Chitosan-based microspheres use chitosan as the main material to obtain particles with special structures through microsphere processing technology. They have the ability of slow and controlled release of drugs and the role of scaffolding, which have great application prospect in stomatology, but the application of chitosan-based microspheres is still in the research stage and has not yet been applied in clinical practice. This article reviews progress of domestic and foreign research on chitosan-based microspheres, in aspects of treatment of oral and jawbone tissue defects, periodontal diseases, dental pulp diseases and nerve tissue injury, in order to provide reference for follow-up research.

Objective To compare the operative and conservative treatments for senile dens fractures of Anderson-D Alonzo type Ⅱ or Ⅲ using Meta-analysis.Methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Wanfang Data and CNKI for studies on senile dens fractures of Anderson-D Alonzo type Ⅱ or Ⅲ from the earliest records through June 2016.The relative studies identified were screened by 2 independent authors.The quality of these articles was evaluated using modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale,and the meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3.Results A total of 22 articles were brought into this Meta-analysis.The union rate was significantly higher in the operative group than in the conservative group[OR =0.30,95％ CI(0.20,0.44),P ＜ 0.001];the mortality in the operative group was significantly lower than in the conservative group[OR =0.61,95％ CI (0.39,0.96),P=0.03];the complication rate was similar in both groups[OR=1.09,95％ CI(0.76,1.57),P ＜ 0.46].The heterogeneity of all the 3 indexes was low.In the subgroup analysis,the union rate was significantly higher in posterior operations than in anterior operations or conservative treatments (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion For the elderly patients with dens fracture of type Ⅱ or Ⅲ who can tolerate surgery,operative treatment may be more suitable because it can lead to much better prognosis.

Objective To compare the curative effect of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) and microendoscopic discectomy (MED) in lumbar disc herniation.Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang, CNKI. Two authors reviewed all articles individually. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the quality of retrospective studies was evaluated by the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The data was extracted by the Review Manager 5.30.Results A total of 19 articles were brought into this Meta-analysis. The outcomes were divided into primary outcomes and secondary outcomes. Excerpt for the short-term VAS score was lower in PELD group (P = 0.010), other index, including long-term VAS score (P = 0.120), ODI score (P = 0.260), complication (P = 0.100) and recurrence (P = 0.100), didn't had significant difference in two groups. The blood loss (P = 0.000), hospital stay (P = 0.000) and the length of incision (P = 0.000) were all superiority in PELD group. Whereas the operative time was shorter in MED group (P = 0.001).Conclusion PELD was a more minimally invasive and secure technique in lumbar disc herniation.

In this study, the "150-cavity", next to the H5N1 influenza virus neuraminidase activity site, has been used as the target to design and synthesize a structural analogue of chlorogenic acid, N-caffeoyl-GABA, using the flexible docking simulation. The docking study showed that the N-caffeoyl-GABA could be inserted into the "150-cavity" and combined with the Arg156 side chain by hydrogen bond. The best binding free energy of H5N1 NA-N-caffeoyl-GABA complex was -7.70 kcal mol(-1), equivalent that of the NA-oseltamivir. At the same time, using the H5N1 pseudotyping virus-based NA inhibitors screening model, we determined the inhibitory effect of oseltamivir, chlorogenic acid and N-caffeoyl-GABA on the NA. Compared with chlorogenic acid, N-caffeoyl-GABA significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect on NA, but less than oseltamivir. This study showed that the "150-cavity" could possibly be used as a new neuraminidase inhibitors target, and provided a path for the development of new neuraminidase inhibitors.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of sleeve gastrectomy combined with modified jejunoileal bypass (SG/MJIB) in improving the blood glucose of Goto-kakizaki (GK) rats.Methods According to the random meter method,the 28 GK rats were divided into 4 groups:sleeve gastrectomy with modified jejunoileal bypass (SG/MJIB),sleeve gastrectomy (SG),modified jejunoileal bypass (MJIB) and sham operation (SHAM).The changes of weight,food intake,fasting blood glucose,oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT),insulin tolerance test (ITT),plasma insulin and gastrointestinal hormonal (ghrelin and GLP-1) were monitored before and 16 weeks after surgery respectively.Results After surgery,the fasting blood glucose level in SG/MJIB group was obviously lower than that in SG,MJIB and SHAM groups (P＜0.05).From the 2nd week after surgery,OGTT of the SG/MJIB group was obviously improved compared to SG,MJIB,and SHAM groups (P＜0.02).In our post-op erative study,the insulin levels in SG/MJIB group were lower than those in SG,and SHAM groups (P＜0.05).Compared to MJIB and SHAM groups,ghrelin levels of SG/MJIB group were significantly decreased (P＜0.001),while GLP-1 levels of SG/MJIB group were higher than those of SG and SHAM groups (P＜0.01).Conclusions SG/ MJIB can improve insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion,and this effect is independent of the body weight and food intake.This study further validates that the gastrointestinal hormones play an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of urinary light chain detection in essential hypertension renal injury. Methods According to "National Prevention and Treatment Guide of Hypertension" (2005 Edition) and the diagnostic criteria of essential hypertension renal injury, patients'medical history and damage of target organs, we selected 60 patients with essential hypertension and divided them into two groups: 28 patients without renal injury and 32 patients with renal injury. Meanwhile, Thirty healthy individuals were included in a control group. Urinary proteins and light chains were detected by immuonephelometry and the activity of NAG was determined by liquid kinetic rate assay with MNP as substrate. The urinary light chains concentration of each group were compared and analyzed with those of Alb and α1-MG. Results The results of lamU in renal injury group [8. 89(3.84-33. 30) mg] were higher than those of non renal injury group [3. 84(3. 84-10. 4) mg] and control group [3.84(0. 00-3.84) mg]. There was statistically significant difference ( H = 37.97, P ＜ 0. 01 ). The levels of kapU in renal injury group [26. 65 (6. 97-62. 5 ) mg] were higher than those of non renal injury group [6. 97 (6. 97-23.7 )mg] and control group [6. 97(6. 97-7. 20) mg], which also had statistical significance (H =40. 09,P ＜0. 01 ). All the other results in renal injury group ( Alb, α1-MG, IgG, TRF and NAG) were higher than those of non renal injury group and control group ( H =21.02, 32. 65, 25.50, 30. 45 and 30. 57, P ＜0. 01 ). Correlation analysis showed that Alb levels were highly correlated with urinary IgG and TRF levels [Correlation coefficient (r) =0. 911, 0. 965, P ＜ 0. 01]. The levels of urinary light chain lamU and kapU were also highly correlated with α1-MG ( r = 0. 804, 0. 827, P ＜ 0. 01 ). However, There was no correlationship between NAG and α1MG levels (r=0. 398,P＞0. 05). Conclusion The urinary light chain lamU and kapU can be used as indicators for evaluation of renal injury in essential hypertension, especially renal tubular injury.

For multicellular organisms, cell-cell communication is essential to numerous biological processes. Drawing upon the latest development of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), high-resolution transcriptomic data have deepened our understanding of cellular phenotype heterogeneity and composition of complex tissues, which enables systematic cell-cell communication studies at a single-cell level. We first summarize a common workflow of cell-cell communication study using scRNA-seq data, which often includes data preparation, construction of communication networks, and result validation. Two common strategies taken to uncover cell-cell communications are reviewed, e.g., physically vicinal structure-based and ligand-receptor interaction-based one. To conclude, challenges and current applications of cell-cell communication studies at a single-cell resolution are discussed in details and future perspectives are proposed.
Animals ; Cell Communication ; Humans ; RNA-Seq ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Transcriptome

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and prognosis of emergent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and to provide standardized procedural suggestion for the development of emergent TAVR in China.Methods:From January 2020 to April 2021, 12 patients who underwent emergent or salvage TAVR in the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine were retrospectively enrolled from the TORCH registry (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Single Center Registry in Chinese Population, a prospective cohort study; NCT02803294). Baseline, periprocedural and 30-day follow up data were collected. Post-operative data were compared with pre-operative data using Paired-Samples test.Results:Patients’ median Society of Thoracic Surgeons score (STS score) was 15.432%. There was a significant decrease of mean gradient after emergent TAVR procedure (1.69 m/s vs. 4.90 m/s, P<0.01). During the 30-day follow up, there were 1 patient (8.3%) died and 2 patients received permanent pacemaker implantation. No disabling stroke, acute kidney injury, major vascular complication occurred during the first month after emergent TAVR. Among the survival patients, there was a significant releasing of heart failure symptoms to New York Heart Association function stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ in 81.8% patients at 30-day follow up. Left ventricular ejection fraction also improved significantly from (47.4±9.5)% to 58.8±8.0% ( P= 0.026). The mean gradient were (1.57±0.30) cm 2 and no patients had a moderate or severe paravalvular leakage. Besides, a significant decrease of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (1 089.9 pg/mL vs. 12 215.5 pg/mL , P=0.001) and troponin T (0.020 ng/mL vs. 0.337 ng/mL, P=0.003) were found at 30 days after emergent TAVR. Conclusions:For patients with severe aortic stenosis and acute cardiac decompensated, emergent TAVR is a safe and effective rescue treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a SD rat model of vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions. METHODS: Seventy female SD rats were randomized into 4 groups, namely the blank control group (=10), mechanical irritation group (=10), acetone solution group (=10), and mechanical irritation with DMBA acetone solution group (=40, model group), and the corresponding treatments were administered 3 times a week for 14 weeks. The changes of the vulvar skin of the rats were observed regularly until the 18th week. The expression of mutant p53 (mtp53) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, and the expressions of mtp53 and VEGF mRNA were detected with qRT- PCR in the blank control group and model group. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the morphological or histopathological changes of the skin among the blank control group, mechanical irritation group and acetone solution group. In the model group, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) occurred in 28 rats (70%) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in 11 rats (27.5%) at 14 weeks, with a success rate of 97.5% in inducing vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions. Compared with the blank control group, the rats in the model group showed significantly increased expressions of mtp53 and VEGF at both the protein level ( < 0.05) and the mRNA level ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS DMBA in acetone solution combined with mechanical irritation can induce vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions in female SD rats.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Acetone ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinogens ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Friction ; Immunohistochemistry ; Precancerous Conditions ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; pathology ; Solvents ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Vulvar Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology