Objective To establish a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS),and to study the changes in glucose metabolism by isotope tracer.Methods Female SD rats aged 21 days were divided into control group and PCOS group (made by means of testosterone propionate and high-fat diet).After 8 weeks of molding,glucose tolerance test and rat tail vein perfusion experiment was conducted,by application of the principle of stable isotope tracer technique,rate of glucose appearance was compared in two groups and thus glucose metabolism was measured.Results Compared with control group,PCOS group showed polycystic ovarian changes and significantly elevated serum testosterone levels.After 8 weeks of molding,fasting blood glucose showed no significant difference,while glucose tolerance was impaired and rate of appearance of 6,6-d2-glucose increased significantly in PCOS rats.Conclusions The testosterone propionate combined with high-fat diet could induce PCOS rat model,and the PCOS rats demonstrated a significant increase of glucose rate of appearance despite of normal blood glucose level.Therefore it is suggested that during the early stage of PCOS,change in the glucose metabolism has appeared,and early intervention may be beneficial.

Objective To assess vitamin D levels in eastern China by a standard measurement. Methods The data were from a 2014 Survey on the Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors-China data base. There were 12662 subjects included in this cross-sectional study from February 2014 to June 2016. We assessed the vitamin D levels of natural population by a standard classification in which serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD)<50 nmol/ L was defined as vitamin D deficiency. Results The average serum 25-OHD level was (40. 5 ± 12. 5)nmol/ L, and there were 80. 3% subjects who would be classified as vitamin D deficiency; The average serum 25-OHD level of women was significantly lower than that of men (P< 0. 05); The serum 25-OHD concentrations of the <30, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, ≥70 age groups were 37. 81(31. 98-43. 52)nmol/ L, 39. 46(33. 87-45. 72) nmol/ L, 41. 17(34. 10-48. 65) nmol/ L, 40. 67(34. 20-49. 02) nmol/ L, 44. 00 (35. 67-53. 93) nmol/ L, 44. 14 (34. 61-55. 85)nmol/ L for males, and 36. 86 (30. 52-43. 75) nmol/ L, 37. 11 (31. 68-43. 23) nmol/ L, 36. 94 (30. 72-43. 71) nmol/ L, 38. 42(32. 08-46. 41) nmol/ L, 38. 58(31. 04-46. 21) nmol/ L, 37. 31(29. 34-47. 17) nmol/ L for females in corresponding subgroups. Conclusion The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency of natural population in eastern China was common, the levels of vitamin D in women were lower than those of men. However, the vitamin D levels were tended to be increasing with the advance of age.

BACKGROUNDLymphocyte function and homeostasis is associated with immune defence to infection. Apoptosis of lymphocytes might be a considerably important component which has an impact on immunity to infections in people with hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to explore the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway of lymphocyte in diabetic patients.

METHODSSixty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and fifty healthy volunteers were included in this study. Annexin V and propidiumiodide (PI) were joined in the isolated lymphocytes and the rate of lymphocyte apoptosis was calculated with flow cytometry. Observation of the lymphocytes was done using transmission electron microscopy; mitochondria had been extracted and then mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected to assess mitochondrial function; the mRNA level of Bcl-2, cytochrome c (Cyt-C), caspase-9 and caspase-3 were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSApoptosis rate of lymphocyte was significantly higher in diabetic group than that in normal control group (P < 0.05). Transmission electron microscopy showed lymphocyte shrinkage and breakage, chromatin condensation and less mitochondria; a fall in MMP levels was also evident; Bcl-2 concentration was reduced and the expressions of caspase-9, caspase-3 and Cyt-C were elevated (P < 0.05) in diabetic patients.

CONCLUSIONSThe rate of lymphocyte apoptosis was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients than that in normal population. Mitochondrial apoptosis pathway may play a very important role in decreasing function of lymphocyte in diabetes.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Caspase 3 ; genetics ; Caspase 9 ; genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Mitochondria ; metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; genetics