The production of IL-2 by peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) was compared with that of healthy controls. Patients with AS and RA showed a significant overproduction of IL-2.Membrane-bound IL-2 receptor was recognized by monoclonal anti-Tac antibody by using a flow cytometry. There was a marked increase of IL-2 receptor in patients with RA, while the level of IL-2 receptor in patients with AS was comparable to that of normal controls. The results suggested that there was obvious abnormalities of membrane-bound IL-2 receptor expressing and production of IL-2 in patients with AS and.RA which may contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a serious infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Increasing cases of HIV infection have been detected in adolescents. Intravenous drug abuse and sexual behavior, which are affected by various individual and environmental factors, are the major ways of HIV infection. The current situation and influential factors of HIV infection in adolescents are introduced in this paper.

Objective To investigate the relationship of diabetic nephropathy with serum endothelin-1(ET-1) and C-reactive protein(CRP). Methods Levels of blood pressure, glucose, lipid, creatinine,ET-1,CRP and urinary albumin excretion(UAER) were measured and calculated in 86 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and 30 healthy subjects. Results Serum ET-1 and CRP were significantly higher in T2DM than in control(P<0.05，P<0.01).Serum ET-1 and CRP were increased with increment of serum creatinine and UAER(P<0.05，P<0.01). Conclusions Serum ET-1 and CRP may be involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective　To better understand the clinical characters of juvenile onset spondyloarthropa-thies (JSpA).Methods　The clinical and laboratory data of 190 in-patients with JSpA were analyzed and the diagnosis,classification and differentiation of juvenile onset arthritis were discussed.Results　Among these 190 patients,163 were male,with a male to female ratio 6∶1.Of them 92.1% had the disease after the age of 8.Peak of age at onset was 12 to 15 years;157(82.6%) patients had peripheral arthritis and only 23(12.1%) patients felt low back pain at onset.During the disease course, peripheral arthritis was found in 187(98.4%) patients and the history of low back pain or buttock pain was recorded in 123(64.7%).The interval between peripheral arthritis and low back pain was from 0 to 20 years,with an average of (3.2±4.5)years.Extra-articular features including enthesitis in 67(35.3%)patients,dactylitis in 20(10.5%),iritis in 9(4.7%) were observed.HLA-B27 was positive in 87.9%(160/182) patients.Sacroiliitis on X-ray was observed in 76.0%(136/179) patients,and 106(55.8%) patients were diagnosed juvenile ankylosing spondylitis (JAS) according to 1984 New York modified criteria.The average disease course in JAS was (6.3±6.2) years,longer than that in JSpA (P＜0.01).Conclusion　The concept of JSpA is helpful to early diagnosis and treatment of juvenile onset arthritis.The JSpA are characterized by asymmetric lower limb predominant oligoarthritis,a wide spectrum of extra-articular features,presence of HLA-B27 and familial history of SpA or psoriasis.It will take an average of 6.3 years for JSpA patients to fulfill the diagnostic criteria of adult AS.

The paper analyzed the development and main problems of medical records management in hospitals,and proposed a number of measures based on the ongoing healthcare reform for medical records management in the hospitals.These include targeted management; innovative management model to enhance service; enhanced information security for better protection of patient privacy and hospital's intangible assets; modern management theories and technologies for resolving remaining problems in medical records management; scientific building of medical records quality control system.On such basis,the paper discussed the development trend and strategy of hospital medical records management.

ObjectiveFrom the view of the frequence of codes applying,investigate the situation of the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Disease Clinical Modification of Beijing and to support the further development and application.MethodsFigure out the difference of the frequence of codes between before and post application of coding on clinical modification,to compare and make analysis for them.Results Got lists of percentage periods frequence of codes on classification of disease calculated from all secondary and above level hospitals in Beijing in the year of 2006,2007 and 2008.Conclusionthe Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Disease Clinical Modification of Beijing is well compatible with WHO ICD-10 on the level of applicable codes set; the refine work is effective and balance for codes applying; the localization should be done first before applying ICD-10.

The important difference between post-graduate and undergraduate education is to train their reseach ability,which is very important especially to the post-graduate students of basic medicine who will be researchers.The problem in training research ability of post-graduate was studied in this paper and solution plan was put forward.

Moral hazard in the catastrophic disease health insurance has challenged the sustainability of med-ical budget funds. This paper studies the health care reimbursement rule to counteract moral hazard. Theoretical a-nalysis shows that in the target to maximize social welfare, the optimal rule is to provide consumers who choose low-cost treatment with subsidies and charge a co-payment to those who choose high-cost one. Adopting simulation ap-proach shows that this difference with respect to single reimbursement rules, healthcare expenses and medical insur-ance premiums will be significantly reduced compared to a unified co-payment ratio. This paper also selects the sensitivity test simulation parameters and the results show that different values will not change the herein disclosed mechanism results.

Objective As a special type of chronic pancreatitis, autoimmune pancreatitis ( AIP ) is gradually being recognized?In 2001,researchers found that serum IgG4 levels were significantly increased in AIP patients,2% of chronic pancreatitis was 1?AIP; 1?AIP was considered a systemic disease associated with IgG4?So far,a number of autoimmune antigens associated with 1?AIP have been identified,but the role of IgG4 in the disease is certain,because the pathogenesis of the disease is not sure,the diagnosis and treatment of AIP is not optimistic.

Recent studies of immunology have aroused new interest in regulatory T cell for immune responses,and scientists have recognized that suppressor T cells exist in vivo and regulatory T(Treg) cells play a crucial role in mediating immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases.This article reviews the types,characteristics,mechanisms,and roles of Treg in immune tolerance,aiming to offer some important theoretical evidence for the treatment of allograft rejection and autoimmune diseases.