Objective To investigate the analysis of low calcium intravenous calcium supplementation agent and active vitamin D3 on total thyroidectomy on quality of life in patients with nodular goiter. Methods 40 cases of nodular goiter with total thyroidectomy were performed in our hospital from March 2014 to September 2016. It was randomly divided into control group and experimental group, 20 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were nodular thyroidectomy and the experimental group underwent total thyroidectomy. The quality of life of two groups of patients was evaluated by using the European five-dimensional health-related living quality scale (eq-5d). Results Two groups of patients, relevant questionnaire survey of the patient's ability to act, self-care ability, daily activity ability, pain or discomfort, anxiety, or depression, and the comparison of VAS score, according to the results of difference was not statistically significant. In comparison with ordinary people, the questionnaire survey results showed that the proportion of patients with moderate or above differences was higher and the difference was significant (P< 0.01). There was no statistical significance compared to the average person. Conclusion All patients with nodular goiter are treated with total thyroidism, and the effect is good, and the quality of life of patients is relatively small.

Objective To analyze risk factors for grenade throwing fractures and put forward corresponding preventive measures for the fractures during the military training in recruits,so as to reduce the happen in the military training.Methods The research is case-control study.The trial group and the control group (39 patients each) were followed up and investigated.The investigation indicators included height,body mass index (BMI),whether drinking carbonated beverage frequently,literacy,osteoporosis,throwing training score,throwing posture,warm-up sufficiently,region,whether attend often physical exercise before recruitment,exercise strength,and weather factor.Results There were significant differences in the warm-up sufficiency,attending physical exercise before recruitment,exercise intensity,throwing posture,weather factor between trial group and the control group in recruits.The logistic regression analysis showed that the lack of physical exercise before recruitment,strong exercise intensity,nonstandard throwing posture were the risk factors in grenade throwing fractures in recruits.Conclusion Sufficient warm-up,avoiding exhausted exercise and assault exercise,strict training in accordance with the standard throwing posture,regular participation in physical exercise before recruitment and training in warm season are effective methods for preventing grenade throwing fractures in recruits.

Objective:To study the effect of omeprazole combined with glutamine in the prevention of stress ulcer. Methods:To-tally 106 cases of severe patients admitted in ICU of our hospital were divided into the observation group and the control group with 53 ones in each according to the admission order. The patients in the control group were treated with glutamine, and those in the observa-tion group were treated with sodium omeprazole combined with glutamine. The pH change in gastric juice, adverse reactions and inci-dence of stress ulcer after the treatment were observed and compared between the two groups. Results:After the 4-day treatment, the pH value of gastric juice in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0. 05), and after the 7-day treatment, the difference was more notable. After the treatment, the symptoms of upper digestive tract in the observation group were fewer than those in the control group (P<0. 05). After the treatment, the observation group had three stress ulcer patients with the incidence rate of 5. 66%, while that in the control group was higher (24. 53%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). There was no statistically significant difference in the adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Omeprazole combined with glutamine in the prevention of ulcers stress shows promising clinical efficacy, which can effectively inhibit gastric acid secretion and rapidly increase pH value of gastric juice with low incidence of adverse reactions, mild symptoms and high se-curity, and is worthy of wide use in clinics.

Objective To observe the bacterial biofilm in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and to investigate the possible relationship between biofilm and clinical factors. MethodsSixtynine patients with CRS ( study group), 15 patients with nasal septum deviation and 10 patients with nasal bone fracture (control group) were enrolled in the study. Mucosa specimens of uncinate process or ethmoid near the ostium of the maxillary sinus were obtained during endoscopic sinus surgery. The specimens were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. All patients were evaluated by questionnaire of chnical factors based on sino-nasal outcome test-20. SPSS 10. 0 was used for statistical analysis, and the relationship between bacterial biofilm and clinical factors was evaluated by Chi-square test. ResultsBacterial biofilms were found in 49 patients ( 71.0％ ) with CRS. A marked destruction of the epithelium and cilia was observed in all samples of study group. No bacterial biofilm was found in the control group, and scanning electron microscopy showed normal epithelium and cilia in those specimens. Chi-square test showed that bacterial biofilm was not associated with clinical factors (gender, staging, course, nasal obstruction, phlegm, nasal discharge with stinking smell, headache, bloody nasal discharge and olfactory degeneration) in CRS. ConclusionsBacterial biofilms and destruction of the epithelium and cilia can be obscrved in CRS patients, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of CRS, but the formation of bacterial biofilm is not correlated with the clinical factors in CRS.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen-rich saline on inflammatory responses during transient cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 5-6 yr,weighing 180-250 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R and hydrogen-rich saline group (group H).The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 0.3 ml/100 g.Transient cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion with hypotension for 15 min,followed by reperfusion.Five rats were randomly chosen from each group,and Morris water maze was used to assess the cognitive function starting from 5 days before establishment of the model.Place navigation test lasted for 5 consecutive days.The escape latency,swimming speed and swimming distance were recorded.Spatial probe test was carried out on 1 and 3 days after establishment of the model.The time of staying at the target platform quadrant,frequency of crossing the original platform and swimming speed were recorded.The rats were sacrificed after the end of spatial probe test on 3 days after the model was established,and hippocampi were removed to examine the morphology of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region with light microscope.Five rats randomly chosen from each group were sacrificed on 1 day after the model was established,and hippocampi were removed to detect the contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β).The rest 5 rats in each group were sacrificed,and hippocampi were removed for determination of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity (by immuno-histochemistry).Results In place navigation test before the model was established,the escape latency and swimming distance were gradually shortened with the prolonging training time,and no significant change was found in the swimming speed with the prolonging training time in the three groups.Compared with group S,the time of staying at the target platform quadrant was significantly shortened,and the frequency of crossing the original platform was reduced on 1 and 3 days after establishment of the model,and the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β and NF-κB activity were increased on 1 day after establishment of the model in group I/R.Compared with group I/R,the time of staying at the target platform quadrant was significantly prolonged,and the frequency of crossing the original platform was increased on 1 and 3 days after establishment of the model,and the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β and NF-κB activity were decreased on 1 day after establishment of the model in group H.There was no significant change in the swimming speed during spatial probe test on 1 and 3 days after establishment of the model.Conclusion The mechanism by which hydrogen-rich saline reduces transient cerebral I/R injury may be related to inhibition of inflammatory responses in rats.

Leptin, a peptide hormone discovered in the 1990s, arouses interest as it can regulate the body′s metabolism. In recent years, many studies have shown that leptin can promote the proliferation, activation and cytokine synthesis of various immune cells, and participate in innate and adaptive immune responses. This article reviewed the role of leptin and involved signaling pathways in immune response and the potential of leptin as a vaccine adjuvant.

OBJECTIVE：To st udy the effects of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists （PNU282987）on improving cardiac remodeling of mice and Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3（JAK2/STAT3）signaling pathway. METHODS：Male Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal control group ，model group ，propranolol group （positive control，i.g. 40 mg/kg）and PNU 282987 low-dose，medium-close and high-dose groups （intraperitoneal injection of 0.5，1.0，3.0 mg/kg），with 10 mice in each group. Except for the normal control group ，mice in the other groups were given isoproterenol （ISO，30 mg/kg） subcutaneously for 7 days to induce the cardiac remodeling model. After 30 minutes of ISO injection ， administration groups were given relevant liquid ，once a day ，for 7 consecutive days. Twelve hours after last administration ，the left ventricular ejection fraction （EF）and left ventricular short axis shortening rate （FS）of mice in each group were measured ，and the whole heart mass index （HMI）was calculated ；the pathological changes of myocardium were observed. The serum contents of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH），creatine kinase （CK），tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α），interleukin 6（IL-6），the protein expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1（ICAM-1）and adhesion molecule 1（VCAM-1）were also determined. The ratios of p-JAK2/JAK2，p-STAT3/STAT3 in myocardial tissue were detected. RESULTS ：Compared with normal control group ，EF and FS of model group were significantly reduced ，HMI，the contents of LDH，CK，TNF-α and IL-6，the protein expression of ICAM- 1 and VCAM- 1，the ratio of p-JAK 2/JAK2 and p-STAT 3/STAT3 were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； blue collagen deposition in the interstitium of myocardium was obvious，and the degree of fibrosis was severe. Compared with model group ， the EF and FS of the mice in the medium-dose and high-dose groups were increased significantly ， HMI （except for PNU 282987 medium-dose group ），the contents of LDH （except for PNU 282987 medium-dose group ），CK，TNF-α and IL-6，the protein expression of ICAM- 1 and VCAM- 1，the ratio of p-JAK 2/JAK2 and p-STAT 3/STAT3 were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜ 0.01）；blue collagen deposition in the myocardial interstitium was significantly reduced ，and the degree of myocardial fibrosis was significantly reduced. There was no significant difference in the comparison of the above indicators in PNU 282987 low-dose group （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：PNU282987 can improve cardiac remodeling of mice ，the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting JAK 2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effect and mechanism of Longshengzhi capsules on cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） was established by using the improved thread occlusion method. The experiment was divided into six groups： sham surgery group （only separating blood vessels without inserting thread plugs， given the same volume of normal saline）， model group （modeling， given the same volume of normal saline）， nimodipine group （positive control， modeling， dose of 20 mg/kg）， and low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of Longshengzhi capsules （modeling， doses of 0.72， 1.44 and 2.88 g/kg， respectively）， with 10 mice in each group. Each group was given corresponding medication solution/normal saline by gavage， once a day， for 7 consecutive days. One hour after the last administration， the Zea Longa scoring method was used to score the neurological deficits in each group of rats， and the ABC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in rats； TTC staining was used to observe the volume of cerebral infarction in rats and calculate the cerebral infarction volume ratio. Hematoxylin eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the brain tissue of rats. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the positive expression of NLRP3 protein in the brain tissue of rats. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect mRNA relative expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） in the brain tissue of rats. Western blot assay was adopted to detect the relative expressions of TLR4， NLRP3 and phosphorylated NF-κB （p-NF-κB） protein in the brain tissue of rats and its intracellular NF-κB protein. RESULTS Compared with the sham surgery group， the neural dysfunction score， serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6， cerebral infarction volume ratio， relative expression levels of NF-κB and TLR4 mRNA， as well as protein relative expressions of TLR4， NLRP3 and p-NF-κB in the brain tissue， and relative protein expression of intracellular NF-κB were increased significantly in the model group （P＜0.01）； the enlarged gap and significant edema were observed in cortical nerve cells of brain tissue in rats， with a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltration； the positive expression of NLRP3 protein in brain tissue of rats obviously increased. Compared with the model group， the levels of the above indicators in the medium-dose and high-dose groups of Longshengzhi capsules， as well as the Nimodipine group， were reversed to varying degrees， and most differences were statistically significant （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the pathological morphology observation showed a significant improvement， and the positive expression of NLRP3 protein in the brain tissue of rats was obviously reduced. CONCLUSIONS Longshengzhi capsules may inhibit TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway and neuroinflammatory response， thereby achieving a protective effect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Humans