The arteries of the breasts of 25 Chinese female cadavers, injected with color latex, were dissected and observed by surgical microscope. These arteries originate from the first, second and third perforating branches of the internal thoracic artery. They were classified into five types. The two branch type occured most frequently (54%), and is musculoadenocutaneous in nature. The distribution of this type of artery is in four directions, one branch to the nipple, the second branch to the axilla, the third branch to the sternum and the last branch to the clavicle. The second perforating branch is the largest in diameter, 0.92 mm., the first and third perforating branches come next. The area of distribution of the second perforating branch is also the largest, 6265.50 mm2, and the third and first perforating branches come next. The first perforating branch crosses the 4 th rib in 52%, and that of the second perforating branch in 43%. The arteries supplying the medial portion of the breast have an extensive anastomoses (48%) with those arteries of the lateral portion.

The arterial blood supply of the lateral portion of the breasts was studied in 50 sides of 25 Chinese female cadavers. The results are obtained as follows: 1.the arteries leading to the lateral portion of the breast are constant. Among them, 38% originates from the lateral thoracic artery, 24% from the brachial artery and 15% from the axillary artery. 2.One branch type arteries were found in 28 breasts (56%),two branch type arteries in 20 breasts (40%) and three branch type arteries in 2 breasts (4%). 3.The average diameter of the arterial origin isl.37.06mm.the average length of the artery is 171.9?5.82 mm. and the average range of distribution is 52.8?6.18 mm. 4.Besides supplying the skin of the lateral portion of the breast, the artery also supplies the gland, areola and the nipple. 5.The branches arising from the axillary artery arc musculoadenocutaneous, and those arising from the brachial artery are adenocutaneous. 6.The average distance between the artery and the center of the nipple is 38.6?4.34 mm. 7.The arterial supply is rich in anastomoses with its surrounding arteries, especially with the papillary branches of the internal thoracic artery. 8.The arteries originating from the brachial artery have long pedicles and their location is superficial and constant. Lastly, clinical significance of these arteries were discussed.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of nerve-related acupoints electrical stimulation in preventing urinary retention after hemorrhoid surgery. Method Ninety-seven patients were randomized into two groups: the treatment group received nerve-related acupoints electrical stimulation 1 h after Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy for mixed hemorrhoids, while the control group was taken as a blank control. The incidence of postoperative urinary retention, residual urine volume after the first urination, general urinary condition score, and satisfaction evaluation were compared between the two groups. Result The incidence of postoperative urinary retention and residual urine volume after the first urinary were lower, and the general urination condition and satisfaction evaluation were higher in the treatment group compared to those in the control group. Conclusion Nerve-related acupoints electrical stimulation can prevent and reduce the adverse reactions such as urinary retention after hemorrhoidectomy, and it can effectively protect the bladder function and improve the prognosis.