Ultrasound,MRI and mammography play significant roles in diagnosis,staging and follow-up of patients with breast cancer.With the development of individualized treatment of breast cancer,the molecular classification of breast cancer has vital reference value for treatment protocols.The requirements of medical imaging evolve from detecting breast cancer by morphological characteristics to making more accurate diagnosis using functional imaging for breast cancer.Correlations between molecular subtypes and ultrasonic,mammographic and MRI features of breast cancer attract broad attention.The correlation of molecular subtypes with uhrasound,MRI and mammography features in breast cancer patients were reviewed in this article.

Objective:To investigate the feedback regulation of transforming growth factor ?(TGF-?)to tumor necrosis factor-? converting enzyme.Methods:Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and immunochemistry were applied to detect TACE mRNA and protein in mice endometria of experiment group(TGF-? antibody was injected)and control group(saline was injected).Results:The expressions of TACE mRNA and protein in control group were higher than in experiment group.Conclusion: TGF-? could feedback on TACE expression in mice endometria and TACE-TGF-?-EGFR might one of the regulations during blastocyst implantation.

Objective To establish a pre-column derivatization-high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method for the determination of free formaldehyde in Sabin strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine(IPV)(Vero cells), validate and apply the method, so as to provide a new method for the determination of free formaldehyde in vaccines.Methods The sample was derivatized with 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and loaded onto a C18 chromatographic column(5 μm, 120 ?, 4. 6 mm ×250 mm). The detection wavelength, mobile phase ratio, flow rate, derivatization time, temperature, buffer solution, and derivatization container were optimized for the separation conditions. The specificity, linearity, repeatability, accuracy, limit of detection(LOD), limit of quantitation(LOQ) and robustness of the method were verified. The content of free formaldehyde in 20 batches of IPV(Vero cells) was detected by using the optimized method.Results Chromatographic conditions: acetonitrile and water in a 70∶30 volume ratio as mobile phase, flow rate 0. 6 mL/min, determination at a wavelength of 352 nm.Derivatization conditions: 0. 5 mL of acetonitrile solution containing 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and 0. 25 mL of pH 5. 0buffer were added, followed by a 20 min incubation in 60 ℃ water bath. This chromatographic separation conditions effectively separated 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and formaldehyde derivatives, and the acetaldehyde had no effect on the determination results. In the range of 0. 05-100 μg/mL, formaldehyde standard concentration exhibited a good linear relationship with the peak area, with the r value of 0. 999 9. The relative standard deviations(RSDs) of six test results in the repeatability test was 0. 36%. The recovery rates of formaldehyde content in nine samples were between 102. 0% and 107. 0%. The LOD and LOQ were 0. 025 and 0. 05 μg/mL, respectively. The sample remained stable for 48 h after derivation, showing good robustness. The results of the same batch of samples had good repeatability, and the formaldehyde content was between 4. 5-9. 9 μg/dose.Conclusion The established method has the advantages of wide measurement range, good linearity and high accuracy, and can accurately quantify free formaldehyde in Sabin strain IPV(Vero cells), which can be used as an auxiliary detection method for free formaldehyde content in vaccine products, and is of great significance to the lot release and quality supervision for vaccines.

Objective To establish a pre-column derivatization-high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method for the determination of free formaldehyde in Sabin strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine(IPV)(Vero cells), validate and apply the method, so as to provide a new method for the determination of free formaldehyde in vaccines.Methods The sample was derivatized with 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and loaded onto a C18 chromatographic column(5 μm, 120 ?, 4. 6 mm ×250 mm). The detection wavelength, mobile phase ratio, flow rate, derivatization time, temperature, buffer solution, and derivatization container were optimized for the separation conditions. The specificity, linearity, repeatability, accuracy, limit of detection(LOD), limit of quantitation(LOQ) and robustness of the method were verified. The content of free formaldehyde in 20 batches of IPV(Vero cells) was detected by using the optimized method.Results Chromatographic conditions: acetonitrile and water in a 70∶30 volume ratio as mobile phase, flow rate 0. 6 mL/min, determination at a wavelength of 352 nm.Derivatization conditions: 0. 5 mL of acetonitrile solution containing 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and 0. 25 mL of pH 5. 0buffer were added, followed by a 20 min incubation in 60 ℃ water bath. This chromatographic separation conditions effectively separated 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and formaldehyde derivatives, and the acetaldehyde had no effect on the determination results. In the range of 0. 05-100 μg/mL, formaldehyde standard concentration exhibited a good linear relationship with the peak area, with the r value of 0. 999 9. The relative standard deviations(RSDs) of six test results in the repeatability test was 0. 36%. The recovery rates of formaldehyde content in nine samples were between 102. 0% and 107. 0%. The LOD and LOQ were 0. 025 and 0. 05 μg/mL, respectively. The sample remained stable for 48 h after derivation, showing good robustness. The results of the same batch of samples had good repeatability, and the formaldehyde content was between 4. 5-9. 9 μg/dose.Conclusion The established method has the advantages of wide measurement range, good linearity and high accuracy, and can accurately quantify free formaldehyde in Sabin strain IPV(Vero cells), which can be used as an auxiliary detection method for free formaldehyde content in vaccine products, and is of great significance to the lot release and quality supervision for vaccines.

China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Tobacco Use Cessation ; methods ; Tobacco Use Disorder ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; World Health Organization

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; therapeutic use ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; therapeutic use ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Urinary Calculi ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinical curative effects of gluteal muscle contracture release combined with insertion of gluteus maximus tendo-chilles lengthening with Z-shaped in treating severe gluteal muscles contracture.

METHODSFrom 2006 May to 2011 May, 20 patients (35 sides) with severe gluteal muscle contracture were collected, including 12 males and 8 females, aged from 8 to 34 years old with an average of 13 years old; the courses of disease ranged from 3 to 21 years. All patients manifested abnormal gait at different degree, knees close together cannot squat,positive syndrome of Ober, positive test of alice leg. Gluteus contracture fascia release were performed firstly in operation, then insertion of tendo-chilles lengthening with Z-shaped were carried out. Preoperative and postoperative gait, and knee flexion hip extensor squat test, cross leg test, adduction and internal rotary activity of hip joint, stretch strength and motor ability after hip abduction were observed and compared.

RESULTSTwenty patients were followed up for 1 to 5 years. Gluteus maximus were released thoroughly, and snapping hip was disappeared, Ober syndrome were negative. There was significant differences in knee flexion hip extensor squat test, adduction and internal rotary activity of hip joint,stretch before and after operation (P<0.01). Gluteus muscle strength was protected,stretch strength and motor ability of hip joint were recovered well. Among them,31 cases got excellent results and 4 good.

CONCLUSIONFor severe gluteal muscles contracture,insertion of gluteus maximus tendo-chilles lengthening with Z-shaped performed after gluteus contracture fascia release could release gluteal muscle contracture to the greatest extent and obtain postoperative curative effect without resection of normal hip muscle fibers and destroy joint capsule.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Buttocks ; surgery ; Child ; Contracture ; surgery ; Female ; Hip ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; surgery ; Thigh ; surgery ; Young Adult

Humans ; Pleural Effusion ; etiology ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; physiology

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; blood ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Cold Temperature ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Hydrocortisone ; blood ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Swine

Objective To evaluate the changes of pulmonary gas exchange and intrapulmonary shunt during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) Methods Eleven ASA Ⅲ Ⅳ patients (male 8, female 3) with end stage liver diseases were studied Age ranged from 17 67 yr Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0 1 mg?kg -1 , fentanyl 5?g?kg -1 and pipecuronium 0 1 mg?kg -1 and maintained with isoflurane inhalation and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl and pipecuronium combined with epidural anesthesia (T 8 9 ) The patients were mechanically ventilated with 100% O 2 during operation After induction of anesthesia Swan Ganz catheter was inserted via right internal jugular or subclavian vein Cardiac output (CO),mixed venous oxygen saturation and core venous temperature were continuously monitored with continuous cardiac output monitor (Baxter,Vigilance) ECG, CVP, SpO 2 and P ET CO 2 were also continuously monitored during operation Radial artery was cannulated for continuous direct blood pressure monitoring Arterial and mixed venous blood samples were taken at the beginning of operation, 120 min during preanhepatic stage, 30 and 60 min during anhepatic stage, 5 and 60 min during neohepatic stage and at the end of operation Alveolar arterial oxygen partial pressure difference (A aDO 2) , intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) , oxygen delivery index (DO 2I) and oxygen consumption (VO 2 I ) were calculated During operation body temperature was maintained above 35 5℃ Veno venous bypass (VVB) was performed during anhepatic stage Results At the beginning of operation, when FiO 2 was 100%, PaO 2 was only (376?141) mmHg, A aDO 2 and Qs/Qt were all higher than normal values There were no significant changes in all parameters 120 min during preanhepatic stage as compared with those at the beginning of operation PaO 2 increased and A aDO 2 and VO 2I decreased significantly during anhepatic stage Qs/Qt, A aDO 2 and PaCO 2 increased and PaO 2 decreased significantly, but there were no significant changes in cardiac index, DO 2I and VO 2I during early neohepatic stage Cardiac index, DO 2I and VO 2I increased at 60 min during neohepatic stage and at the end of operation Conclusions There are severe changes of pulmonary gas exchange during OLT