Condoms ; standards ; supply & distribution ; Humans ; Quality Control ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; prevention & control

Acromioclavicular Joint ; anatomy & histology ; injuries ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Shoulder Dislocation ; surgery

In the medical field, the innovation education is to cultivate residents in China, which is an important way to senior medical elite. By analyzing competency-based neurosurgery residency training mode, the training methods for innovative ability of competency-based neurosurgeon are further discussed, for the purpose of reforming the training mode of neurosurgeon, improving creative ability and scientific clinical thinking ability.

Objective To explore the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the growth, apoptosis and telomerase activity of Cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC939. Methods Cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC939 was cultured by routine method, and then treated with different concentrations of GABA (1-1000 μmmol/L). The proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of QBC939 cells was investigated by MTT, Flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. The telomer-ase activity of QBC939 cells was examined by modified PCR-ELISA assay. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) content. Results The dif-ferent concentrations of GABA inhibited the growth of QBC939 cells and promoted the apoptosis. The apop-totic rate of QBC939 cells was increased from 4. 8% to 28. 03%, which had significant difference (P<0.05). It had no effect for distribution of cell cycle. Cell nuclear condensation and apoptotic bodies were seen by transmission electron microscopy. Telomerase activity was inhibited by GABA(0. 82±0. 048 vs 0.56±0. 054, P<0.05). The content of intracellular cAMP was increased with the increase of GABA concentration in a dose-dependent manner [(0. 59±0. 049) nmol/L vs (0. 82±0. 033)nmol/L, P<0. 05]. Conclusion GABA can inhibit the proliferation of QBC939 cells by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting telomerase activi-ty, which may be mediated by the information transmission of post-receptor.

Chondroblastoma of the patella, rare occurred in patellar,is a kind of an uncommon benign bone tumor. Compared with giant cell tumor, the morbidity of chondroblastoma is lower. Meanwhile, its clinical manifestations are various, and images are very complicated. Therefore, the understanding of this kind of tumors may be limited even to the orthopedist. The differences of patellar chondroblastoma between other tumor in X-ray, CT and MRI is a spot in recent years. Sometimes patellar chondroblastoma coexists with aneurysmal bone cyst, which is a challenge to obtain an accurate pathological and radiological diagnosis. For the treatment, curettage and bone grafting is one the most popular method, but whether to perform a biopsy before surgery still remain controversy. Some new technique still has an unknown prospect for the treatment such as radiofrequency ablation.
Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Chondroblastoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Patella ; surgery

Bile Duct Neoplasms ; surgery ; Bile Ducts ; pathology ; surgery ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; pathology ; surgery ; Biliary Tract Diseases ; surgery ; Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures ; methods ; trends ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; methods ; trends ; Cholelithiasis ; surgery ; Humans

Objective To investigate the changes of clinical symptoms and liver or lung functions after inferior vena cava stent implantation in Budd Chiari syndrome patients. Methods 35 cases of Budd Chiari syndrome patients were enrolled and retrospective analysized, such as ascites, edema of lower limbs, abdomen wall of varicose veins and serum total bilirubin, serum albumin, prothrombin time, FVC, MVV, PEF, FEV1.0, FEV1.0/FVC and other pulmonary functional changes were analyzed before and 1 months after inferior vena cava stent implantation. Results Ascites, edema of lower limbs, abdominal varicose veins and other clinical symptoms were significantly reduced or disappeared, the total serum bilirubin significantly decreased, serum albumin significantly increased, and prothrombin time significantly reduced 1 month after surgery in patients with Budd Chiari syndrome, (t = 1.95, 2.31, 2.07, P < 0.01). FVC, MVV, PEF, FEV1, the indexes of FEV1/FVC improved obviously after surgery (t = 1.83, 2.69, 1.47, 1.69, 1, 97, P = 0.041, 0.029,0.046, 0.043, 0.043, 0.038). Conclusion Inferior vena cava stent implantation could effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with Budd Chiari syndrome.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of interleukin-21 (IL-21)role in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).Meth-ods 38 cases of PBC were selected for the study.35 caeses of healthy subjects were selected as the control group in January 2012 to January 2014 from Shenzhen Fuyong People’s Hospital of Baoan District and the Third People’s Hospital of Shenz-hen.The levels of IL-21,IL-17 of two groups were measured with Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The levels of T helper lymphocytes 17 (Th17),regulatory T cells (Treg)cells ratios of two groups were measured with flow cytome-try.The relationship of IL-2 1 and liver function were analyzed with pearson correlation.Another analysis of pyruvate through the establishment of in vitro deaminase complex E2 subunit (PDC-E2)peptides relationship with Th17 and Treg cell.Results The levles of IL-17 (18.23±4.12)ng/L,IL-21 (512.25±18.25)ng/L,Th17 (3.98±0.98)%,Th17/Treg (39.25±3.25)% of PBC group were significantly higher than the control group (7.89±3.26)ng/L,(212.98±21.52)ng/L,(0.92±0.21)% and (12.98±3.12)%,while the PBC group Treg (3.11±0.85)% were lower than the control group (8.36±1.12)%.IL-21 were positive correlation with IL-17,Th17 (t=8.886,7.021,4.448,10.112,5.125,P<0.05).In vitro experiments showed that the addition of IL-21 in the culture system,the levels of Th17 (2.41±0.82)%,Th17/Treg cells(32.98±3.12)% were significantly higher than the control group(0.98±0.21)%,(12.25±3.25)%,while Treg (4.75 ±0.68)% were lower than the control group(11.85±0.96)%,the difference was statistically significant (8.521,6.489, 8.236,P<0.05).Conclusion IL-21 levels increased with the pathogenesis of PBC has a close relationship,which can pro-mote the reaction of PDC-E2 Th1 7/Treg immune imbalance caused thereby occurs mediated by PBC.

Objective To explore the best minimal invasive method in treating renal pelvic stones less than 1.5 cm.Methods A total of 90 patients with renal pelvic stone less than 1.5 cm were enrolled, including 47 cases of retrograde intrarenal surgery(RIRS)by rigid and flexible ureteroscopy with holmium laser lithotripsy,and 43 cases of percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)by holmium laser lithotripsy.Opera-tion time,stonefree rate(SFR),hospitalization,and complications were analyzed for comparison.Results The average sizes of stone in the RIRS group and PCNL group were 1.2 cm(range 1.0 ~1.5 cm)and 1.3 cm (1.0 ~1.5 cm),respectively.In the RIRS group,45(95.74%)patients out of 47 had complete clearance and 32 patients needed combination of flexible ureteroscopy to fragmentate the stones falling into the renal calices.The operation time was 44 min(range 27 ~70 min)with postoperative fever in 2 cases.The decrea-sing in hemoglobin and hematocrit was(0.18 ±0.06)g/L and 0.11%,respectively.No major complication was recorded.In PCNL group,the mean operation time was 70min(range 45 ~90 min)with a stone-free rate of 95.35%(41 /43).The decreasing in hemoglobin and hematocrit was(17.25 ±6.70)g/L and 5. 62%,respectively.The complications in PCNL group were postoperative fever in two cases and bleeding in two cases.Conclusion RIRS has the advantages of natural orifice endoscopic surgery in shortening opera-tion time,reducing blood transfusion requirements,and decreasing postoperative complications.For renal pelvic stone less than 1.5 cm,RIRS can be the primary choice.

Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a conginental disorder of enteric nervous system (ENS) and is associated with the abnormal migration of gut neural cerst cell (GNCC).Recent studies showed that the regulation of this migration is a complex gene network.By the development of epigenetic and stem cells,this network is becoming much more clear.Transplantation of the modified gut neural crest stem cells/gut neural crest precursors(GNCSC/GNCP) acquired from the HD bowl is becoming the potential therapy of HD.This paper summerizes the recent advances and is to promote better understanding the pathogenesis of HD.