly different before and after COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusions:The incidence rate of scarlet fever in Shanghai City has dropped sharply after COVID-19 pandemic. The main epidemiological characteristics of the regional and population distribution of cases remain unchanged.

Objective:To analyze the features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) co-infected with other common respiratory pathogens among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Shanghai City, and to provide a reference for scientific prevention and control of COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases.Methods:Descriptive epidemiological approaches were used to analyze the data of COVID-19 reported cases in Shanghai City from January 2020 to February 2021 in the information system of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control. Clinical data of the participants were collected, and their SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid-positive respiratory specimens were collected at the time of illness onset or admission. Multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the 22 respiratory pathogens. Independent-samples t test was used for statistical analysis. Results:Of the 272 patients with COVID-19, 15(5.5%) had co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory pathogens, all of which were double infection. There were three cases infected with enterovirus/rhinovirus, two of each with adenovirus, human metapneumovirus and coronavirus NL63/HKU1, and one of each with coronavirus 229E, influenza A virus H1N1, parainfluenza virus 1 and respiratory syncytial virus B. Two cases infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Among the 272 COVID-19 patients, 212(77.9%) had fever, 117(43.0%) had cough, 46(16.9%) had fatigue, and 35(12.9%) had sore throat. The white blood cell count of co-infection cases was higher than that of non-co-infection cases ((6.8±1.7)×10 9/L vs (5.3±1.6)×10 9/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.09, P=0.008). Conclusions:There is a certain proportion of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory pathogens among the COVID-19 cases in Shanghai City, mainly viral pathogens, especially enterovirus/rhinovirus. A rational combination of drugs was recommended to improve the cure rate. Surveillance of acute respiratory infection should be further strengthened as well.

Objective To investigate the expressions of Krüppel like factor 5 (KLF5) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11a (TNFRSF11a) in cervical cancer tissues and their effect on proliferation,migration,and invasion of HeLa cells. Methods Microarray technology was used to detect the mRNA expression of gene in cytocine stimulusin cervical tissues,and the result was verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expressions of KLF5 and TNFRSF11a in cervical tissues were detected by double immunofluorescence staining. HeLa cells were transfected with specific small interfering RNA to knock down the endogenous TNFRSF11a and KLF5 and were infected with adenovirus containing KLF5 to over-express KLF5,respectively. Protein level was detected by Western blot. The regulatory effect of KLF5 on candidate target gene (TNFRSF11a) was determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The activity of the cell proliferation,migration,and invasion was detected by using cell counting kit-8 assay and Transwell assay. Results The results of microarray technology showed that the expressions of KLF5 and TNFRSF11a were significantly higher in cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared with normal cervical tissues (P=0.002,P=0.045),and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that the mRNA expressions of KLF5 and TNFRSF11a were significantly higher in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅰ,CINⅡ-Ⅲ and cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared with normal cervical tissues (KLF5:F=32.79,P=0.018,P=0.014,and P=0.011;TNFRSF11a:F=36.72,P=0.013,P=0.010,and P=0.009) and double immunofluorescence staining showed that the protein expressions of KLF5 and TNFRSF11a were significantly higher in CIN Ⅰ,CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ and cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared with normal cervical tissues (KLF5:F=42.38,P=0.014,P=0.008,and P=0.002;TNFRSF11a:F=35.42,P=0.021,P=0.012,and P=0.004) and increased with the carcinogenesis. The experiment in vitro confirmed that KLF5 promotes proliferation,migration,and invasion of HeLa by up-regulating TNFRSF11a expression. Clinical analysis showed that the expression of TNFRSF11a mRNA was positively correlated with tumor pathological grading,clinical stage,depth of invasion,and lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05). Conclusion KLF5 and TNFRSF11a are related to cervical cancer. KLF5 promote the proliferation,migration,and invasion of cervical cancer cells partly by upregulating the transcription of TNFRSF11a.