China ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening

Tinnitus is the most common disease in Otology, and extremely difficult for treatment in clinic, abnormal events in the cochlea (the abnormal events can result in abnormal neuronal activity in central auditory pathways that can then be finally perceived as tinnitus). Neuroplasticity events at the auditory cortex (AC) have been reported to include hyperactive of cortical neurons and an increase in neuronal synchronization. Our recent studies showed the changes markedly, in the expression of the excitatory glutamate receptor subtype NR2B in mRNA and protein levels, and also some changes in synaptic ultrastructure of neurons in auditory cortex of tinnitus animal. We propose that the mechanisms of tinnitus centralization may arise from abnormal events in the cochlea, and result in abnormal neuronal activity at multiple levels which promote abnormal propagation of neural activity in the central auditory pathway. The plastic change may be positive and adaptive as with learning or memory, or in the compensation after abnormal events in the cochlea that results in new neuronal networks that restore normal function. Alternatively, the neuroplasticity changes might be maladaptive leading perhaps to an imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory events in the brain. Indeed, tinnitus may be the consequence of such maladaptive neuroplasticity brain alterations (synaptic structure) has even gone a step further and described tinnitus as the perceptual manifestation of plastic brain changes that result in abnormal neuronal activity. The neuroplasticity changes may also make tinnitus persists, eventually leading to the existence of tinnitus cochlear-originated in the central pathway. They may also extend to non-sensory areas of the brain giving rise to the attentional and emotional aspects that often accompany the disorder. New pathophysiological insights maybe prompt the development of management approaches to directly target the neuroplasticity processes correlates of tinnitus.
Auditory Cortex ; Humans ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Tinnitus ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy

Objective To clarify the morphological features, types, regional distributions and cell densities of gastrointestinal (GI) endocrine cells in various parts of the digestive track (DT) of Eumeces elegans. Methods Using immunohistochemical techniques of streptavidin-peroxidase(S-P) method. Results The endocrine cells found in the DT were round or oval, spindle, shuttle, pyramid, flask and bacilliform in shape. Three types of endocrine cells, namely 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) positive cells, somatostatin (SS) positive cells and gastrin (GAS) positive cells were found. No substance P(SP)-, glucagon (GLU)-, pancreatic polypeptide ( PP)- and insulin(INS) positive cells were detected. 5-HT positive cells distributed throughout the whole DT at various densities and they were most predominant cell types in the DT. SS positive cells were detected only in stomach. GAS positive cells showed a restricted distribution and were only demonstrated in the pylorus and duodenum. In the DT of E. elegans the region with the highest degree of cell type heterogeneity was pylorus and all types of endocrine cell along the DT showed peak density in the pylorus as well. Conclusion Some common features of the distribution of different types of GI endocrine cells are found between E. elegans and other reptiles. This common trait may reflect the similarity in digestive physiology of various vertebrates. On the other hand, some species-dependent unique distribution features of endocrine cells in DT were also detected in E. elegans.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)in the treatment of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and its influence on pregnancy outcome.Methods 62 women with CIN who underwent LEEP were selected as treatment group,and 63 women with CIN who did not undergo LEEP in the same period were selected as control group.Then the curative effect and the pregnancy outcome were observed.Results The total effective rate was 93.65％ in the treatment group and 76.19％ in the control group,the difference was significant (x2 =7.034,P ＜ 0.01).The operation blood loss,operation time and the day of colporrhagia after operation in the treatment group were less than those in the control group(all P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the gestational age,incidence rates of abortion and cesarean section between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05),while there were significant difference in the incidences of preterm delivery,premature rupture of membrane and low birth weight infant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion LEEP is an effective treatment for patients with CIN,which can increase the incidence rates of preterm delivery,premature rupture of membrane and low birth weight infant,but not increase the gestational age,incidence rates of abortion and cesarean section.

Objective To study the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on rats'locomotor function after hemisectional spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods A model of hemisectional SCI was established at the T10 segment in 12 rats,which were then randomly divided into an SCI-rTMS group and an SCI-control group.Another 6 rats served as normal controls.The SCI-rTMS group received threshold rTMS daily for 4 weeks,while the SCI-control group was given sham rTMS.The normal control group was left without any treatment.BassoBeatti-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor scores were recorded weekly.Motor evoked potential (MEP) was detected at the 28th day after the operation.Neurofilament-200 (NF-200) was detected with immunofluorescent staining of the spinal cord lesions. Results The BBB scores in the SCI-rTMS group improved more than those in the SCI-control group.MEP of the fight hindlimb was detected in the rTMS group,but not in the control group.Expression of NF-200 marker increased significantly more than in the rTMS group. Conclusions rTMS can improve locomotor function of rats after spinal cord hemisectioning,which may result from increased expression of NF-200 and the regeneration of axons.

A patient with sparganosis mansoni was treated with praziquantel and cured with little side effect.

A patient with eosinophilic syndrome due to Paragonimus infection wag treated with praziquantel and cured.

Objective To investigate the activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9 by acute arterial injury and the involved signaling mechanism in murine femoral artery. Methods In the C57BL/6 mice femoral artery denudation injury were performed. Total protein and membrane protein extracts were prepared from targeted arteries. The MMP 9 activity was measured by zymography assay, the expressions of MMP 9 antigen and protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms were measured by Western blot. Seventy-two hours after mice fed with PKCβ inhibitor (ruboxistaurin), the denudation injury triggered MMP 9 activation was reassessed. Results Within 4-24 hours after denudation injury, MMP 9 activity in femoral arteries was significantly increased, with a peak induction of (99.3±9.5) times the sham control (F=51.49,P＜0.01) at 8 h. MMP 9 antigen increased in parallel with MMP 9 activity. Within 15-120 minutes after denudation injury, there was a significant induction of PKCβⅡ in membrane fraction of femoral arteries, with a maximum induction of (7.50±0.60) times the sham control (F=207.06,P＜0.01)at 30 min. Injury-induced MMP 9 activation was significantly inhibited by ruboxistaurin. Conclusions MMP 9 activation is, at least in part, mediated by PKCβ in acute arterial denudation injury, it highlights the new target for therapeutic intervention to suppress the over-activation of MMP 9, which plays a critical role in restenosis.

ObjectiveTo explore the effective measures to prevent and control the hospital infections.MethodsThe hospital infections'data of 27 129 inpatients were retrospectively studied and retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe nosocomial infection rate was 3.40％. The major sites of the infection were lower respiratory tract (50.05％ ). The most common pathogens were mainly Gram-negative bacteria (41.91％ ). The infection mainly occurs in old peple(75.34％ ). The highest infection rate is in organ transplantation unit( 14.62％ ). The factors of high risk included antibiotics(53.47％ ), immunocompromise and invasive therapies. ConclusionTo improve the pathogen detective rate and the monitoring of antibiotic resistance ,to decrease the use of invasive therapies and to keep high risk areas under surveillance were the effective measures to control hospital infection and to reduce the incidence rate of hospital infection.

Objective To explore the susceptibility differences of ventricular arrhythmia (VA ) in SHR rats with/without left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) and the significance .Methods The experiments were performed on isolated hearts of 8‐week(the non‐LVH control group ,n=12) ,16 week‐old SHR(the LVH group ,n=12) and age‐matched Wistar Kyoto rats(Wistar ,the blank control group ,n=12) ,which were perfused in Langendorff mode with oxygenated Krebs‐Henseleit solution followed by a K+‐defi‐cient solution .The epicardial electrocardiogram was continuously monitored during all experiments .HE staining and collagen vol‐ume fraction(CVF)was used to evaluate the condition of LVH .Results Compared with the non‐LVH control group and the blank control group ,the low K+ induced ventricular arrhythmia occurred earlier with increased incidences and duration in the hearts of the LVH Group ,the incidences of ventricular tachycardia(VT) ,transient ventricular fibrillation(TVF) ,sustained ventricular fibrillation (SVF) and CVF were higher in the hearts of the LVH Group(P<0 .05) ,myocardial cell hypertrophy and myocardial cells intersti‐tial increased .Conclusion The ventricular arrhythmia occurred earlier with increased incidences and duration in the LVH tissue of SHR rats ,which implies that LVH is associated with VA .