The worldwide situation of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) being released into environment was presented in the present review. The studies on impacts of GEMs on environments were introduced. The regulations of biosafety and application of GEMs were briefly addressed.

Objective To evaluate the significance of IgM treponema pallidum specific antibody in the diagnosis of syphilis in various periods.Methods By using Western bloting(WB),tolulized red unheated serum test(TRUST),treponema pallidum particle agglutination(TPPA) and treponema pallidum (TP),we examined and analyzed 21 cases of first-stage syphilis, 8 cases of second-stage syphilis, 4 cases of latent syphilis, 3 cases of new born infants suspected with congenital syphilis, 7 cases of syphilis formally treated for 18 months and 5 cases of healthy control groups.Results The positive rates of IgM, TRUST, TPPA and TP in first-stage syphilis cases were 100.0%, 42.9%, 57.1% and 66.7% respectively. The positive rates of IgM, TRUST and TPPA in second-stage syphilis, latent syphilis and congenital syphilis were all 100.0%.The positive rates in syphilis cases received 18 months treatment were 0%(IgM), 28.6%(TRUST) and 100.0%(TPPA). The IgM,TRUST and TPPA in control groups were all negative.Conclusion The specific antibody of IgM treponema pallidum has high sensitivity and specificity,and hence can be applied in the diagnosis of syphilis in various periods.

A totel of 120 patients with CT or MRI proved as acute cerebral infarction group of anterior circulation and 90 non-infarction patients as the control group were studied. The diameter,inter median thickness( IMT) ,peak systolic velocity ( PSV ) , end diastolic velocity ( EDV ) , early shrinkage acceleration time ( AT ) , resistance index ( RI) ,and pulsatility index( PI) of carotid artery,and whether there was arteriosclerotic plaque or stenosis,and the properties of plaque were examined with color Doppler ultrasound. In acute cerebral infarction group of anterior cir-culation,the IMT was thicker that in the control group(P<0. 01). The incidence of the film thickness,moderate-se-vere stenosis and instable carotid artery plaque in infaiction group of anterior circulation were obviousely higher than those in the control group(P<0. 01). Arterial complete or incomplete occlusion was observed in severe cases. The blood flow parameters showed that the PSV and EDV of common carotid and internal carotid in acute cerebral in-farction group of anterior circulation were lowerer than those in the control group. RI and PI of internal carotid in a-cute cerebral infarction group of anterior circulation were higher than those in the control group(P<0. 05),while AT was lower than those in the control group.

Background and purpose:To study the expression of PTEN and P53 and analyse their roles in HGC oncogenesis,and to discover a good marker for diagnosis and prognosis of HGC.Methods:The expression of PTEN mRNA,PTEN protein and P53 protein were detected by in situ hybridization(DNA-RNA) and immunohistochemistry(SP method) in 64 cases of HGC.We took 22 cases of gallbladder adenoma and 10 cases of chronic cholecystitis as controls.Results:① The positive expression rates of PTEN mRNA and protein in HGC(56.3%,59.4%) were significantly lower than that in gallbladder adenoma(81.8%,90.8%) and chronic cholecystitis(100%,100%)(P

Objective To investigate the effect of dysphagia screening and prospective interventional nursing in reducing the aspiration pneumonia in stroke patients.Methods 186 patients with acute stroke were randomly divided into control group and interventional group,93 cases in each group.The Watian drinking water test was used to screen dysphagia,and the routine nursing was used in the control group.The combined screening of Watian drinking water test and oxygen desaturation monitoring was used to screen dysphagia,and prospective intervention nursing in addition to the routine nursing was used in the interventional group.The detection rate of dysphagia and the incidence of aspiration pneumonia in 4 weeks were compared between the two groups.Results The detection rate of dysphagia in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group (41.9% vs 19.4%,χ2 =11.16,P <0.01),and the incidence of aspiration pneumonia was lower than that in the control group (12.9% vs 4.3%,χ2 =4.38,P <0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of dysphagia can be improved by using the combined screening of Watian drinking water test and oxygen desaturation monitoring.The incidence of aspiration pneumonia can be reduced by using combined screening with additional prospective interventional nursing.

Objective: To explore the antagonism of selenium enriched Spirulina platensis(Se-SP) to hepatocirrhosis by enhancement of cell proliferation and selenoenzyme activity.Method: The male SD rat hepatocirrhosis model was induced by thioacetamide(TAA),and Se-SP was supplemented.Hepatic histological analysis was performed and relative content of collagen(RCC %) was estimated using IBAS 2000 system after Masson’s staining.Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),thioredoxin reductases(TR) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in hepatocyte as well as hyaluronic acid(HA) in serum were determined.Expression index of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in hepatocytes was detected by immu-nohistochemistry,and the level of synthesis of DNA in regenerative hepatocytes was analyzed by radio-immunity for incorporation of 3H-TDR.Results: Hepatocirrhosis was induced by TAA at 9w of the expeiment,and the obvious antagonism of Se-SP to hepatocirrhosis was obsewed after Se-SP supplementa-tion.12.5% rats of Se-Sp group were completely recovered at 15w of the experiment(6w after withdrawal of TAA).GSH-Px and TR activity in hepatocytes as well as PCNA and 3H-TDR incorporation rate in hepatocytes were obviously enhanced(P

Objective To investigate the present situation of the combination of antimicrobial drugs and to improve the rationality of antimicrobial medication.Methods Choose 1734 prescription of antimicrobial from February 2015 to May 2016 in our hospital outpatient service and emergency departments, combined with pharmacology, clinical medication instructions and drug instruction,the prescriptions were analyzed statistically,and the name of antimicrobials, combination mode, type, period of treatment, rationality and other aspects of the situation were studied.Results The total prescription of antibiotics was 45.44%, and the combination of antimicrobial drugs was 76.65 %, with the combination form of the dosage form and the injection machine with a maximum of 41.72%.Oral dosage form and oral dosage form combined drug 21.19%.The proportion of combined penicillin was 43.54 percent, followed by the cephalospora 27.81%.The rational compatibility prescription 86.92%, the prescription compatibility is unreasonable 13.08%.In the unreasonable preparation of the prescription, the majority of the formulations for pharmacodynamics were 82.28%.Conclusion The current use of antibiotics in our hospital gradually become standardized, in the process of clinical treatment, to understanded and master the drug combination medication indications, can significantly improve the treatment effect, to avoid the occurrence of adverse reaction phenomenon, the use of drug safety is effectively guaranteed.

The biological threat is an important component of national security threats .Developed countries attach great importance to biodefense capability building .This paper analyzed the particularity of biological threats , explained the necessi-ty of biosecurity strategic research and development in China , and proposed establishing an integrated biodefense system .

Objective To study the effect of different negative pressure values of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) effect on skin graft .Methods Eighty patients were selected ,who underwent chronic wound bed and preparedto treat with skin graft in surgical ward of emergency department in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2012 to July 2012 .Eighty patients were divided into 8 groups ,group A were treated with packing pressure after skin graft ,group B~ H were treated with continuous NPWT ,pressures were -10 ,-20 ,-30 ,-40 ,-50 ,-60 and -70 kPa ,respectively .Whether they were in comfortable situation at second day after surgery were observed .Flap survival area at Seventh day after surgery was meas‐ured .Results The patient comfort ,flap survival area ,wound healing time of group B to H were higher than those of group A (P<0 .05) .Patient comfort tended to decrease with the increasing negative pressure values between -10 - -40 kPa(P<0 .05) .Flap survival area ,healing time of group B ,C were higher than those of group D to F(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Application of NPWT technology in wound ,-10 kPa negative pressure value can not only improve wound blood circulation ,but also ensure patient be comfortable .

Objective To determine the contents of emodin a nd chrysophanol in Qingre Anchuang tablets(QAT)by HPLC.Method The C 18 column was applied.Methanol -0.1%p hosphoric acid solution(90∶10)served as the mobile phase.The wavelength of detection was at 440nm.Results Emodin and chrysophanol in QAT were c an be isolated com-pletely,and the range of linear correlation was 0.0543～0.3258?g for emodin(r=0.99997)and 0.1048～0.6288?g for chrysophanol(r=0.99999).The average recovery rate of emodin and chrysophanol was 96.87%(RSD =1.98%,n=6)and 96.22%(RSD =1.88%,n=6)respectively.Conclusion The method was accurate,reliable and with good reproducibility.It could be used for quality control of QAT.