Objective To evaluate the effect of edaravone on moderate and severe brain injury patients by observing the change of the serum neuron-specific enolase ( NSE) and S100β protein. Methods A total of 90 patients with acute moderate and severe brain injury were selected and randomly divided into three groups, ie, control group (Group A), postoperative edaravone treatment group (Group B) and preoperative edaravone treatment group (Group C), 30 patients per group. In the meantime, 20 normal persons were set as the healthy control group. The concentrations of serum NSE and S100β protein of each group was measured by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) on admission and at days 1,3,5 and 7 after operation. Results The serum NSE and S100β protein levels in the Group A, B and C was higher than that in the healthy group on admission and at days 1,3,5 and 7 postoperatively and reached the peak at day 1 after operation (P ＜0.05). The level of serum NSE and S100β protein in the Group C was lower than that in the healthy group, Group A and Group B at day 1 postoperatively (P＜0.05), with no statistical difference between Group B and Group A at day 1 postoperatively (P ＞0.05). The serum NSE and S100β protein levels in the Group C was lower than that in the Group A at days 3, 5 and 7 postoperatively (P ＜0.05). The serum NSE and S100β protein levels in the Group C with severe brain injury was lower than that in the Group B at days 3, 5 and 7 postoperatively (P ＜ 0.05), but there was no statistical difference in moderate injury group between Croup C and Group B. The serum NSE and S100β levels in the Group B was lower than that in the Group A at days 3, 5 and 7 postoperatively ( P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusions Edaravone can effectively reduce the serum NSE and S100β levels in the moderate and severe brain injury patients after operation. The earlier use of edaravone may beget the more significant effect, especially in patients with severe brain injury. The application of edaravone before operation can more effectively reduce the concentration of serum NSE and S100β protein.

Objective To Discuss the impacts of different dosage of atorvastatirs on serum hsCRP,IL-10 and MCP-1 levels on post-intervention patients with coronary stenting. Methods 93 post-intervention patients with coronary stenting were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups.Each group took different dosage of oral atorvastatins after the operation for more than one week.The dosage for each group was 10 mg,20 mg and 40 mg,respectively.Each patient was phlebotomized for three times,which are 24 hours before the operation,24 hours after the operation and one week after the operation.Serum MCP-1,IL-10 and hs-CRP levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and immunoturbidimetry(ITM). Results Serum hs-CRP and MCP-1 levels of post-intervention patients were significantly higher than those of pre-intervention.This illustrated that the serum hsCRP and MCP-1 levels were closely related to PCI.Serum hs-CRP and MCP-1 levels decreased in those patients one week after operation which proves they are negatively correlated with the dosage of atorvastatins.There was no statistic evidence to prove the correlation between different dosage of atorvastatins and the level of serum IL-10.The ratio of MCP-1/IL-10 at 24h post-intervention patient was significantly higher than pre-intervention,which proves the ratio was negatively correlated with the dosage of atorvastatins. Conclusion Atorvastatins decreases serum MCP-1 and hs-CRP levels after PCI.Serum MCP-1 and hs-CRP levels were negatively correlated with the dosage of atorvastatins.

Plasma quinolone concentrations are not routinely measured in clinical practice.However,in order to optimize quinolone treatment,monitoring of plasma concentrations could sometimes be useful particularly in critically ill patients.In this study,anti-sparfloxacin antibody was obtained by immunizing rabbits with sparfloxacin conjugated with bovine serum albumin using isobutyl chloroformate method.After the assay procedure was optimized,the standard curve of sparfloxacin was established.The practical measuring range of the competitive ELISA extended from 5 ng/mL to 2 μtg/mL.The recovery rates and coefficients of variation for rat plasma,urine and tissues were 87.7-106.2％ and 4.8-15.3％,respectively.To demonstrate the potential of the ELISA,a preliminary pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study of sparfloxacin in rats and quantitative analysis of sparfloxacin in several pharmaceuticals were performed and compared with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The experimental data indicated that the proposed method would be a valuable tool in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for sparfloxacin.

Objective To discuss the safety and efficacy of using ExoSealTM vascular closure device to obtain rapid hemostasis of puncture site in interventional procedure via retrograde femoral artery access.Methods The clinical data of 124 patients,who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from March 2016 to April 2016 to receive interventional procedure via retrograde femoral artery access,were retrospectively analyzed.During the performance of intervention,ExoSealTM vascular closure device (ExoSealTM group,n=52) or manual compression (MC group,n=72) was employed to make femoral artery puncture point hemostasis.The time spent for hemostasis,the manual compression time,the limb immobilization time,the amount of blood loss during compression process,and the procedure-related complications were recorded and the results were compared between the two groups.Results Technical success rate in ExoSealTM group was 98.1％(51/52).In ExoSealTM group and MC group,the time spent for hemostasis was (0.28±0.08) min and (5.83±1.46) min respectively,the manual compression time was (2.65 ±0.57) min and (7.70± 1.88) min respectively,the limb immobilization time was (2.72±0.43) h and (6.15±0.69) h respectively;all the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P＜0.01).In ExoSealTM group subcutaneous hemotoma occurred in one patient,while in MC group subcutaneous hemotoma occurred in 3 patients and pseudoaneurysm in one patient;the complication rates were 1.92％ (1/52) and 5.56％ (4/72) respectively,but the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).In MC group the amount of blood loss during compression process was (1.11±0.86) ml,which was remarkably less than (7.83±2.08) ml in ExoSealTM group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.01).Conclusion For hemostasis of puncture site in interventional management via retrograde femoral artery access,the use of ExoSealTM vascular closure device is safe and effective.

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in intervertebral disc degeneration and its association with the pathological grading of disc degeneration.

METHODSNormal and degenerative intervertebral disc tissues were collected were classified into 5 grades of increasing degenerative changes. HE staining, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL staining and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of TGF-β1 in the disc tissues.

RESULTSImmunohistochemistry and RT-PCR showed positive expressions of TGF-β1 and Bcl-2 in normal disc tissues, where Bax was expressed at have a trace level. In the degenerative disc tissues, TGF-β1 expression increased with the pathological grades; the expression levels of TGF-β1 showed significant differences between degenerative and normal tissues and between grade IV and grade I disc tissues (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONTGF-β1 is an important factor participating in the disc degeneration and its expression level is closely related to the pathological grade of degenerative discs.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; pathology ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective To establish a method for the determination of residual solvents in tulobuterol by GC and optimize the purified process of crude tulobuterol product by this method. Methods The analysis was performed on Agilent DB-624 capillary column (30 m×0.32 mm,1.8 μm).The carrier gas was nitrogen at 1 mL·min-1.The injector temperature was 250 ℃.Detector was FID with hydrogen at 45 mL·min-1and air at 450 mL·min-1.The detector temperature was 250 ℃.The column temperature program was used.And the flow ratio was 10:1.Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as solvent of reference and test solution. Results Ethanol,tert-butylamine,dichloromethane,tert-butyl-methyl ether,n-hexane and 1,4-dioxane were completely separated.The calibration curve of each solvent showed good linear correlation. The RSD of precision was less than 5.0% and the average recovery ranged from 97.0% to 104.0% (RSD<5%).By optimizing the purification process of toloterol,the residue of organic solvent in the preparation of tolobuterol was in accordance with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia ( 2015) limit. Conclusion Validated by methodology,this simple,rapid and precise method can be used for the test of residual solvents in tulobuterol.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the role of nanocarbon in the surgical treatment of thyroid cancer.Method:Searched Pubmed database, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI database, Wanfang database and VIP database for researches related to nanocarbon and thyroid cancer. The search key words included nano carbon, nano-carbon, carbon nanoparticles, nano-carbon parathyroid negative imaging technique, thyroid neoplasms, thyroid cancer, thyroid carcinoma. And also manually retrieved article references. The search time was from the establishment of the database to March 10, 2020. Two researchers separately screened and sorted out the data, and evaluated the quality of the articles and evaluated the publication bias. Revman 5.3 was used for data analysis.Results:Twenty-six randomized controlled studies were included, with a total of 2291 patients, including 1149 in the test group and 1142 in the control group. The results showed that the postoperative complications rate of the test group using nanocarbon was significantly lower than that of the blank control group, and the differences were statistically significant, including the parathyroid erroneous excision rate ( OR=0.24, 95% CI: 0.16-0.34, P<0.001), the incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism ( OR=0.38, 95% CI: 0.28-0.52, P<0.001), the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia ( OR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.30-0.54, P<0.001) and the recurrent laryngeal nerve injury rate ( OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.31-0.81, P<0.001). Conclusion:The use of nanocarbon tracing technology during the operation can reduce the complications of thyroid cancer resection and is worthy of clinical use.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles combined with chemoembolization using chemotherapeutic agents or chemotherapeutic agents lipiodol emulsion (CALE)in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated by hepatic arteriovenous shunt (HAVS) and related prognostic factors.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 133 patients with HCC complicated by HAVS.HAVS was classified into slow-flow HAVS,intermediate-flow HAVS,and high-flow HAVS,which were treated with 300-500 μm,500-710 μm,and 710-1000 μm PVA particles,respectively.The patients with slow-flow and intermediate-flow HAVS underwent embolization with PVA combined with chemotherapeutic agents followed by CALE,while those with high-flow HAVS underwent the treatment with PVA combined with chemotherapeutic agents alone.The survival time,progression-free survival time,and postoperative complications were followed up and analyzed.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate cumulative survival rate and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine prognostic factors.Results The median overall survival (OS) of 133 patients was 9.1 months,and the 6-,12-,and 24-month survival rates were 73.7％,36.2％,and 10.2％,respectively.The median OS of slow-flow group (36 patients),intermediate-flow group (58 patients),and high-flow group (39 patients) were 7.3,9.1,and 10.8 months,respectively.And the 6-and 12-month survival rates were 69.2％/19.0％,72.4％/39.2％,and 77.8％/42.7％,respectively.There was no significant difference in survival time between the patients with different types of HAVS (x 2 =2.865,P =0.239).The incidence rates of postoperative gastroesophageal variceal bleeding and acute liver failure were 1.1％ and 0.4％,respectively.The results of Cox regression analysis showed that preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level ≥ 400 ng/ml (HR =2.105,P =0.006) was an independent risk factor,while multiple embolizations (H7 =0.482,P =0.011),tumor remission (HR =0.431,P =0.041),and multimodality therapy (HR =0.416,P =0.004) were independent protective factors.Conclusion PVA particles combined with chemotherapeutic agents or CALE is safe and effective in the treatment of HCC complicated by HAVS.Patients with multiple embolizations,tumor remission,and multimodality therapy tend to have good prognosis,while those with a high level of alpha-fetoprotein before embolization often have poor prognosis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Jiawei Tianwang Buxin Dan(JWBXD)on insomnia in rats exposed to simulated high-altitude conditions.METHODS ① Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control,model,model+Jiawei Tianwang Buxin Dan(JWBXD,9.6 mg·kg-1),model+Tianwang Buxin Dan(TWBXD,9.6 mg·kg-1),and model+diazepam(DZP,3 mg·kg-1)groups.Rats,except for the normal control group,were subjected to a low-pressure,low-oxygen animal experimental chamber simulating a 5000 m altitude.Respective drugs were ig administrated once daily at 9:00 for seven days,and signal acquisition and sleep analysis were conducted by a wireless physiological sig-nal telemetry system.②Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups as described in ①.Through-out the experiment,the general condition and body mass of the rats were observed daily.Drug adminis-tration lasted for seven days,and grip strength was tested one hour after the final administration.ELISA was used to measure the levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH),adrenocorticotropic hor-mone(ACTH),corticosterone(CORT),and melatonin(MLT)in serum.Western blotting was performed to measure the expression levels of core clock proteins period circadian regulator 2(Per2),circadian locomotor output cycles(Clock),cryptochrome 2(Cry2),brain-muscle arnt-like protein 1(Bmal1),nuclear receptor subfamily 1,group D member 1(NR1D1),glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β),as well as acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase(ASMT)in the hypothalamus and pineal gland,respectively.RESULTS ① Compared with the normal control group,the model group exhibited a decrease in total sleep time(P<0.01),an increase in wakefulness(P<0.01),a significant reduction in slow wave sleep(SWS)(P<0.05)and the mean bouts duration(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,both DZP and JWBXD(P<0.01)prolonged sleep time and suppressed wakefulness(P<0.01)in the hypoxic envi-ronment.DZP and JWBXD prolonged SWS(P<0.05,P<0.01),while TWBXD had no significant effect.JWBXD improved the mean bouts duration of SWS in the model rats(P<0.01),whereas no such improvement was observed in model+DZP and model+TWBXD groups.② Compared with the normal control group,the model group showed a significant decrease in forelimb grip strength(P<0.01),increased levels of serum ACTH(P<0.05),CRH,and CORT(P<0.01),and decreased MLT levels(P<0.05).The expression levels of Per2,Cry2,GSK-3β,and NR1D1 in the hypothalamus were downregu-lated(P<0.05,P<0.01),while Bmal1 and Clock were upregulated(P<0.05,P<0.01).ASMT expression in the pineal gland was decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,JWBXD and TWBXD enhanced forelimb grip strength(P<0.01),reduced serum CORT and ACTH levels(P<0.05),decreased CRH levels(P<0.01),and restored MLT levels(P<0.01).JWBXD upregulated the expression levels of Per2,Cry2,GSK-3β and NR1D1 in the hypothalamus(P<0.05,P<0.01),but downregulated Bmal1 and Clock expression(P<0.05,P<0.01).TWBXD downregulated Bmal1 expression in the hypothalamus(P<0.01)and increased NR1D1 expression(P<0.05).DZP significantly enhanced the expression levels of Per2,Cry2 and NR1D1 in the hypothalamus(P<0.01).JWBXD,TWBXD and DZP improved ASMT expression in the pineal gland(P<0.05).CONCLUSION JWBXD can improve sleep structure and prolong the duration of SWS in rats exposed to simulated high-altitude conditions.The mechanisms may involve the regulation of core clock protein expressions in the hypothalamus,promotion of mela-tonin secretion,and inhibition of HPA axis hyperactivity.