Objective To explore the effects of application of virtual simulation technology in basic nursing practice teaching.Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 204 nursing students of grade 2013 in Fenyang College of Shanxi Medical University as the research subjects.Virtual reality software and simulator were used to build realistic experiment environment.Tasks of virtual simulation training were primary,intermediate and advanced.Questionnaire survey was conducted after training to investigate teaching effects,and theoretical and operating test scores of grade 2013 were compared with those of grade 2012.Results In the primary,intermediate and advanced tasks,there were 87.3％,77％ and 60.8％ of the students having scores of 91～100;theoretical and operating test scores of grade 2013 were better than those of grade 2012(P＜0.01);98％ of the students considered virtual simulation enhanced proficiency of operation,93.1％ of the students considered virtual simulation facilitated learning,91.1％ of the students liked virtual simulation learning,and 90.1％ of the students considered virtual simulation stimulated interests in learning.Conclusion The application of virtual simulation experiment teaching in basic nursing practice teaching can promote the innovation of teaching mode and improve the teaching quality and teaching effect.

Objective To construct the evaluation index system of clinical nursing competence for higher vocational nursing skills contest. Methods A total of 31 nursing experts participated in the three-round consultation by Delphi technique, and empirically tested the final result. Results The response rates of questionnaire investigation for the three-round were 93.6%(29/31),100.0%(29/29) and 100.0%(29/29) respectively. The specialist authority coefficient was 0.861,and the coordination coefficients for each round were 0.207,0.291 and 0.371, respectively, P<0.01.The overall reliability coefficient was 0.921, evaluators reliability correlation coefficient was 0.942. There were significant correlation between each item and total score, P<0.05. The overall degree of differentiation was 0.523. Finally, the clinical nursing competence assessment system for higher vocational nursing skills contest was constructed,including 3 first-level indexes,10 second-level indexes and 39 third-level items. Conclusions The results of three-round expert consultation are reliable, the reliability, validity and differentiation are high. To evaluate clinical nursing ability higher vocational nursing students provide scientific basis.

ObjectiveTo investigate distingwished clinical and experimental characteristics of the four main subtypes in myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPNs).MethodsMDS/MPNs 53 cases from Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University,including 24 cases CMML,13 cases aCML,12 cases JMML,4 cases MDS/MPN-U,were analyzed regarding to 2001 WHO classification.Morphology (M) of peripheral and bone marrow blood cells were observed under microscope.FCM was used in immunological(Ⅰ) analyse on blasts and myelomonocytes in peripheral blood and bone marrow.G-banding technique was used in cytogenetic (C)examination.PCR was used in molecular genetic (M) mutation detection.Numeric data,such as mean Hb,WBC,PLT et al,among several groups,were compared using Single-factor analysisof variance.Student-Newman-Keulstestwasuseincomparingmeansof two groups.Proportions,such as percentage of clinical features,immunological and cytogenetic abnormal cases among different groups,were compared using Chi-square test or Fisher exact test.Results( 1 ) In the course of MDS/MPNs,there were 46 cases (86.8％ ) had paleness and fatigue 33 cases (62.5％ ) had palpable spleen.JMML had most fever and enlargement of lymph node (75.0％,75.0％ ),statistically distinguished from CMML ( 12.5％,12.5％ ) (x2 =14.89,17.98,P ＜ 0.05 ).(2) The hemoglobin was ( 83.1 ± 24.6 ) g/L.WBC counts were ( 19.8 ± 8.1 ) × 109/L.PLT counts were ( 158.7 ± 108.2) x 109/L.Immature neutrophils and blasts were found in peripheral blood.(3)JMML and CMML had most monocytes absolute counts among the subtypes (4.25 ±0.76) (3.62 ±0.76).(4) Almost 100％ JMML had monocytes abnormalities.(5)For 15 cases were detected immunological characteres by FCM,13 cases showed abnormalities.(6)For 29 cases of MDS/MPNs had been analyzed chromosome karyotypes and 12 out of them (41.4％) were abnormal,Ph chromosomes and those AML-defining translocations were all negative,+ 8 and 7-involved- karyotypes were more frequent.(7)23 cases were detected molecular genetic features,in which were all negative.BCR/ABL1 and JAK2 V617F mutation were all negative in the 13 cases of aCML.JAK2 V617F mutation was positive in 1 case of MDS/MPN-U.ConclusionsMost MDS/MPNs had paleness and fatigue,light to mild anemia,cytosis,monocytes low grade of blast and immature neutrophils in peripheral blood with dysplasia in bone marrow.JMML seems has more severe clinical features and more distinguishing laboratory characters.Immunological abnormalities and abnormalkaryotypes are found frequently in MDS/MPNs with no statistical differences among the four subtypes.There is no specific molecular abnormals in MDS/MPNs.( Chin J Lab Med,2012,35:832-837)

BACKGROUNDAn zidovudine (AZT)-substitution regimen containing 24-week stavudine (d4T) followed by long-term AZT for HIV therapy is potential to trade off short-term AZT-related anemia and long-term risks associated with d4T in resource-limited settings. However, evidence is scarce. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of AZT-substitution regimen, aiming to find a regimen with better efficacy, less adverse events, and more affordability in resource-limited settings.

METHODSThis prospective, multicenter study enrolled 499 (190 on d4T regimen, 172 on AZT regimen, and 137 on AZT-substitution regimen) HIV-1-infected subjects who initiated combined antiretroviral therapy and attended follow-up visits over 96 weeks from 2009 to 2011. Lamivudine (3TC) and either nevirapine (NVP) or efavirenz (EFV) were the other two drugs in the antiretroviral regimens. Virologic and immunologic responses and adverse events were monitored at baseline and at weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96.

RESULTSIn terms of hematological adverse effects, AZT-substitution group had similar safety profiles to d4T group and was superior to AZT group. In comparison with AZT-substitution group, AZT group was associated with higher risk of developing anemia (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for anemia ≥ grade II, 8.44, 95% CI 1.81-39.46) and neutropenia (aHR for neutropenia ≥ grade II, 1.86, 95% CI 1.19-2.93). The prevalence of lipodystrophy in d4T group was 19.5%, while that in AZT-substitution group was zero. As to antiretroviral efficacy, these three groups showed no differences.

CONCLUSIONAZT-substitution regimen provides a relatively safe and effective first-line antiretroviral strategy in resource-limited settings.

Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Stavudine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Zidovudine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use