The author believed that pathogenesis of IGT is yin asthenia,deficiency of both vital energy and yin,obstruct of phlegm and blood stasis,which result from innate deficiency,improper diet,over exertion and so on.According to these pathogenesis,therapeutic principle as supplementing qi and nourishing yin,invigorating vital energy and spleen,removing blood stasis and phlegm,and nourishing yin and kidney are established.Besides,acupuncture and massage have been applied as well.According to the literatures,good potentialities have been shown in traditional Chinese medicine intervening on IGT.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Chaihu on the hepatic cell apoptosis of experimental liver-injured mice and to discuss its mechanism. METHODS: 24 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups : blank control group, model control group, low dosage of Chaihu group and high dosage of Chaihu group, each administered with relevant medications and then killed. The expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 in the hepatic tissue of mice were measured by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: The expression of Bax in Chaihu treatment group was significantly stronger than that in model control group (P

BACKGROUND:The repair and reconstruction of laryngeal structure and function play a crucial role in partial laryngectomy,and the repairing materials and methods have been developed rapidly in recent years.OBJECTIVE:To explore the present application of tissue transplantation on the repair and functional reconstruction after partial laryngectomy,and provide evidences for the selection of repairing materials and reconstructive techniques for laryngeal function.RETRIEVAL STRATEGY:A computer-based search of PubMed database was undertaken to identify the articles of functional reconstruction after partial laryngectomy published from January 1997 to July 2007,with the keywords of "laryngectomy,laryngeal carcinoma/cancer,reconstruction" in English.Simultaneously,Chinese Journal Full-text Database was searched for the relevant articles published between January 2000 and July 2007 with the keywords of "partial laryngectomy,laryngeal carcinoma,repair/reconstruction" in Chinese.Totally 160 relevant articles was retrieved,of which 69 articles were English and 91 articles Chinese.Articles on repair or reconstruction after partial laryngectomy were selected.After the primary filtration,fulltexts of the English articles were checked,and articles on review and with repetitive content were excluded.The articles on clinical research,which were issued in authorized journals,were selected.At last,totally 31 articles were included for review.LITERATURE EVALUTION:Among 31 included articles,16 articles were English and 15 articles Chinese.DATA SYNTHESIS:Functional reconstruction is the key point in course of partial laryngectomy.Technique on repairing postoperative larynx have made a progress,and autologous tissues,such as myofascial flap,flap of strap muscles,myocutaneous flap of neck fascial lata and epiglottis,are extensively used for larynx,which have got good effect.The study of the application of tissue engineering and other variant materials after partial laryngectomy is going on.CONCLUSION:With rapid development of partial laryngectomy,all kinds of repairing materials and reconstruction techniques are used.Repairing postoperative larynx has no fixed mode.It is a very important topic to choose suitable repairing material and reconstruction technique according to different factors such as laryngeal carcinoma type,lesion degree and excision scope,so as to recover the vocalization,respiratory and deglutition function,and raise the patients' survival rate and life quality.

Objective:To analyze and compare pharmacology cognizing between five-year and three-year systems students in medicine to provide materials for teaching innovation.Method:To gather feedbacks from the students and to analyze and induce the cases by EXCEL software.Results:The effectiveness of medicament is the focus.But five-year and three-year systems students concern different problems.57.1% questions raised by three-year system students are about the effectiveness and the effective factors of medicament,while 53.2% by five-year system students are about the effectiveness and the mechanism of medicament.Conclusion: There have been certain differences of pharmacology cognizing between five-year and three-year systems students.

Two cases of labyrinthine ossification were founded in temporal bone exploration and in cochlear implantation. One was caused by temporal bone fracture, the other had bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss but the reason for labyrinthine ossification was unknown. In this case,unilateral total labyrinthine ossification was not confirmed in preoperative CT scan.

Objective To investigate the methylation status of E-cadherin(E-cad)and its protein expression in human small bowel adenocarcinomas(SBAC),and the association of these findings with clinico-pathological characteristics.Methods E-cad gene hypermethylation and its protein expression in 36 patients with primary SBAC and the paired adjacent tissues were tested by methylation-specific PCR(MSP)assay and immunohistochemistry(IHC)respectively.Data associated with clinico-pathological characteristics was analyzed.Results The hypermethylation frequency of E-cad was 38.9% in cancerous tissues and 8.3% in adjacent tissues(P＜0.01).The positive rate of E-cad expression was 41.7% in cancerous tissues and 97.2% in adjacent tissues(P＜0.01).Twelve out of 21 cases without protein expression revealed methylated(P＜0.01).Methylation status was closely related to E-cad protein expression in SBAC.The hypermethylation of E-cad gene and the expression Of E-cad protein were significantly correlated with the depth of invasion,the differentiation and lymph node metastasis(P＜0.05),but were not correlated with other clinico-pathologic parameters such as age,sex,tumor size or location(P＞0.05).Conclusions The hypermethylation of E-cad gene can down regulate the protein expression,which closely related to the depth of invasion,the differentiation and lymph node metastasis.

With the development of radiotherapy techniques,the efficacy of radiotherapy for liver tumors has been improved,and radiothera-py can be considered as an alternative treatment for patients who are not suitable for surgery.The progress in liver tumor radiotherapy repor-ted in the 55th annual meeting of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO)in 2013,particularly the efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver tumors,is reviewed.In the future,radiotherapy may be increasingly used as an ef-fective method in the treatment of liver tumors.The main studies reported at the meeting are sorted as follows in this article.

Objective To explore the method and significance for constructing three-dimensional visual model in bronchial tree of pig lung. Methods A set of pig lung specimen was infused with epoxy resin-lead oxide through the trachea,and then casted. The Mimics 15. 0 was used to construct three-dimensional visual model in bronchial tree of pig lung by utilizing CT data of the cast specimen. Results In the reconstructed three-dimensional visual model of bronchial tree,the three-dimensional effect was realistic. This model not only clearly showed each lobar direction and distribution of bronchial tree,but also allowed three-dimensional arbitrary scaling,shifting or rotating at any angle, and the diameter and distance of each lobar bronchus could be measured with the sofeware. Conclusion The three-dimensional visual model in bronchial tree of pig lung can be successfully reconstructed from the CT dataset by using related sofeware like Mimics,which can bring morphological reference to anatomical teaching and will be helpful to the development of virtual operation.

Objective To investigate which is better for gastroduodenal endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) between right lateral position and left lateral position of patients guided by nurses. Methods A total of 79 patients were randomly assigned to the left and right lateral position groups. Each patient received EUS examination in three parts, which were sinuses ventriculi, duodenal bulb and descendant duodenum. The operating time and the water volume of each patient were recorded in the procedure of EUS. Results Operating time in sinuses ventriculi, duodenal bulb and descendant duodenum of left lateral position group was (9.0±4.0) min, (6.5±3.2) min and (13.6±10.9) min, while (5.7±3.0) min, (3.6± 1.7) min and ( 6.6±5.7) min in right lateral position group, the differences were significant (t=3.098, 2.190, 3.210, P<0.05) . In the meantime, water volume was (892.0±169.5) ml, (898.6±145.9) ml and (1 012.0± 333.2) ml in sinuses ventriculi, duodenal bulb and descendant duodenum of left lateral position group, while (327.1±79.3) ml, (260.6±30.4) ml and (263.8±17.7) ml in three parts of right lateral position group, respectively. Significant differences were found in water volume among subgroups (t=13.798, 11.290, 4.930, P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions In the process of EUS for submucosal lesions at gastric antrum and duodenum, right lateral position instructed by nurses can shorten the operating time and make the procedure easier. This might reduce risks of regurgitation, aspiration, and other related complications.