Objective To explore the effects of maternal cypermethrin exposure during lactation on testicle development and steroidogenesis of weaning offspring, and to provide a theoretical basis for the toxicity study of cypermethrin on reproduction.Methods Twenty-one healthy pregnant mice(clean animal) were randomly divided into three groups.Maternal mice were orally administered with different doses of cypermethrin [0,6.25 and 25 mg(/kg?d),10 ml/kg] dissolved in corn oil daily from postnatal day 1(PND1) to PND21.Fifteen male pups were randomly selected from each group and sacrificed at PND21 after exposure.The testicle organ coefficients were calculated.Serum testosterone(T) and estrogen(E2),testicle T were measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA).Histopathological changes in the testicle tissues were observed by HE stain.Testicle cells apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL).Results A significant decrease was observed in body weight and the testicle organ coefficients in cypermethrin-treated group was in a dose-dependent manner(P0.05).Histological examination showed that maternal cypermethrin exposure markedly decreased the number and layers of spermatogenic cells,increased the inside diameter(ID) of seminiferous tubules,and disturbed the array of spermatogenic cells in testicle sections of pups at PND21.No significant effect on apoptosis of testicle cells was seen.Conclusion Maternal cypermethrin exposure during lactation may damage testicles and steroidogenesis of weaning offspring.

Objective To evaluate the value of technetium-99m methoxy isobutyl isonitrile (99Tcm-MIBI)tomography and integrated CT in preoperative localization diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).Methods 28 patients with SHPT were selected.15 minutes and 90 minutes (delayed images)after intravenous administration of 99Tcm-MIBI 370 MBq,static anterior planar images of the neck and chest were obtained.99Tcm-MIBI tomography and integrated CT scan were acquired after the delayed imaging.The imaging findings were compared to the pathological results.Results The detection rate of SHPT lesions by 99Tcm-MIBI dua-phase imaging and 99Tcm-MIBI tomography and registration with integrated CT scan was 53.3％ and 70.7％ respectively.The difference had statistical significance(X2 =5.903,P＜0.05).The fusion imaging with integrated CT can provide detailed anatomy data and more information for surgical doctors.Conclusion 99Tcm-MIBI tomography and registration with integrated CT scan can improve the detection rate of SHPT compared with 99Tcm-MIBI dua-phase imaging,provide more detailed anatomy data,and has high clinical value in preoperative localization and diagnosis of SHPT.

ObjectiveTo analyze the long term efficacy and prognosis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) combined immunosuppressive therapy in primary biliary cirrhosis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome (PBC-AIH). Methods A total of 44 PBC-AIH cases were selected from 387 autoimmune liver diseases cases in The General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2001 to January 2011,and the medical data,treatments and efficacies were retrospective analyzed.ResultsThe serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),alkaline phosphatase (ALP),γ glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and total bilirubin (TBil) increased in different degrees in 44 PBC-AIH patients.Globulin or immunoglobulin G(IgG) increased in 84.09％(37/44) patients,immunoglobulin M(IgM) increased in 38.63％ (17/44) patients.The positive rate of antinuclear anti-body (ANA), anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)and anti-smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) was 97.73％,90.91％ and 11.36％,respectively. Pathological features were interface hepatitis and different degrees of intrahepatic bile ducl injuries. After UDCA combined immunosuppressant treatment,the remission rate was 61.36 ％ (27/44),the incomplete response rate was 29.55％ (13/44) and the treatment failure rate was 9.09％ (4/44).Six cases with remission withdrawal medicine,and the recurrence rate was 5/6.By the end of follow-up,the levels of ALT,AST,ALP,GGT and TBil significantly decreased in PBC-AIH patients compared with those before treatment.ALP,GGT,ALT and AST levels significantly decreased in the first 6 months while ALP and GGT showed slight upward trend at the end of follow up. The disease progression rate was 25.33％ in PBC-AIH patients (13/44) during the follow-up,and the 10 year survival rate was 93.33％ (28/30).ConclusionUDCA combined immunosuppressive therapy in PBC AIH treatment can significantly improve patients' blood biochemical indexes,delay disease progression,improve survival rate,and the remission rate is also high.However the recurrence rate is high after withdrawal of medicine.

Objective To explore the risk factors of stroke- associated pneumonia (SAP) in stroke patients. Methods A retrospective study was designed to analyze the clinical data of 159 patients with stroke. They were divided into SAP group (n=35) and non-SAP group (n=124). Their age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, gastric mucosal protective agents, dysphagia after stroke (DAS), stroke history, type of stroke, hypoproteinemia, disturbance of consciousness, nasal feeding and smoking were analyzed with univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results 22% of the 159 patients suffered from SAP. Univariate analysis showed, there was statistical difference in age (P<0.01), gastric mucosal protective agents (P<0.01), DAS (P<0.01), hypoalbuminemia (P<0.05), disturbance of consciousness (P<0.05), nasal feeding (P<0.001) and smoking (P<0.01) between two groups. Binary Logistic regression for the multivariate analysis indicated that age≥70 years old, DAS, nasal feeding and smoking were the risk factors related with SAP. After adjusting for all other variables, the odds of SAP were 5.119 times higher for patients requiring nasal feeding than those without nasal feeding. Conclusion There is a high morbidity for SAP, which is attributed to multiple factors. Age≥70, DAS, nasal feeding and smoking may be the most important risk factors related with SAP.

Objective To study the apoptosis-inducing effects and mechanisms of influenza virus A H_ 3 N_ 2 on a self-established endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line JEC. Methods JEC cells were infected with different concentrations of H_3N_2, the apoptosis were detected using the HE staining, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. The expressions of Fas, FasL and TGF-? were examined by immunocytochemical staining. Results After infection, the JEC cells showed the morphological apoptosis; DNA agarose electrophoresis demonstrated a ladder-like pattern of DNA fragments; FITC/PI stained FCM showed the apoptotic rate of JEC had been decreased along with the prolonging of infected time and elevated with the increase of the virus concentrations. Immunocytochemical staining showed that enhanced expression of Fas, attenuated expression of TGF-?, and no expression of FasL after H_3N_2 infection. Conclusion Influenza virus A H_3N_2 can induce JEC cells to apoptosis in time- and concentration- dependent manners, which may be related with the expressions of Fas and TGF-?.

Objectives To determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) colonization and S. aureus-derived exotoxins in lesions of childhood atopic dermatitis (AD) and evaluate the role of S.aureus-derived exotoxins in the pathogenesis of childhood AD. Methods Specimens were taken from the skin lesions of 148 patients, non-lesional skin of 30 patients, and the skin of 250 controls for bacterial cultures. S. aureus-derived exotoxins were detected by reverse passive latex agglutination. Total IgE levels were determined with immunoradiometric assay. Results The prevalence of S. aureus colonization was significantly increased in both the lesional and non-lesional skin of patients with AD in comparison with the controls (P 0.05). However, patients with increased total IgE levels showed significantly high SCORAD indices (P

Animals ; Diet ; adverse effects ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; etiology ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Physical Conditioning, Animal

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of the plasma growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods A total of 100 patients with CHF were in?cluded in this study (CHF group), and 30 healthy persons were used as control group. CHF group was divided into heart func? tionⅡgrade (n=35),Ⅲgrade (n=32),Ⅳgrade (n=33) groups in accordance with New York Heart Association (NYHA). And CHF group was also divided into left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)<0.4 grade (n=52) and LVEF≥0.4 grade (n=48) groups in accordance with LVEF of patients. The plasma GDF-15 and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were detected by ELISA. The values of LVEF, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd), left ventricular systolic diameter (LVDs) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were detected by echocardiography. The correlation of GDF-15, NYHA classifi?cation, BNP and index of echocardiography was analyzed between groups. Results Compared with control group, the levels of BNP, GDF-15, LVDd and LVDs were significantly higher in heart failure group, and values of LVEF and LVFS were sig?nificantly lower (P<0.05). The plasma levels of BNP, GDF-15, LVDd and LVDs were in turn increased in control group, LVEF≥0.4 grade group and LVEF<0.4 grade group. The plasma levels of LVFS were in turn decreased, in control group, LVEF≥0.4 grade group and LVEF<0.4 grade group (P<0.05). There were positive correlations between the plasma levels of GDF-15 and BNP, NYHA, LVDd and LVDs (r=0.524, 0.286, 0.453 and 0.531, P<0.05). The plasma level of GDF-15 was negatively correlated with LVEF and LVFS (r=-0.592,-0.587,P<0.05). Conclusion The plasma level of GDF-15 can be used as a new marker for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure.

Aim To determine the effects of Qiliqian-gxin injected into lateral ventricle on Cardiac function, angiotensin Ⅱ( Ang Ⅱ) , angiotensin converting en-zyme(ACE), angiotensin type 1 receptor(AT1R) and the sympathetic nervous system in the hypothalamic pa-raventricular nucleus of rats with chronic heart failure. Methods Rat model of heart failure was prepared by acute myocardial infarction that was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Four weeks after heart failure, Qiliqiangxin and Losartan were continuously administered via a syringe pump in-jector connected to lateral ventricle. After four weeks, echocardiogram was used to evaluate the cardiac func-tion and HE was used to observe myocardial tissue morphology, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure plasma norepinephrine( NE) , ser-um NT-proBNP and Ang Ⅱ in the paraventricular nu-cleus. The expression of ACE and AT1 R at mRNA and protein levels in the paraventricular nucleus was deter-mined by Real-time PCR and Western blot, and the RSNA was measured by PowerLab in anesthetized rats. Results Compared with the sham control, the cardiac function was significantly lower while the AngII, ACE, AT1 R expression in the paraventricular nucleus and RSNA were significantly increased in rats with heart failure. Compared with heart failure control, Qiliqian-gxin and Losartan decreased the RSNA and the AngII, ACE, AT1 R expression in the paraventricular nucleus. Conclusion Giving traditional Chinese medicine to the lateral ventricles can decrease the activation of the RAS system, reduce the renal sympathetic nerve activi-ty and improve cardiac function.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of successfully switching to sequential ventilation in patients with prolonged weaning due to acute respiratory failure (ARF) after thoracolaparotomy based on the initial rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) at 60 min after spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), namely, the f/VT optimal value range of 80-120 times/ (min · L), thus providing the basis for determining the ideal timing of weaning in clinical practice.Methods A prospective observational study of sequential ventilation [RSBI during the initial SBT (60 min), 80-120 breaths/ (min · L)] was carried out in 42 patients on mechanical ventilation (≥ 48 h) due to post-thoracolaparotomy ARF in the ICUs.According to the duration of the mechanical ventilation, the patients were divided into 2 groups : successfully prolonged weaning group (≥ 7 days, n =24) and refractory weaning group (＜ 7 days, n =18).The patients with cardiac failure, aged less 18 or over 80, with hepatic dysfunction, or those needing gastrointestinal decompression after esophageal surgery or upper abdomen surgery were excluded.The demographics, APACHE Ⅱ scores and duration of mechanical ventilation of both groups were recorded, and the respiratory work and oxygen metabolism variables before the switch to sequential ventilation (within 24 hours after admission to ICU) and at the time of switching (24 hours in the ICU after admission) were recorded, respectively: clinical puhnonary infection score (CPIS), assessment of cough severity, pH, PaO2, PaCO2 and PaO2/FiO2;hemodynamic and microcirculation-related variables: HR, MAP, fluid balance, BNP and Lac;endocrine and metabolism variables : Hb, ALB and random serum cortisol (COR).The clinical features and the changes of the above-mentioned variables before and at the time of switching were compared between both groups.The independent sample t test was used for the single factor comparison and Mann-Whitney U test was applied to the non-normal distributions.The Fisher exact probability test was used for the single factor comparison of ranked data such as categorical variables.Results There were no significant differences in age, gender and severity of disease between two groups (P ＞ 0.05);the successfully prolonged weaning group had longer duration of invasive mechanical ventilation and ICU stay compared with the refractory weaning group (P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in cough severity, PaCO2, pH, HR and fluid balance between two groups before switching (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with those before switching, in the refractory weaning group there were marked decrease in Lac (P ＜ 0.05), obvious increase in cough severity, pH, Hb and ALB (P ＜ 0.05), but there was no significant difference in COR (P ＞ 0.05);while in the successfully delayed weaning group, there were significant decrease in CPIS, PaCO2, HR, MAP, BNP, fluid balance and Lac (P ＜ 0.05), and cough severity, pH, ALB and COR showed an upward trend (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The key of successful sequential ventilation is within the values of RSBI ranging from 80 to 120 times/ (min · L) during the initial SBT (60 min) selected as the switching point in patients with prolonged weaning after thoracolaparotomy.The major influencing factors for determining the ideal timing of switching include the matching status between respiratory endurance and respiratory work, the balance between myocardial strength and both cardiac preload and afterload, the severe disease associated with adrenal insufficiency, and malnutrition.