Objective To compare the clinical value of ultrasound and X-ray guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( PCNL) for treat-ment of kidney calculi. Methods We searched relevant clinical controlled articles in PubMed,EMBASE/Cochrane library and CNKI data-base. The outcome indicators included stone clearance rate, complication rate,puncture time,blood loss,and hospital days. All data were ana-lyzed by Revman 5. 0 software. Results There were 9 articles involved in 1693 patients. The results suggested that there was no significant difference in stone clearance rate between ultrasound group and X-ray group[OR=1. 11,95%CI(0. 83,1. 49),P=0. 47]. However,the complication [OR=0. 43,95%CI (0. 27,0. 69),P=0. 0004],time to puncture[WMD= -4. 54,95%CI( -0. 45,-8. 62),P=0. 03], blood loss[WMD= -22. 77,95%CI( -36. 57,-8. 97),P=0. 001],and hospital days[WMD= -0. 16,95%CI( -0. 28,-0. 03),P=0. 02] were better in ultrasound group than those in X-ray group. Conclusion Ultrasound and X-ray guided PCNL had an equal stone clear-ance rate,but it seemed that ultrasound was better than X-ray in time to puncture and hospital days after operation. However,the results of this meta-analysis should be treated carefully because of limitation of data and heterogeneity.

Objective In this study,we elucidated the role of high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat and the antagonist role of ethyl pyruvate by using a rat model of CIA as the research object by comparing the expression of HMGB1 in normal control group,CIA model group and ethyl pyruvate group.Methods Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12):normal control group,CIA group and ethyl pyruvate group.Then the 6 rats were dissected at the 6th,9th week respectively.Thc expression of HMGB1 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Pathology-image analysis software in the cytoplasma.The expression of HMGB1 mRNA with real time-polymerse chain reaction (PCR) was evaluate,and the HMGB1 expression of each group were compared with t-test.Results The immunohistochemical results of HMGB1 showed that the expression intensity in the normal control group,CIA model group and ethyl pyruvate group was 2.1±0.6,7.3±1.2,6.0±1.2 respectively at the 6th week; and 2.2±0.7,12.4±4.5,5.5±1.0 at the 9th week respectively.The HMGB1 mRNA real time-PCR results had shown that the relative quantification of the normal control group and CIA model group were 1,2.865,2.602respectively at the 6th week and 1.005,4.694,1.729 at the 9th week.At those two points, the HMGB1 expressions of HMGB1 antagonist group were significantly higher than those of the normal controls (P＜0.05).In addition,there was statistical significant difference(P＜0.05) in the HMGB1 expression when compared with the placebo group.Furthermore, when the degree of HMGB1 expression among the three groups was compared,the HMGB1 antagonist group was decreased significantly (P＜0.05).Conclusion The results has demonstrated that HMGB1 could induce inflammation in the synovial tissue of CIA rats,and has provided the rationale that HMBG 1 could be the target of treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA).The results of this study have shown that ethyl pyruvate could antagonize the effect of HMGB1.This finding may provide a new therapeutic target for the treatment of RA.

Objective To compare the significance of DNA-associated autoantibodies to cell membrane(cmDNA)in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)detected with indirect immunofluorescence on human B lymphoma cell line Raji and pmmyelocytic line HL60.Methods Indirect immunofluorescence assay both on cell line Raji and HL60 was used to measure anti-cmDNA antibodies in sera of 306 SLE patients.192 patients with other rheumatic diseases and 50 healthy controls.Results Indirect immunofluorescence assay on cell line Raji was used to measure anti-cmDNA antibodies.72.5% SLE and 10.4% other rheumatic diseases were positive for anti-cmDNA,but negative in 50 blood donors(P<0.01).Indirect immunofluorescence assay on cell line HL60 was used to measure anti-cmDNA antibodies,76.1% SLE and 16.7% other rheumatic diseases were positive for anti-cmDNA,but negative in 50 blood donors(P<0.01).The sensitivity of anti-cmDNA were 72.5%and 76.1%,respectively.The specificity of anti-cmDNA was 91.7% and 86.8%,respectively.There was no significant difference in sensitivity and spocificity(P>0.05).The methods of culture,freeze and resuscitation on the two cells were similar.but cell line Raji was easier to resuscitate than cell line HL60.Observing with fluorescence microscope.we find that cmDNA was expressed on the both cells and the staining was stronger on cellline Raji than HL60.Conclusion Anti-cmDNA antibody has high positivity which is one of the most valuable marker in the diagnosis of SLE.We recommend to measure anti-cmDNA antibodies with indirect immunofluorescence assay on cell line Raji rather than HL60.

ObjectiveTo compare the significance of anti-cmDNA antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients detected with IIF on human's B lymphoma cell line Raji and promyelocytic line HL60.The diagnostic value of anti-cmDNA antibody in SLE was also explored.MethodsThree hundred and six patients with SLE were included in this study.As control groups,we included 192 patients with other rheumatic diseases and 50 healthy controls.The testing method for anti-cmDNA antibody was set up.The assessment of the significance of anti-cmDNA antibody in SLE detected with IIF on cell line Raji and HL60 was carried out andthe diagnostic value of anti-cmDNA antibody in SLE was investigated.ANA and antidsDNA antibody were measured by IIF at the same time.Anti-Sm was measured by immuno-diffusion andWestern blotting.AnuA was tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The statistical methods used in this study including McNemar X2 test,Spearman related test and Logistic regression analysis.Results The fluorescence brightness of Raji cell line was stronger than HL60 cell line.There was no statistically significant difference in the sensitivity and specificity of anti-cmDNA antibody in SLE detected with IIF with Raji or HL60 cell lines (P＞0.05).The sensitivity of anti-cmDNA antibody detected with IIF on Raji cell line was higher than anti-dsDNA antibody and anti-Sm antibody(P＜0.01),while the specificity of anti-cmDNA antibody was similar to anti-dsDNA antibody (P＞0.05) and was lower than anti-Sin antibody (P＜0.01).The sensitivity of anti-cmDNA antibody was similar to AnuA(P＞0.05) and the specificity was lower than AnuA (P＜0.01).The sensitivity of ANA was higher than anti-cmDNA antibody (P＜0.01) and the specificity was much lower than anti-cmDNA antibody(P＜0.01).The sensitivities of anti-dsDNA antibody,anti-Sm antibody and AnuA were much higher when combined with anti-dsDNA antibody than any one antibody only (P＜0.05).Anti-cmDNA antibody was correlated with mucosa ulcer in SLE patients(OR=2.343,P=0.029).The ESR of SLE patients was also correlated with anti-cmDNA antibody(OR=l.031,P=0.012).Anti-cmDNA antibody was not correlated with SLEDAI (r=0.070,P=0.600).ConclusionRaji cell line is better than HL60 cell line in detecting anti-cmDNA antibody with IIF.Anti-cmDNA antibody has higher sensitivity and specificity in SLE.Combined detection of anti-cmDNA antibody and other autoantibodies can further improve the diagnostic accuracy of SLE.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin antibodies (anti-MCV) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and compare it with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP), rheumatoid factors (RF). Methods Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to detect anti-MCV antibodies in a group of 177 RA patients, 46 patients with other rheumatic diseases, and 48 healthy blood donors. At the same time, anti-CCP, RF were detected. T test and χ2 test were selected. Results The average concentration of anti-MCV was (523±376) U/ml in RA, (96± 55) U/ml in patients with other rheumatic diseases, (34±18) U/ml in healthy controls. Different threshold levels (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 U/ml) for positive results were calculated bythe areas under the ROC curve (the areas were 0.521, 0.706, 0.769, 0.791, 0.816, 0.826, 0.822), then the best diagnosis efficacy for RA was determined as more than 120 U/ml. At this level, the sensitivity and the specificity for anti-MCV were 80.1% and 80.9% for RA diagnosis. The positive and negative predictive value were 92% and 67.8%. Comparing with anti-CCP, anti-MCV showed comparable specificity but higher sensitivity. And it's also better than RF apparently. If all 3 antibodies were detected at the same time, or anti-MCV combine with one of them, the sensitivity would increase to 95.7%. In addition, Anti-MCV showed positive in 32 of 67(55.2%) patients with RA whose anti-CCP was negative, meanwhile 31 of 59 (52.5%) patients with RA whose RF was negative. Conclusion RF and anti-CCP are complementary in diagnosing RA. The combination detection of RF and anti-CCP could significantly improve the specificity for the diagnosis of RA.

Objective To retrospectively evaluate the safety ,technical success rate and long‐term efficacy of the hepatic mul‐tiple cavernous hemangioma with super selective arterial cheoembolization .Methods 6 cases multiple hepatic cavernous hemangio‐ma by clinical diagnosed between 2004-2011 years in our hospital ,Through arterial super selective and completely filling cheoem‐bolization by Pingyang mycin lipiodol emulsion(PYM‐Lip) ,To assess the long‐term efficacy .by multi slice spiral CT enhanced scan‐ning and carry on relevant statistics processing in postoperative 6 ,12 ,36months .Results 26 lesions were embolismed in 6 cases multiple hepatic cavernous hemangioma ,Among the number of successful embolization were 15 of 1 cases ,2 of 4 cases ,3 of 1 cases , respectively .26 lesions was decreased with different degrees ,which the diameter of lesions were reduced with embolismed by CT enhanced scanning in postoperative 6 ,12 ,36months and diameter reduced> 50% ,diameter reduced≤50% ,lesions disappear was 38% (10/26) ,54% (14/26) ,8% (2/26) ,62% (16/26) ,23% (6/26) ,15% (4/26) ,69% (18/26) ,12% (3/26) ,19% (5/26) .Technical operation success rate 100% ,not serious complications occurred .There are statistically significant differences in the size of lesions before and after operation(P<0 .01) .Conclusion The technique success rate was high ,minimally invasive ,the complications was less ,the curative efficacy was obvious by transcatheter arterial super selective cheoembolizaton with hepatic multiple cavernous he ‐mangioma .

Acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)is a group of clinical syndromes related to severe acute liver function damage and multiple organ failure caused by various acute inducing factors on the basis of chronic liver disease.Due to its serious condition,rapid progression and high mortality,it has attracted more and more attention.Recent studies have shown that the pathogenesis of ACLF mainly includes direct injury and immune injury.As the main immune cells in the liver,the immunoregulatory role of liver macrophages in ACLF has been increasingly recognized.Liver macrophages have excellent phenotype conversion function and plasticity characteristics under the influence of epigenetic reprogramming or local microenvironment.This adaptive expression ability can use key mediators to promote the early conversion of anti-inflammatory phenotype to alleviate liver injury.A large number of studies have shown that liver macrophages have a certain potential in reversing the process of ACLF.Therefore,from the perspective of the plasticity characteristics of liver macrophages,this paper expounds the role of liver macrophages in ACLF and the research on the intervention of ACLF disease process,and summarizes its potential significance in the treatment of ACLF.

Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm) infections affect domestic dogs, cats, and various wild mammals with increasing incidence in temperate and tropical areas. More sensitive antibody detection methodologies are required to diagnose asymptomatic dirofilariasis with low worm burdens. Applying current transcriptomic technologies would be useful to discover potential diagnostic markers for D. immitis infection. A filarial homologue of the mammalian translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) was initially identified by screening the assembled transcriptome of D. immitis (DiTCTP). A BLAST analysis suggested that the DiTCTP gene shared the highest similarity with TCTP from Loa loa at protein level (97%). A histidine-tagged recombinant DiTCTP protein (rDiTCTP) of 40 kDa expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) showed immunoreactivity with serum from a dog experimentally infected with heartworms. Localization studies illustrated the ubiquitous presence of rDiTCTP protein in the lateral hypodermal chords, dorsal hypodermal chord, muscle, intestine, and uterus in female adult worms. Further studies on D. immitis-derived TCTP are warranted to assess whether this filarial protein could be used for a diagnostic purpose.
Animal Structures/chemistry ; Animals ; Antibodies, Helminth/blood ; Antigens, Helminth/chemistry/*genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification ; Cloning, Molecular ; Dirofilaria immitis/chemistry/*genetics/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/genetics/immunology/isolation & purification ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tumor Markers, Biological/chemistry/*genetics/immunology/*isolation & purification

Objective:To investigate the pathological characteristics and the clinical significance of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (termed by WHO as coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19).Methods:Minimally invasive autopsies from lung, heart, kidney, spleen, bone marrow, liver, pancreas, stomach, intestine, thyroid and skin were performed on three patients died of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Chongqing, China. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE), transmission electron microcopy, and histochemical staining were performed to investigate the pathological changes of indicated organs or tissues. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells as well as the expression of 2019-nCoV proteins. Real time PCR was carried out to detect the RNA of 2019-nCoV.Results:Various damages were observed in the alveolar structure, with minor serous exudation and fibrin exudation. Hyaline membrane formation was observed in some alveoli. The infiltrated immune cells in alveoli were majorly macrophages and monocytes. Moderate multinucleated giant cells, minimal lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils were also observed. Most of infiltrated lymphocytes were CD4-positive T cells. Significant proliferation of type Ⅱ alveolar epithelia and focal desquamation of alveolar epithelia were also indicated. The blood vessels of alveolar septum were congested, edematous and widened, with modest infiltration of monocytes and lymphocytes. Hyaline thrombi were found in a minority of microvessels. Focal hemorrhage in lung tissue, organization of exudates in some alveolar cavities, and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis were observed. Part of the bronchial epithelia were exfoliated. Coronavirus particles in bronchial mucosal epithelia and type Ⅱ alveolar epithelia were observed under electron microscope. Immunohistochemical staining showed that part of the alveolar epithelia and macrophages were positive for 2019-nCoV antigen. Real time PCR analyses identified positive signals for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid. Decreased numbers of lymphocyte, cell degeneration and necrosis were observed in spleen. Furthermore, degeneration and necrosis of parenchymal cells, formation of hyaline thrombus in small vessels, and pathological changes of chronic diseases were observed in other organs and tissues, while no evidence of coronavirus infection was observed in these organs.Conclusions:The lungs from novel coronavirus pneumonia patients manifest significant pathological lesions, including the alveolar exudative inflammation and interstitial inflammation, alveolar epithelium proliferation and hyaline membrane formation. While the 2019-nCoV is mainly distributed in lung, the infection also involves in the damages of heart, vessels, liver, kidney and other organs. Further studies are warranted to investigate the mechanism underlying pathological changes of this disease.