Objective To observe the bacterial biofilm in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and to investigate the possible relationship between biofilm and clinical factors. MethodsSixtynine patients with CRS ( study group), 15 patients with nasal septum deviation and 10 patients with nasal bone fracture (control group) were enrolled in the study. Mucosa specimens of uncinate process or ethmoid near the ostium of the maxillary sinus were obtained during endoscopic sinus surgery. The specimens were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. All patients were evaluated by questionnaire of chnical factors based on sino-nasal outcome test-20. SPSS 10. 0 was used for statistical analysis, and the relationship between bacterial biofilm and clinical factors was evaluated by Chi-square test. ResultsBacterial biofilms were found in 49 patients ( 71.0％ ) with CRS. A marked destruction of the epithelium and cilia was observed in all samples of study group. No bacterial biofilm was found in the control group, and scanning electron microscopy showed normal epithelium and cilia in those specimens. Chi-square test showed that bacterial biofilm was not associated with clinical factors (gender, staging, course, nasal obstruction, phlegm, nasal discharge with stinking smell, headache, bloody nasal discharge and olfactory degeneration) in CRS. ConclusionsBacterial biofilms and destruction of the epithelium and cilia can be obscrved in CRS patients, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of CRS, but the formation of bacterial biofilm is not correlated with the clinical factors in CRS.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like(DOT1L)on epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT)in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC)via Notch1 signal pathway.METHODS Fresh tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues from 30 pathologically confirmed LSCC patients were selected.The positive expression rates of DOT1L and its catalytic product H3K79me3 were detected by immunohistochemistry staining,the relative mRNA expression levels of DOT1L and H3K79me3 were measured by qRT-PCR.The human LSCC cell line TU686 was selected and divided into blank control group,over-expression group,and low-expression group.After 48 hours of cultivation,cell proliferation rate was measured using MTT method,cell apoptosis rate was measured using flow cytometry,and the relative expression levels of Notch1,E-cadherin,N-cadherin,and Vimentin proteins were detected using Western blot.RESULTS 1.Compared with normal tissues adjacent to cancer,the positive expression rates[(41.5±8.9)%vs.(18.3±3.6)%,t=56.963,P＜0.001;(40.5±7.7)%vs.(10.2±2.3)%,t=96.635,P＜0.001]and mRNA expression levels[(0.69±0.13)vs.(0.13±0.09),t=102.302,P＜0.001;(0.42±0.19)vs.(0.09±0.03),t=85.659,P＜0.001]of DOT1L and H3K79me3 in tumor tissues were significantly increased.2.Compared with the blank control group,cell proliferation rate in the over-expression group was significantly higher(t=45.628,P＜0.001),while apoptosis rate was lower(t=40.125,P＜0.001),Notch1,N-cadherin,and Vimentin proteins expressions were increased,E-cadherin was decreased(t=22.524,30.263,45.629,27.859,P＜0.001).The cell proliferation rate in the low expression group was significantly decreased(t=33.427,P＜0.001),but apoptosis rate was increased(t=78.529,P＜0.001),levels of Notch1,N-cadherin,and Vimentin proteins were lower,E-cadherin was higher,too(t=19.864,23.524,28.957,33.426,P＜0.001).CONCLUSION DOT1L is highly expressed in LSCC,affecting the methylation level of histones,thereby regulating cell proliferation,apoptosis,and EMT behavior.DOT1L is expected to become a new site for tumor targeted intervention.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with paraquat mixed with diquat poisoning.Methods:The clinical data of 145 patients with paraquat mixed with diquat poisoning admitted to the Department of Emergency of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 20, 2016 to March 31, 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the detection results of plasma toxicants in patients with poisoning, the patients were divided into the paraquat diquat mixed group (mixed group), paraquat group (PQ group) and diquat group (DQ group). The clinical indexes, organ dysfunction, different poisoning doses and prognosis of the three groups were compared. Patients in the mixed group were divided into the survival group and death group according to their 90-day survival, and the differences of each index between the two groups were compared. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted for each index. After Log-rank test, multivariate Cox regression was used to analyze the risk factors of death in the mixed group.Results:A total of 31 patients were included in the mixed group, 92 patients in the PQ group, and 22 patients in the DQ group. There were significant differences in age, toxic dose, number of organ dysfunction, PSS score and APACHE II score among the three groups ( P<0.05). The main injured organs of the mixed group were gastrointestinal tract, kidney, liver, lung and nervous system. The proportion of organ damage in the mixed group was higher than that in the PQ group and DQ group. The white blood cell count, neutrophil count, HB, creatinine, AST, lactic acid, PT and APTT were statistically significant among the three groups ( P<0.05). In the mixed group, patients taking oral administration of < 20 mL all survived; 8 patients taking oral administration of 20 -50 mL died; 11 patients took oral administration of 51-100 mL and 8 (72.7%) died; and 10 patients took oral administration of more than 100 mL and 9 patients (90%) died. In the mixed group, patients with the concentration of diquat > 5000 ng/mL died. Among 31 patients with mixed poisoning, 30 patients (96.78%) had significantly higher concentrations of diquat than paraquat. There were no significant differences in sex, age, time from poisoning to hospitalization, ingestion amount, lymphocyte count, Hb, BNU, CK, total bilirubin, PH, and PT between the survival group and the death group ( P>0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the ingestion amount, plasma PQ concentration at admission, plasma DQ concentration at admission, and lactic acid were independent risk factors for death ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Paraquat mixed with diquat can cause multiple organ function damage. The main damaged organs are gastrointestinal tract, kidney, liver, lung and nervous system. Compared with PQ or DQ poisoning, mixed poisoning has a higher incidence of organ damage, a more serious condition, and a higher mortality rate. Ingestion amount, plasma PQ concentration at admission, plasma DQ concentration at admission and lactic acid were independent factors influencing the prognosis of mixed poisoning.