AIM: To establish the quality standard of Gusongbao Dispersible Tablets(Herba Epimedii,Radix Dipsaci,Radix Pasoniae rubra,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,etc.) METHODS: Herba Epimedii,Radix Paeoniae rubra,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,Rhizoma Anemarrhenae were identified by TLC.Icariine content was determined by HPLC.C_18 column(ODS,4.6 mm?200 mm,5 ?m) as chromatographic column,acetonitrile-water(30∶70) as mobile phase,flow rate kept to 1.0 mL/min,detection wavelength at 270 nm,and under room temperature condition.The dissolubility test met with Chinese Pharmacopoeia for Icariine. RESULTS: The relevant spots in Herba Epimedii,Radix Paeoniae rubra,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,Rhizoma Anemarrhenae could be identified by TLC.The content of icariine can be determined by HPLC.The linearity of icariine was good in the range of 0.13-0.78 ?g(r=0.999 9).The average recovery of icariine was 98.90%,RSD=0.92%(n=6).Dissolubility test used for icariine coformed to homogeniety. CONCLUSION: The established quality standard is simple,feasible and repeatable,and can be used for quality control of Gusongbao Dispersible Tablets.

The protein C anticoagulant pathway plays a fundamental role in the control of coagulation system and inflammatory response. It has been well established that physiological levels of shear stress induce endothelial structural change and modulate gene and protein expression. However, the role of shear stress in protein C pathway remains unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of shear stress on the activation of protein C as well as on the expression of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and thrombomodulin (TM) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) which were exposed to TNF-alpha alone, shear stress alone, and TNF-alpha under shear stress. We found: (1) Either TNF-alpha or shear stress alone significantly reduced EPCR expression and protein C activation in HUVECs; and simultaneous exposure of HUVECs to TNF-alpha and shear stress resulted in a further decrease of EPCR expression and protein C activation (P<0.05); (2) Simultaneous exposure of HUVECs to TNF-alpha and shear stress resulted in the increase of soluble EPCR level more significantly than did the exposure of HUVECs to either TNF-alpha or shear stress alone (P<0.05); (3) Shear stress significantly increased TM expression on HUVECs, whereas TNF-alpha inhibited TM expression; shear stress could strongly neutralize TNF-alpha's inhibitive effect on TM expression. We therefore conclude that shear stress may play an important role in protein C pathway, which may be fulfilled by regulating EPCR expression and TM expression in endothelial cells.
Antigens, CD ; genetics ; metabolism ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Endothelial Protein C Receptor ; Humans ; Protein C ; metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; genetics ; metabolism ; Shear Strength ; Stress, Mechanical ; Thrombomodulin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Umbilical Veins ; cytology

Polysaccharides are the important material basis of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）， and have various pharmacological activities such as immunomodulation， antitumor and anti-aging. Due to the large molecular weight of TCM polysaccharides， their structural analysis and oral absorption mechanism are facing technical challenges， and the current research on their structure-activity relationships has made some breakthroughs， while the research on their oral absorption mechanisms is relatively slow. In-depth study of the oral absorption mechanism of TCM polysaccharides is not only crucial for the interpretation of their action pathways and efficacy in vivo， but also helpful for the interpretation of their pharmacological effects， rational clinical applications and the discovery of new targets. In recent years， the application of fluorescent labeling and isotopic labeling methods has provided new technical means for the oral absorption studies of polysaccharides， which has promoted the development of oral absorption studies of TCM polysaccharides. In this paper， we reviewed the oral absorption pathways and labeling techniques of TCM polysaccharides， and concluded that they can be absorbed orally through transmembrane， cellular bypass， and M-cell-mediated transport， of which transmembrane pathway is the main absorption pathway， and summarized the labeling reactions of four fluorescent labeling and isotopic labeling methods with TCM polysaccharides， which can provide references for evaluating the absorption pathways of TCM polysaccharides， screening active TCM polysaccharides， establishing pharmacodynamic models and comprehensively elucidating the mechanism of TCM polysaccharides.