Objective To investigate the expressions of metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)in serum,brain and aorta matrix and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) in renovascular hypertensive rats(RHR),and to evaluate the association between blood pressure and levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1).Methods Eighty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into RHR group(n=40) and sham-operated group(n=40).Hypertension was induced by two-kidney,two-clip(2K-2C)clamps.Systolic blood pressure(SBP) was measured every 2 weeks during 12 weeks using a tail pressure meter.Stroke was confirmed by Longa's five-point scale and pathological examination.The expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the brain and aorta tissues were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.The levels of serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were measured by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(DAS-ELISA).Results Compared with the sham-operated group,SBP stayed significantly elevated in the RHR group at 2,4,6,8,10 and 12weeks after the operation [(157±9.0) vs.(128±7.0),(176±10.0) vs.(122±6.0),(194±8.0)vs.(117±6.5),(202±12.0)vs.(124±8.0),(218±15.0) vs.(126.±8.5),and(224±20.0)vs.(129.±9.0) mm Hg,all P< 0.05].12 weeks after the surgery,the level of serum MMP-9 in the RHR group was kept significantly higher than that in the sham-operated group [(783.4±109.79)vs.(573.4±109.59) ng/mL,P<0.05],and the serum TIMP-1 level was lower in the RHR group than that in the sham-operated group[(313.02±83.9) vs.(976.19±191.1) pg/mL,P<0.05].MMP-9 expressions were significantly higher in the brain and aorta in the RHR group than that in the sham-operated group(both P<0.05),and TIMP-1 expressions were lower than that in the sham-operated group(both P<0.05).The Pearson correlation analysis showed that MMP-9 levels in serum,brain and aorta were positively correlated with systolic blood pressure(r=0.557,r=0.774 and r=0.661,all P<0.05),and TIMP-1 levels were negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure(r=-0.481,r=-0.535 and r=-0.685,all P<0.01).Conclusions Hypertension induces increased MMP-9 and decreased TIMP-1 in serum,brain and aorta in renovascular hypertensive rats.There are consistent alterations of circulating and tissue MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels in renovascular hypertensive rats.There is a relationship between increased blood pressure and high MMP-9 and low TIMP-1 in serum and tissues.

Objective To investigate the relationship between apolipoprotein B (ApoB),apolipoprotein A Ⅰ (ApoA Ⅰ) and their ratios and intracranial cerebral atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods The patients with large artery atherosclerotic stroke were enrolled retrospectively.The patients were divided into either an ICAS group or a non-ICAS group based on their vascular imaging data.The blood pressure,blood lipids,blood glucose,ApoB,ApoA Ⅰ,and ApoB/ApoA Ⅰ ratios and demographic data were collected.The differences of the above indicators were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 360 patients with large artery atherosclerotic stroke were enrolled.There were 177 patients in the ICAS group (49.2％) and 183 in the non-ICAS group (50.8％).There were significant differences in the constituent ratios of the patients with hypertension,diabetes and coronary heart disease,as well as the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,ApoB and ApoA Ⅰ and ApoB/ApoA Ⅰ ratios between the 2 groups (all P ＜0.05).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 1.75,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.04-2.93; P =0.035),diabetes mellitus (OR 2.09,95％ CI 1.31-3.32; P =0.002),coronary heart disease (OR 2.68,95％ CI 1.09-6.57; P =0.031),ApoB ≥ 0.84 g/L (0.84-1.00 g/L:OR 2.68,95％ CI 1.30-5.56; 1.00-1.16 g/L:OR 3.95,95％ CI 1.87-8.40; ＞ 1.00 g/L:OR 6.41,95％ CI 2.82-14.49) and ApoB/ApoA Ⅰ ratio ≥0.60 (0.60-0.73:OR 1.92,95％ CI 1.14-3.24; 0.74-0.91:OR 1.79,95％ CI 1.06-3.02; ＞0.91:OR 3.30,95％ CI 1.92-5.67) were the independent risk factors for ICAS,while ApoA Ⅰ ＞ 1.28 g/L was an independent protective factor for ICAS (OR 0.39,95％ CI 0.16-0.98; P=0.044).Conclusions The increased ApoB level and ApoB/ApoA Ⅰ ratio are the independent risk factors for ICAS,and the increased ApoA Ⅰ level is an independent protective factor for ICAS in patients with acute ischemic stroke.The ApoB/ApoA Ⅰ ratio can be used as a biomarker of ICAS in patients with ischemic stroke in Chinese population.

Objective To investigate the association of cholecystectomy with non-alcoholic fatty liver.Methods The 1 10 adults treated by cholecystectomy,who underwent physical examination in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 201 1 to December 2013,were included in the study.None of the subjects had a history of viral hepatitis and alcohol abuse.All subjects under-went CT scanning and measurement of serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels to confirm the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver.Results Among the 110 subjects,42 (38.18%)had non-alcoholic fatty liver,including 28 males (45.90%)and 14 females (28.59%);78 (70.91%)had increased blood lipids,and 32 (29.09%)had normal blood lipids.Conclusion Cholecystectomy may be a risk factor for NAFLD.

Objective To know the effect of cold stress on the artery pressure and the concentration of IL-2, IL-10, IFN-?, TNF-? in the serum of the rabbits. Methods The local white rabbits of China (clean grade) were anesthetized. The mAP (mean artery pressure), mSP (mean systolic pressure), mDP (mean diastolic pressure) and the concentration of IL-2, IL-10, IFN-?, TNF-? were determined at 0 h, 0.25 h, 0.50 h, 0.75 h, 1.00 h, 1.50 h, 2.00 h, 3.00 h, 4.00 h and 6.00 h after cold stress. Results The mAP,mSP and mDP changed undulant with the delay of cold stress,but the whole tendency was descendent. The mAP,mSP and mDP went up to the peak at 1 h,however lower than control. The concentration of IL-2 increased then decreased with the delay of cold stress,the concentration of IL-10 went down then up and the concentration of TNF-?,IFN-? went down gradually. There was a strong correlation between IFN-? and TNF-? (r=0.983 0,P

Objective To explore the effect of picrodideⅡ on the expressions of Caspase-3 in brain tissue following cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in rats. Methods The middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion models were established with intraluminal thread methods in rats. Picrodide Ⅱ (10 mg/kg) was injected from tail vein for treatment. The neurological function was evaluated with Bederson's test. The brain structure was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE)stain and the apoptosis were counted by TUNEL immunofiuorescence assay. The expressions of Caspase-3 were detected with immunohistochemical and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results After ischemia for 2 h and reperfusion for 22 h, the rats showed neurological function deficit. The expressions of Caspase-3 and the number of apoptotic cells in brain tissue increased significantly than those in the sham operative group (P＜ 0.01). In picroside, the Bederson's scores, the expressions of Caspase-3 and the number of apoptosis cells were significantly lower than those in the negative control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Picroside Ⅱ might reduce the expressions of Caspase-3 to inhibit the neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and improve the neurological function of rats.

Objective To discuss the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of solidpseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPTP) in children. Methods Clinical data of 12 cases of SPTP admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital from Mar 2001 to Mar 2007 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Result There were 7 females and 5 males among the patients. The mean age was 13.6 years. The main symptoms were abdominal pain and mass. Tumors located in the head in 4 cases, in the body and tail of the pancreas in 8 cases. Five cases underwent tumor enucleations, one case underwent body resection of the pancreas, two cases underwent Whippple's procedure including one recurrent case, five cases underwent body and tail resection of the pancreas plus splenectomy. All these 12 cases were followed up for 6 months to 6 years. One case lost follow-up 6 months after body and tail resection of the pancreas plus spleneetomy. Another one suffered from live tumor one year after operation and refused surgical exploration and lost follow-up. The other 10 cases were still alive. Conclusion SPTP are predominantly seen in adolescent females. For its benign clinical behavior and relatively good prognosis, surgical resection is the main choice of therapy.

Objective To investigate the anti-oxidant effect and the possible mechanisms ofpicrodide II in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries in rats. Methods A total of 90 adult, healthy, mmale Wistar rats were used to established the middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R) models by intraluminal monofilament suture on the left external-internal carotid artery. The treatment group and the positive control group were respectively injected with 1.0％ picroside II (10 mg/kg, 250 μl) and salvianic acid A sodium (10 mg/kg, 250 μl) via the tail vein, and the negative control group and sham-surgery group were injected with 0.1mol/L phosphate buffer saline (PBS) 250 μl. The neurological deficit scores were evaluated with Bederson's test. The cerebral infarction volume was observed with tetrazolium (TTC) staining. The apoptosis positive cells were counted by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling and the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected with immunohistochemical assay.The concentration of iNOS and SOD proteins in brain tissue was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Neurological behavioral malfunction appeared in all the rats with MCAO/R. The infarction focuses emerged in the ischemic hemisphere following the MCAO/R injuries. The number of apoptotic cells and the expression of iNOS increased while the SOD reduced after MCAO/R. After the treatment of picrodide Ⅱ, the nervous behavioral function (1.28±0.38)improved, the infarction volume(68.73±4.46)％ reduced, the number of apoptosis positive cells(6.10± 1.26), the expressions and the concentrations in brain tissue of iNOS(4.67+0.51)decressed while those of SOD (0.53 ±0.14) increased significantly compared with the negative control groups(t=3.16、 2.51、 4.15、3.12、 3.25, P＜0.05). Conclusion PicrodideⅡ might play a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting the neuronal apoptosis and the expressions of iNOS and SOD after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries.

Objective To establish an ideal focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion model in monkeys.Methods Adult healthy rhesus monkeys(Macaca mulatta) 12 cases(male 6 and female 6),aged 4-7 years and weighted 4.8-7.5kg.were used in this study.The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R) model was established by inserting a standard micro-balloon catheter intraluminally from the carotid common artery or femoral artery into the proximal segment of the middle cerebral artery(MCA).The regional cerebral blood flow of MCA was occluded by expanding the micro-balloon to cause ischemia,and withdrawing the micro-ballon catheter to reperfuse the MCA.The MCAO/R model was evaluated by angiography,magnetic resonance angiography(MRA),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),tetrazolium chloride(TTC) staining and neurological behavoral function scores.Results By inserting a micro-balloon catheter intraluminally from the carotid common artery or femoral artery into the MCA,the micro-balloon catheter could be inserted into the MCA to occlude blood flow,and no image of MCA shown on TV screen.In MCA blood flow supplied area,magnetic resonance T1,T2 and DWI showed high signals,TTC staining showed cerebral ischemic infarction,and correspondly the monkeys showed neurological function disorders.This method used a simple operatire procedure had a high successful rate,and could be repeated.Conclusion We showed ideal method to establish the MCAO/R model in monkeys by inserting intraluminally a micro-balloon catheter into the MCA.

Aim The pharmacodynamics and mechanism of Kadsura heteroclita on the Alzheimers disease (AD) model mice were studied. Methods The Kunming mice were treated with D-galactose and AlCl 3(90 d)to make the AD animal model. The therapy groups were treated with HS 2 (po, 40 d) respectively since d51. The Morris water-maze test, the expressions of PS1, BACE, as well as the pathological observation of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were carried out to evaluate the effect of HS 2 on the AD model mice. Resluts By oral administration with HS 2, the capacity of learning and memory of the AD model mice was improved. HS 2 can downregulate the expression of PS1, BACE and decrease the amount of senile plaque in their brains. Conclusion HS 2 can meliorate AD model mice's learning and memory deficiency as well as decrease the mRNA content of PS1, BACE and senile plaque in their brains.

AIM: This study was designed to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the amyloid ?-protein precursor (APP) and neprilysin (NEP)expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C6 cell line in order to discover effectual Alzheimer's disease (AD)-treated drugs. METHODS: MTT colorimetric analysis was used to measure the survival rate of C6 cultured with ginsenoside Rg1 at different concentrations (2 5, 5, 10 and 20 ?mol?L -1) and LPS (100 mg?L -1). The expression of APP and NEP mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS: LPS decreased the survival rate of C6, furthermore, the increase in APP expression and the decrease in NEP expression were observed. On the other hand, the above alteration induced by LPS was reversed by ginsenoside Rg1. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that LPS can cause cell damage, the increase in APP expression and the decrease in NEP expression. Ginsenoside Rg1 can exert a neuroprotective action, protect C6 cells against LPS-induced injury via inhibiting APP expression and increasing NEP expression.