Objective To observe the effect of Yuhonggao on proliferation and differentiation of epidermal stem cells and investigate the mechanism of promoting wound healing. Methods The whole layer skin defection rat was used and randomly divided into 3 groups:Yuhonggao group,Jingwanhong group,model group,with normal rats as control. The condition of skin wound surface and healing time were observed and recorded,and then draw the wound skin. The p63 and?1 integrin expression,the marker of epidermal stem cells,were measured and compared by immunohistochemistry staining. Results Average wound healing time hadn’t significant difference between the Yuhonggao group (13.5? 0.9)d and Jingwanhong group (12.6?0.9)d,which were better than model group (P

Objective To discuss difference of Yinhuang medicinal broth and its membrane fraction from macroscopic quality,provide reasonable experimental basis for membrane system.Methods Method of infrared spectral analysis was used to compare absorption peak position,peak intensity,correlation coefficient of spectrogram of Yinhuang medicinal broth and membrane fraction,judge separation efficiency by overall analysis the spectrogram.Results There was a lots of same peak position at Yinhuang medicinal broth and final membrane fraction.Their coefficient correlation was 0.832 7.Conclusion After impurity removal and concentration by two kind of membrane,Yinhuang medicinal broth lose a little ingredient, so the selection of membrane system is reasonable.

Objective To discuss the probability of extracting the effective part of Yinhuang prescription with membrane separation method. Methods To extract and concentrate Yinhuang decoction with amb-class UF and first class NF, baicalin and chlorogenic acid were detected with HPLC, and polysaccharide with anthrone agent colorimetry. Results The content of polysaccharide in final membrane fraction was 3.41 mg/mL. The diversion ratio of baicalin and chlorogenic acid from primal decoction was 77.24%, 79.02%. Conclusion The effective part of Yinhuang decoction can be extracted with membrane separation method. Multiple active components including polysaccharide were retained and the method is simple.

BACKGROUND: Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) are of importance in the wound repair. Explaining the mechanism thatChinese herb speeds up the regeneration of injured skin from the angle of inducing stem cells deserves to be studied. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Yuhong ointment on the proliferation and differentiation of ESCs during ratwound healing. DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING: Department of Pharmacology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. MATERIALS: This study was carried out in the Department of Pharmacology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy ofChinese Medical Sciences between July and September 2006. Totally 114 healthy Wistar male adult rats, of cleangrade, weighing 180-210 g, were provided by the Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Basic Theory of TraditionalChinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences were enrolled in this study. The processing ofanimals corresponded to the standard of Animal Ethics. Yuhong ointment was purchased from the PharmaceuticalCenter, Guanganmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (Lot No. 20020110). Jingwanhong wasthe product of Tianjin Darentang Da'er Pharmcaceutical Co., Ltd (Lot No. Z12020440). METHODS: The 114 rats were completely randomly chosen and divided into 3 groups with 36 in each: Yuhongointment group, Jingwanhong group and model group, and the left 6 rats were involved as normal control group. Ratsin the normal control group were raised routinely, and no intervention was carried out. Immediately after beingmodeled, rats in the Yuhong ointment group were spread with Yuhong ointment, 0.1 g each wound, rats in theJingwanhong group were spread with Jingwanhong, 0.1 g each wound. Dressing change was daily carried out twice regularly until wound healing; The wounds of rats in the model group were untouched. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: On the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th and 21st days after modeling, wound healing time of rats in eachgroup was recorded, and integrinβ1 absorbance and transcription factor p63 positive cell amount were compared. RESULTS: Totally 114 rats were involved in the final analysis.① Wound healing time of rats in the Yuhong ointmentgroup and Jingwanhong group was significantly shorter than that in the model group, respectively (P ＜ 0.05). ② Integrinβ1 absorbance and transcription factor p63 positive cell amount of modeled rats in the Yuhong ointmentgroup, Jingwanhong group and model group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group, respectively (P ＜ 0.05); The above-mentioned two indexes in the Yuhong ointment group and Jingwanhong groupreached the peak on the 7th day, which was earlier than peak time in the model group, and peaked intensity of twoindexes was significantly higher than that in the model group, separately (P ＜ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Yuhong ointment can promote rat wound healing, which may be associated with Yuhong ointmentinducing the proliferation and differentiation of ESCS left in the wound edge.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of two treating principles and formulas, which are named 'invigorating spleen to remove phlem and promoting blood circulation to remove meridian obstruction' (Jianpi) and 'invigorate the kidney and promoting blood circulation to remove meridian obstruction' (Bushen), on the expression of osteogenic factors in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH), such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and Smads, as well as to explore and compare their mechanisms of prevention and treatment of SONFH.

METHODAnimal model of SONFH was established by injection with methylprednisolone in chest muscle on chickens. 48 SONFH chickens were randomly assigned to model, Jianpi and Bushen group. Another 16 normal chickens served as control group. At the 8th and 16th week, the expression of BMP2, TGFbeta1, Smad4 and Smad7 of bilateral femoral heads were detected with immunohistochemistry.

RESULTThe expression of BMP2, TGFbeta1 and Smad4 decreased, and Smad7 increased significantly in model group compared with control group. The expression of BMP2, TGFbeta1, Smad4 increased and Smad7 decreased significantly in Jianpi group at the 8th week compared with model group, and the same changes in Bushen group at the 16th week.

CONCLUSIONBoth Jianpi and Bushen formulas exerted preventive and therapeutic activity on SONFH through regulating the expression of BMP2, TGFbeta1, Smad4 and Smad7 to promote bone repair. Notably Jianpi formula took effect earlier than Bushen formula

Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; metabolism ; Chickens ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Femur Head Necrosis ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Methylprednisolone ; Osteogenesis ; drug effects ; Random Allocation ; Smad4 Protein ; metabolism ; Smad7 Protein ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective:To analyze the changes in the epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever cases in Shanghai City before and after the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and to provide a reference for scientific prevention and control of scarlet fever.Methods:The information of scarlet fever reported cases in Shanghai City from January 2016 to June 2021 in the information system of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control was collected, and the differences in time trend, regional distribution, age and gender distribution of cases before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 in Shanghai City were analyzed by descriptive epidemiologic method.Results:The incidence rate of scarlet fever reported in 2016-2019 was (0.22-4.02)/100 000 in each month, with a median of 1.13/100 000. During January 2020 (the outbreak began in Shanghai City) and June 2021, the incidence rate of scarlet fever was (0.01-1.64)/100 000, with a median of 0.14/100 000, which was 12.39% of that before the outbreak of COVID-19. During February and June 2020, the monthly reported incidence rate of scarlet fever was (0.18-0.58)/100 000, showing an upward trend compared with the same period in 2020 ((0.01-0.05)/100 000). From 2016 to 2019, the annual reported incidence rate of each district was (0.55-65.48)/100 000, with a median of 9.57/100 000; while in 2020, the annual reported incidence rate of each district was (0.29-9.85)/100 000, with a median of 2.18/100 000, which was 22.78% of that before the outbreak of COVID-19. The incidence of scarlet fever dropped significantly. The incidence rate in Minhang District was still the highest. The cases were mainly four to eight years old, and there was no substantial difference of the proportions before and after COVID-19 pandemic, with the incidence rate of six years old group the highest. The proportion of male was more than female in reported case, while the male ratio in reported cases was not significantly different before and after COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusions:The incidence rate of scarlet fever in Shanghai City has dropped sharply after COVID-19 pandemic. The main epidemiological characteristics of the regional and population distribution of cases remain unchanged.

Objective:To analyze the features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) co-infected with other common respiratory pathogens among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Shanghai City, and to provide a reference for scientific prevention and control of COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases.Methods:Descriptive epidemiological approaches were used to analyze the data of COVID-19 reported cases in Shanghai City from January 2020 to February 2021 in the information system of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control. Clinical data of the participants were collected, and their SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid-positive respiratory specimens were collected at the time of illness onset or admission. Multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the 22 respiratory pathogens. Independent-samples t test was used for statistical analysis. Results:Of the 272 patients with COVID-19, 15(5.5%) had co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory pathogens, all of which were double infection. There were three cases infected with enterovirus/rhinovirus, two of each with adenovirus, human metapneumovirus and coronavirus NL63/HKU1, and one of each with coronavirus 229E, influenza A virus H1N1, parainfluenza virus 1 and respiratory syncytial virus B. Two cases infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Among the 272 COVID-19 patients, 212(77.9%) had fever, 117(43.0%) had cough, 46(16.9%) had fatigue, and 35(12.9%) had sore throat. The white blood cell count of co-infection cases was higher than that of non-co-infection cases ((6.8±1.7)×10 9/L vs (5.3±1.6)×10 9/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.09, P=0.008). Conclusions:There is a certain proportion of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory pathogens among the COVID-19 cases in Shanghai City, mainly viral pathogens, especially enterovirus/rhinovirus. A rational combination of drugs was recommended to improve the cure rate. Surveillance of acute respiratory infection should be further strengthened as well.

Objective: To analyze the etiologic and epidemiological characteristics of adult acute respiratory infections in Shanghai during 2015-2017. Methods: Data was collected from outpatients with acute respiratory infections who visited the Fever Clinics in three hospitals of different levels in three administrative regions of Shanghai, from 2015 to 2017. Basic information and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from cases in line with the inclusion criteria. Multiplex RT-PCR and bacterial cultures were performed to detect the respiratory pathogens. Results: A total of 806 individuals were enrolled from 2015 to 2017. Respiratory pathogens were identified in 73.45% (592/806) of the cases, with the virus detection rate as 66.75% (538/806). It was found that the major respiratory pathogens for virus detection were influenza A in 326 (40.45%), influenza B in 116 (14.39%), rhinovirus/enterovirus in 39 (4.84%) of the cases. The overall detection rate of bacteria was 16.13% (130/806), including Klebsiella pneumoniae in 90 (11.17%) cases, Staphylococcus Aureus in 46 (5.71%) cases. Other kind of bacteria were not detected in our study. The detection rates on Mycoplasma pneumoniae was 5.33% (43/806) and on Chlamydia pneumonia was 0.37% (3/806). Co-infection with multiple pathogens was detected in 18.61% (150/806) of the cases, including 135 with double infection (accounting for 90.00%), 14 with triple infection and 1 with quadruple infection (accounted for 9.33% and 0.67%, respectively). Among the 150 cases with co-infections, the main identified pathogens were influenza A, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pathogens of acute respiratory infections that identified among the outpatients from the Fever Clinics at different time, region or population, the characteristics were different (P<0.001). Conclusions In 2015-2017, outpatients with acute respiratory infections in Shanghai were mainly caused by influenza virus or other viruses, however dynamically with its composition, time, region and characteristics of the population. It is necessary to strengthen and combine related medical and preventive services and to develop the appropriate strategies regarding clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To understand the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of hospitalized severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Shanghai, China. Methods: From 2015 to 2017, one Tertiary hospital and one Secondary hospital were chosen as the surveillance sites. Two respiratory tract specimens per case were collected from SARI cases aged 15 years and older. One specimen was tested for 22 respiratory pathogens by RT-PCR, and the other specimen was cultured for 6 respiratory bacteria. Results: A total of 287 SARI cases were enrolled for sampling and lab testing. 70.73% of the cases were aged 60 years and older, with 41.46% (119/287) were positive for at least one pathogen. Influenza virus was the predominant pathogen, accounting for 17.77% (51/287) of all SARI cases. Human rhinovirus/Enterovirus and Coronavirus were both accounting for 7.32% (21/287), followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (5.57%, 16/287). The positive rates of parainfluenza virus, bocavirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumo virus were all less than 5%. Bacterial strains were identified in seven SARI cases, including Klebsiella pneumoniae (3 strains), Staphylococcus aureus (2 strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1 strain) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1 strain). Two or Three pathogens were co-detected from 40 cases, accounting for 33.61% of 119 positive cases. The most common co-detected pathogens were influenza virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (10 cases). Influenza cases peaked in winter-spring and summer. Mycoplasma pneumoniae peaked in winter-spring season and overlapped with influenza. The positive rates of pathogens were not significantly different between different age groups. Conclusions Various respiratory pathogens can be detected from SARI cases aged 15 years and older. Influenza virus was the predominant pathogen and the co-detection of influenza virus with Mycoplasma pneumoniae the most common one.