By using CT, MRI as diagnostic measures for intracerebral granuloma. cysticercosis and tuberculous granuloma were excluded. Using penecillin as control, all cases were treated with Yanzhengxiao capsules. Results demonstrated that the total effective rate in the treatment group was 90%, with a cured rate of 61. 7%, that of the penicillin group. 53. 3% and 26. . 9% respectively with significant difference (P

Aim To study the relationship between pul-monary hypertension (PHT) and 5-hydroxytrapta-mine transporter (5-HTT) in the pulmonary arteries (PAs) from normal and monocrotaline (MCT) induced pulmonary hypertension rats. Methods MCT-treated rats were used as a model for chronic PHT.Concentration-response curves of 5-hydroxytraptamine induced pulmonary vasoconstriction were established. The medial wall thickness of pulmonary arteries was measured. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed to identify the expression of 5-HTT mRNA in rat PAs.Results 5-HT induced vasoconstriction response of PAs from MCT rats was significantly increased.The thickness of pulmonary vascular medial walls was increased in MCT rats. A significantly higher level of 5-HTT mRNA expression was detected in PAs from MCT rats. The ratio of the PCR products of 5-HTT gene to those of ?-actin gene was higher in MCT rats than in control rats. 5-HTT mRNA expression of pulmonary arteries correlated with the thickness of pulmonary vascular medial walls in rats.Conclusions MCT-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and increased vascular contractile response to 5-HT were accompanied with enhanced level of 5-HTT mRNA expression and there existed correlation between the wall thickness of pulmonary arteries and 5-HTT mRNA expression,indicating 5-HTT is an important mechanism involved in pulmonary hypertension.

Objective According to the basic theory of Yin and Yang,acute urticaria should be treated with divergent medicine instead of convergence medicine.In order to prove the theory,we carry out the quantifiable and repeatability traditional Chinese medicine screening tests in acute urticaria patients,with double controls of experimental group (divergent Chinese medicine),control group (convergence Chinese medicine)end instrumental quality-control standard substance MEBE.Methods Germany MORA-Super bio-resonance instrument (medical mode) as adopted as objective index.32 cases of acute phase urticaria were selected and treated with divergent or convergence Chinese traditional medicine,to observe the results whether conform to traditional Chinese medicine basic theory of Yin and Yang (That is whether the acute phase urticaria should be treated with divergent Chinese medicine).Results Through the 32 cases repeat experiments,22 out of 23 kinds of Divergent Chinese medicine have been screened out in experimental group; while none has been screened out in 12 kinds of convergence Chinese medicine in control group.There was significant difference between two groups (P＜0.01).The result was entirely consistent with TCM basic theory of opposite relationship between yin and yang.The top five divergent Chinese medicines were divaricate saposhnikovia root,cicada slough,catnip,shrub chastetree rruit,and lily magnolia.Conclusion Treated acute urticaria with divergent Chinese medicine conforms to the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine.

Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a chronic functional vestibular disease. Related studies have shown that PPPD patients often show high visual dependence in posture control or spatial orientation activities, and the symptoms are aggravated in visual motor stimulation or complex visual environment. The visual dependence of PPPD patients may be related to age factors, anxiety symptoms, visual-vestibular system interaction and neurotransmitter changes. A correct understanding of the relationship between vision and PPPD can provide more help for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of PPPD in the future. This article reviews the correlation and possible mechanism between visual factors and clinical symptoms of PPPD.

Vestibular migraine(VM)is a common vestibular disorder in which vertigo and migraine coexist,and visually induced vertigo is one of the typical vestibular symptoms of VM.The clinical manifestations of VM re-lated visual vertigo are various,which are affected by anxiety,motion sickness,age and other factors.Multiple mechanisms such as anatomical and physiological connections,gaze instability,visual vestibular integration defects,impaired sensory remodeling,sensitization of the central vestibular pathway,5-hydroxytryptamine and glutamate-glutamine cycle and other neurotransmitters may lead to VM-related visual vertigo.

Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) is a cerebrovascular variant disease. Researches have shown that further development of VBD may lead to severe disability and even death. The pathogenesis of VBD is still unclear, and there is no specific clinical prevention and treatment scheme. Therefore, establishing a stable and reliable animal model helps to further understand the pathophysiological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of VBD. This article reviews the establishment methods and research progress of the available VBD animal models.

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is mainly manifested as lacunar infarction or lacunar space, white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), enlarged perivascular space (EPVS), cerebral microbleeds, and brain atrophy in imaging examination. Studies have shown that WMHs in the frontal lobe, occipital lobe, lateral ventricle, and basal ganglia are the important causes of dizziness/vertigo. The frequency of dizziness/vertigo symptoms increases with the worsening of WMHs. In addition, subcortical infarction, EPVS, and brain atrophy are also closely associated with dizziness/vertigo. Nerve conduction pathway damage, inflammatory infiltrating damage, vestibular degenerative lesions, mental and psychological disorders, and insufficient perfusion of blood vessels associated with large/small vessel disease may be the important ways for triggering dizziness/vertigo in CSDV. Early identification and diagnosis of CSVD-related dizziness/vertigo may contribute to the targeted prevention and treatment.

Objective To understand the epidemiology characteristics and survival status of HIV/AIDS patients with access to highly antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Ningbo during 2004-2015.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among HIV/AIDS patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015.Life Tables were used to estimate survival rates,and Kaplan-Meier curve with Log rank test were used to describe the survival curves and the Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine predictors of mortality.Results Of the subjects,the median age when starting HAART was 35 years (IQR:27-45 years).Most of them were males,local residents,married,infected through heterosexual sexual transmission,and their baseline CD4 T cells counts were mainly ≤ 200 cells/μ 1,and most of them were at clinical stage Ⅰ (WHO).The cumulative survival rate was 96.75％ for the first year,92.36％ for the fifth year,91.87％ for the seventh year and 90.02％ for the tenth year.The risk of the mortality was 17.34 times higher for those aged ＞60 years compared with those aged ≤20 years (95％ CI:2.11-142.71),2.83 times higher for those at clinical stage ⅣV (WHO) compared with those at clinical stage Ⅰ (WHO) (95％CI:1.67-4.80) and 3.26 times higher for those with drug resistance compared with those without drug resistance (95％ CI:1.77-6.01).Blood transmission,lower CD4 + T cell level,BMI ＜ 18.5,unmarried were the risk factors for the mortality.Conclusions The effect of HAART was obvious in the HIV/AIDS patients in Ningbo,their survival rate was high.The finding indicated that it is necessary to strengthen the health care for old population and health education about AIDS prevention and control,and conduct large scale screening.Early discovery,early diagnosis,early treatment and improving treatment compliancy are still the effective ways to reduce the mortality.

Diet can be both a trigger and a treatment for migraine. The effects of alcohol, dairy products and pickled foods on migraine have been highly recognized. The effects of plant foods and caffeine on migraine currently have 2 sides. Ketogenic diet (KD), modified Atkins diet (MAD), and high n-3 fatty acid/low n-6 fatty acid diet can improve migraine through protecting nerves, improving mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, reducing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels, and inhibiting neuroinflammation. In this paper, the recent advance in the above content is summarized as follows.

Objective To investigate the role of orexin-A in doxapram-induced promotion of emergence from general anesthesia in patients.Methods Forty-four patients of both sexes,aged 18-60 yr,with body mass index of 21-25 kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiology physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective lumbar surgery under general anesthesia,were divided into 2 groups (n =22 each) using a random number table:control group and doxapram group.Anesthesia was induced by intravenously injecting propofol,sufentanil and cisatracurium.The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation.Anesthesia was maintained by inhaling sevoflurane and target-controlled infusion of remifentanil.Sevoflurane inhalation and remifentanil infusion were stopped at the end of operation,oxygen flow rate was adjusted to 6 L/min,doxapram 0.5 mg/kg were intravenously injected at the same time in doxapram group,and the equal volume of normal saline was given in control group.The emergence time and extubation time were recorded.On admission to operating room (T0),at 1 h after anesthesia induction (T1) and 5 and 30 min after tracheal extubation (T2,3),arterial blood samples were collected for determination of blood glucose concentrations and plasma orexin-A concentrations (by radioimmunoassay).Results Compared with the baseline at T0,blood glucose concentrations were significantly decreased at T1 and increased at T3,and plasma orexin-A concentrations were increased at T2 in two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with control group,the time to eye opening and extubation time were significantly shortened,plasma orexin-A concentrations were increased at T2 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in blood glucose concentrations at each time point in doxapram group (P＞0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which doxapram promotes emergence from general anesthesia may be related to increasing plasma orexin-A concentrations in patients.