Objective This research aimed to study if the cerebral vascular injury can be caused by the positional asphyxia. Method The brain tissue sections were studied immunohistochemically (SABC method) by using the anti-human von Willebrand Factor (vWF) and anti-human albumin as the first antibody. Results No positive expression of vWF and albumin was found in the cerebral blood vessels of control group. The vivid positive expression of albumin and vWF were observed in the positional asphyxia group. Conclusion The results indicate that the positional asphyxia can result the expression of the vWF in the cerebral vessels and it seems one of the injury markers in the cerebral blood vessels and can be used to probe the mechanism of positional asphyxia.

Objective To explore the relationship between the changes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cholinesterase (CHE) activities and death from hanging of bound upper limbs (DHBL). Methods After the animal model of DHBL was established, the LDH and CHE activities in the serum and tissues including diaphragm muscle and musculi gastrocnemius were determined. Results In DHBL group, LDH activity decreased significantly in diaphragm muscle as compared with that in musculi gastrocnemius (P0.05). In comparison with the control group, LDH activity lowered greatly in the diaphragm muscle(P0.05). Significant decrease in serum LDH in the DHBL group as compared with control group (P0.05). Conclusion Decrease in the LDH activity may be associated with hanging posture of bound upper limbs.

Objective To detect the morphological evidence of identifying death from electrical injury, the ultrastructural changes of the heart, brain,lung and skin in the electrocuted rats were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Methods 12 rats were divided into the experimental and control groups. In the experimental group,6 rats were killed by electrocution, and in the control group, 6 rats were killed by decapitation. Samples from the heart, brain, lungs, and skin were fixed with valeric aldehyde and post-fixed with osmic acid. After being stained, the ultrathin sections were observed by TEM. Results Evident cell apoptosis was detected in all the tissues examined, and erythrocytes appeared swelling, which stuffed the lumen of the capillary vessels. Conclusion The ultrastructural changes of the cells of the heart, brains, lungs, and skins including the vascular endothelial cells may be used as the indicators for identifying death from electrical injury.

The people died from H5N1 avian influenza virus,which was diagnosed by serological test.The remarkable pathohistology change is as follows:thick and homogeneous things dyed red can be seen on the face of pulmonary alveoli;the alveolar septum become wider and there are a lot of inflammatory cells in the pulmonary alveoli.Above all,we think that the histology changes can provide evidence to help coroners identify people died from H5N1 avian influenza virus or not.

In order to explore expression of the PNA receptor in early myocardial infarction, immunohistochemical technique was performed (S-P method). The expression of the PNA receptor occured in the early acute cardiac ischemic area induced experimentally by ligation of left coronary arteries of 32 SD rats. The following changes on myocardial cell membranes at the ischemical areas were found. Positive staining of PNA could be observed in ischemic area at 15min after ischemia, and it increased along with the prolongation of ischemic period. It became the strongest after is chemic 2h and then decreased. This may be of some value in forensic medicine practice.

In order to study the morphclogic changes of cardiac conduction system in six cases of acute myocardial infarctions fibronectin (Fn), myoglobin(Mb)and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were study by immunohistochemical method. It was observed that strong positive Fn staining were present in 3 cases, positive in 1 case, weak positive in 1 case; weak VEGF positive and depletion of Mb in all cases. It is indecated that the Fn staining is sensitive and was stable, and easily observed, and can be used as a good marker for diagnosis of the injury of the cardiac conduction system in acute myocardial infarction.

Demonstration of the abnormal distribution of Mb and Fn in electric injuries of skeletal muscles. The electrocution model of rats was established, and the human autopsy samples of electrocution were collected. Immunohistochemical study of myoglobin(Mb) and fibronectin(Fn) were performed on the skeletal muscles in the electric current pathways. The results showed that the muscle fibers showed the bamboo-like appearance and depletion of the Mb as well as the positive reaction of Fn which was called the python-pattern. This experiment proved that the bamboo-like appearance and python-pattern change of the skeletal muscle fibers have the practical value in the medicolegal diagnosis of electrocution without typical current mark.

Objective To study the relationship between the expression of FN in heart, lung and kidney and the mechanism of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Method The Fn in heart, lung and kidney in 20 autopsy cases of MODS were studied immunohistochemically by using anti-FN as the first antibodies. Results The expression of FN in the MODS group were significantly decreased as compared with the control group (P

Objective To study the characteristics of organ function and structural injuries in the elderly with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Method 50 Wistar rats (25 three-month-old rats and 25 twenty-month-old rats) were anaesthetized and experienced cecal ligation puncture (CLP) operation, which were defined as MODSE group and MODS group respectively. 40 Wistar rats (20 three-month-old rats and 20 twenty-month-old rats) were anaesthetized and not experienced cecal ligation puncture operation, which were used as SOGE (sham operation group in the elderly) and SOG (sham operation group). At 6 h, 12h, 24h, 48h or 72h after operation, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and total bilirubin were measured by automatic biochemistry analyzer. Organs (hearts, brains, lungs, livers, kidneys) were harvested. Paraffin sections were made and stained by conventional H.E procedure for histological examination. Results Based on histological investigations, physiological and biochemical measurements, organ dysfunction in MODSE group occurred at 6h after operation and peaked at 24 h after operations. Otherwise, organ injuries with MODS occurred at 24 h and peaked at 48 h after operation. Conclusion According to histological investigations, physiological and biochemical measurements, damages of organ dysfunction and structural damages in MODSE group occurred much earlier and more seriously. which may provide an experimental evidence for medico-legal certification of the death caused by MODS.

Objective To establish an immunohistochemical method for postmortem diagnosis of electrocution. Method 12 rats were divided into two groups,experimental and control. In the experimental group,6 rats were killed by electricity,and in the control group,6 rats were killed by breaking the rats' neck. Myocardium sections were then made and were stained by SABC immunohistochemical method as well as HE.Results The expression of the fibronectins in the experimental rats' myocardia were significantly increased as compared with those in the control rats (P