The worldwide situation of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) being released into environment was presented in the present review. The studies on impacts of GEMs on environments were introduced. The regulations of biosafety and application of GEMs were briefly addressed.

Ubiquitin plays a vital role in both protein degradation and many kinds of cellular functions, such as DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, cell growth and immune system function.Ubiquitin modiifed enzyme zinc ifnger protein A20 is considered to be an important gateway for the regulation of immune and inlfammatory responses, which is a key negative regulator in NF-κB signaling pathway. Dendritic cell (DC) is a full-time antigen presenting cell that identifies inflammatory response or pathogenic microorganism by multiple receptors, and is a key moderator for immunity homeostasis. Researches in recent years showed that A20 plays an important role in regulating the function of DC, which may take part in the occurrence and development of inlfammatory bowel disease. In this article, the regulation of A20 in the immunoregulation of DC and its function on the pathogenesis of inlfammatory bowel disease were reviewed.

Exosome is nanoscale vesicles with bilayer membrane structure, is secreted by multiple living cells in vivo, capable of carrying biological materials such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids etc.Exosome can protect the information material (such as miRNA), which is easy to be inactivated or degraded in the circulatory system, so that they can be safely transferred to the specific target cells to participate in signal regulation, and play an important role in the information transmission between cells.Exosome is widely found in human blood, urine, pleural effusion and other body fluid samples, and can provide rich, stable, sensitive and specific biological information.As a kind of liquid biopsy specimen, exosome has a very high clinical application value in the future.

A totel of 120 patients with CT or MRI proved as acute cerebral infarction group of anterior circulation and 90 non-infarction patients as the control group were studied. The diameter,inter median thickness( IMT) ,peak systolic velocity ( PSV ) , end diastolic velocity ( EDV ) , early shrinkage acceleration time ( AT ) , resistance index ( RI) ,and pulsatility index( PI) of carotid artery,and whether there was arteriosclerotic plaque or stenosis,and the properties of plaque were examined with color Doppler ultrasound. In acute cerebral infarction group of anterior cir-culation,the IMT was thicker that in the control group(P<0. 01). The incidence of the film thickness,moderate-se-vere stenosis and instable carotid artery plaque in infaiction group of anterior circulation were obviousely higher than those in the control group(P<0. 01). Arterial complete or incomplete occlusion was observed in severe cases. The blood flow parameters showed that the PSV and EDV of common carotid and internal carotid in acute cerebral in-farction group of anterior circulation were lowerer than those in the control group. RI and PI of internal carotid in a-cute cerebral infarction group of anterior circulation were higher than those in the control group(P<0. 05),while AT was lower than those in the control group.

As a powerful intervention to protect ischemic tissues,ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has been a hot spot due to its greatly potential clinical values throughout the past decades.From the triggers and cell-membrane receptors to intracellular signal molecules and mitochondrial signal chains,we inquire in this review the common points and relativities on the signaling transduction of IPC by conferring the cardio-and neuro-protection mechanisms of IPC.

Background and purpose:To study the expression of PTEN and P53 and analyse their roles in HGC oncogenesis,and to discover a good marker for diagnosis and prognosis of HGC.Methods:The expression of PTEN mRNA,PTEN protein and P53 protein were detected by in situ hybridization(DNA-RNA) and immunohistochemistry(SP method) in 64 cases of HGC.We took 22 cases of gallbladder adenoma and 10 cases of chronic cholecystitis as controls.Results:① The positive expression rates of PTEN mRNA and protein in HGC(56.3%,59.4%) were significantly lower than that in gallbladder adenoma(81.8%,90.8%) and chronic cholecystitis(100%,100%)(P

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the feasibility of preparing tretinoin liposome by calcium acetate gradient method and to compare this method with the microfilm and the antiphase evaporation method.METHODS:Tretinoin liposome was pre-pared by microfilm method,antiphase evaporation method and calcium acetate gradient method,respectively.Sephadex G-50was used for isolation and ultraviolet spectrophotometry was utilized to determine the entrapped efficiency and grain size of liposomal tretinoin.Electronmicroscope was applied to observe the shape of tretinoin liposome.RESULTS:The calcium ac-etate gradient technology achieved the highest entrapped efficiency of90.48%.The liposomes had perfect shape with the mean diameter of35.8nm and kept stable in quality at4℃for3months.CONCLUSION:The liposome with high entrapped effi-ciency could be prepared by calcium acetate gradient method,and the method is feasible.

Objective To study the effect of different negative pressure values of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) effect on skin graft .Methods Eighty patients were selected ,who underwent chronic wound bed and preparedto treat with skin graft in surgical ward of emergency department in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2012 to July 2012 .Eighty patients were divided into 8 groups ,group A were treated with packing pressure after skin graft ,group B~ H were treated with continuous NPWT ,pressures were -10 ,-20 ,-30 ,-40 ,-50 ,-60 and -70 kPa ,respectively .Whether they were in comfortable situation at second day after surgery were observed .Flap survival area at Seventh day after surgery was meas‐ured .Results The patient comfort ,flap survival area ,wound healing time of group B to H were higher than those of group A (P<0 .05) .Patient comfort tended to decrease with the increasing negative pressure values between -10 - -40 kPa(P<0 .05) .Flap survival area ,healing time of group B ,C were higher than those of group D to F(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Application of NPWT technology in wound ,-10 kPa negative pressure value can not only improve wound blood circulation ,but also ensure patient be comfortable .

The biological threat is an important component of national security threats .Developed countries attach great importance to biodefense capability building .This paper analyzed the particularity of biological threats , explained the necessi-ty of biosecurity strategic research and development in China , and proposed establishing an integrated biodefense system .

Objective To explore the effect of the family-centered prenatal maternal health education on delivery modes and breastfeeding.Methods Two hundred and thirty pregnant women who accepted prenatal maternal health education were divided into the observation group and the control group according to whether their families involved in the prenatal education.There were 108 cases in the observation group and 122 in the control group.The observation group was given prenatal health education involving the pregnant women and their caregivers or their husbands.The control group was given prenatal health education according to the previously-designed course without presence of their families.The two groups were compared in delivery mode,extent of pain during production and breast feeding.Results The rates of vaginal delivery and the breast feeding at discharge in the observation group were higher than the control group(P<0.05 for both).The rate of breast swelling in 72 hours was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.01). Conclusion Family-centered prenatal maternmal health education is good for the natural birth rate,improvement of breastfeeding rate and reduction the breast swelling.