Objective To investigate the dynamic level changes and significance of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in the injury brain tissues of rats caused by pneumolysin (PLY).Methods Sixty-four SD rats were randomly and equally divided into PLY group and control group,0.1 mL PLY and isopyknic normal saline was given through left internal carotid artery respectively.Brain tissue gross and histological changes were observed at different time(4 h,6 h,12 h,24 h),meanwhile the expression levels of neurocyte damage marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) protein were detected by immunohistochemistry;and the expression levels of TREM-1,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected respectively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The observation of brain tissue gross and histological changes indicated the existence of brain injury,and the expression levels of GFAP,NSE,TNF-α and IL-6 protein increased from 4 h after PLY were injected and augmented dynamically as time went on,compared with the control group at corresponding time points,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The level of TREM-1 in the PLY group reached a peak at the 4 h time point,but decreased somewhat at the 6 h time point,the level of TREM-1 was still higher than that in control group,the differences were statistically significant(all P ＜ 0.05).However,the level of TREM-1 in the PLY group declined obviously at 12 h and 24 h time points,compared with that in control group,there were no significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The expression levels of TREM-1 up-regulated obviously in the early stage of brain damage induced by PLY,which might be involved in the pathological process of brain damage by promoting the expression of TNF-α and IL-6.

Objective:To compare the bonding strength of 3M Adper Easy One(3AEO),Clearfil S3 Bond(CSB)and Super-Bond C&B(SBCB)in vertical tooth fracture mode.Methods:30 freshly extracted human molars were randomly assigned to three groups(n =10).The teeth were cut along the long axis with low speed cutting machine and were prepared into a unified model of the vertical tooth fracture.The three adhesives were respectively used to adjoin the surface of the fractured teeth.The samples were subjected to thermal cycling for 500 cycles,stored in distilled water at 37 ℃ for 24 h.Then the pillar-like specimens with the bonding area of 1.0 mm × 1.0 mm were prepared.The microtensile bond strength was measured and the fracture mode was observed.Results:The bond strength (MPa)of 3AEO,CSB and SBCB was 18.57 ±4.98,16.93 ±4.70 and 22.75 ±5.18 respectively(P <0.05).The fracture mode was mainly interficial failure in all groups(P >0.05).Conclusion:The surface bonding of Super-Bond C&B in tooth fracture is stronger than 3MAdper Easy One and Clearfil S3 Bond.

Objective To study the effect of glycyrrhizin(GL) on the gene expression of high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) in hippocampus and serum.To evaluate the effect on the expression of neuron-specific nuclear-binding protein (Neu-N) in the hippocampus CA1,CA3 regions in the chronic stage of an immature rat epilepsy model.Methods Fifty-two 21 day-old SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group Ⅰ and model group Ⅱ according to the random table method.Model group Ⅰ was induced epilepsy by kainic acid (KA),and the model group Ⅱ was pretreated with GL by intraperitoneal injection at 30 min before KA injection.According to the different observation time points,each group was divided into 4 subgroups:3 h,12 h,24 h and 7 d.Model group Ⅱ was divided into 3 subgroups:10 mg/kg,50 mg/kg,100 mg/kg,according to the different doses of GL.There were 3 animals in each subgroup.Score was performed according to the Racine score,and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were applied to detect the mRNA and protein expression of HMGB1 in the acute phase.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was applied to measure the expression of HMGB1 in blood;immunohistochemical was applied to measure the expression of Neu-N in hippocampus in the chronic phase(7 d).Results Compared with model group Ⅰ,seizure onset time was obviously prolonged in model group Ⅱ [(24.08 ± 1.98) min vs.(33.39 ± 2.66) min],and the difference was statistically significant (t =9.231,P ＜0.05);Comparing KA model group Ⅰ with control group,the gene expression of HMGB1 significantly increased,and reached a peak at the time of 12 h (H =10.532,P ＜ 0.05),but the protein expression of HMGB1 was changed obviously and there was no significant difference (H =5.227,P ＞0.05).The expression of HMGB1 in the serum also significantly increased,especially at 12 h (H =6.897,P ＜0.05).At the time of 12 h after KA injection,the gene expression of HMGB1 in the hippocampus was significantly decreased in model group Ⅱ compared with model group Ⅰ (H =10.721,P ＜0.05) (especially in the 100 mg/kg model group).Also,the expression of HMGB1 in the scrum was obviously decreased (H =6.967,P ＜ 0.05) (especially in the 100 mg/kg model group).At the time of 7 d after KA injection,hippocampal neuron loss in model group.Ⅰ was significantly reduced compared with control group (P ＜ 0.05),and hippocampal neuron loss in model group Ⅱ was evidently decreased compared with model group Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.05),(especially in the 100 mg/kg model group in CA1,50 mg/kg model group in CA3).Conclusions In the immature rat temporal lobe epilepsy model,GL may have neuroprotective by inhibiting the synthesis and release of HMGB1,inhibiting inflammation further to restrain the loss of neurons in the chronic phase.

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Objective To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (IHES) in children. Method The course and treatment process of a 6-year-old child with IHES had been retrospectively analyzed. Result The boy was admitted for abdominal discomfort and poor appetite, quickly developed into abdominal distension, dyspnea, jaundice, edema, and worsen hepatosplenomegaly. Routine blood test showed that the eosinophilia was 186.39×109/L. Bone marrow smear showed that the mature eosinophilcell granulocyles signiifcantly increased to 90.4%. The FIL1P1-PDGFRαfusion gene detection, parasites and antibodies tests were all negative. CT and other examinations indicated that the digestion, circulation, blood and nervous system were all affected. The diagnosis of IHES was considered. Hydroxycarbamide and steroids applied, the eosinophil decrease, however, the symptoms no relief, eventually developed to the multiple organ failure. Conclusion IHES is rare in children. Further studies are necessary regarding the treatment and prognosis.

Objective To study the changes and significance of serum intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP) in children with traumatic brain injury(TBI) complicaled with acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI). Methods A total of 95 children suffering from TBI hospitalized in the PICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to March 2018 were enrolled in the study. According to the modified Glasgow coma score combined with clinical classification criteria for acute closed head injury, the cases were devided into mild(43 cases),moderate (23 cases),and severe(29 cases). Children were gra-ded according to AGI (AGI Ⅰ42 cases,AGI Ⅱ 30 cases,AGI Ⅲ 13 cases,and AGI Ⅳ 10 cases). Thirty healthy children who underwent physical examination at outpatient service were enrolled as the control group. Blood samples were collected at the time of admission and on the 3rd day after admission. Serum IFABP was detected by ELISA,and the differences of serum IFABP concentrations were compared among groups. The correlations between IFABP with TBI classification and AGI grade were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn,and the predictive values of IFABP for the diagnosis of children with TBI complicated with AGI were evaluated. Results On the day of admission,the serum levels of IFABP in mild,moderate and severe brain injury group were significantly higher than that in control group (all P <0. 01). And serum IFABP concentration gradually increased with the increase of brain injury (all P < 0. 01).Serum IFABP levels in children with AGI grade Ⅰto Ⅳ were significantly higher than those in control group (all P < 0. 01). The levels of serum IFABP also increased with the increase of AGI level (all P < 0. 01). The concentration of serum IFABP was positively correlated with the grade of TBI and AGI (rs = 0. 82,P < 0. 01;rs = 0. 70,P < 0. 01). In each group,the levels of serum IFABP on the 3rd day after admission were lower than those on admission (all P < 0. 01). The ROC curve analysis showed that serum IFABP was of high diag-nostic value in children with TBI complicated with AGI,and the area under the ROC curve was 0. 88. When the cutoff value of IFABP was 431. 36 ng/ L,the sensitivity and specificity were 71. 61％ and 90. 00％ ,re-spectively. Conclusion Serum IFABP can be used as a sensitive indicator for the early diagnosis and disease assessment in children with TBI complicated with gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Objective:To analyze the clinical and genotype features of infants with epilepsy caused by RYR2 gene mutations, and explore the correlation between RYR2 gene mutations and epilepsy. Methods:The clinical characteristics and genetic test results of 2 infants with epilepsy caused by RYR2 gene mutations, admitted to Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in December 2020 or May 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. The related literature was reviewed. Results:These 2 infants had onset at the infancy (4 and 9 months after birth), characterized by repeated unprovoked seizures; 1 patient had abnormal dynamic electrocardiogram results without malignant ventricular arrhythmia; 1 patient showed abnormal discharge in interictal electroencephalogram, which was effectively controlled after treatment with levetiracetam oral solution. Whole exon sequencing revealed heterozygous missense mutation of the RYR2 gene c.14767A>G(p.Met4923Val) in 1 child, heterozygous missense mutation of the RYR2 gene c.14014A>G(p.Met4672Val) in 1 child, and no other known epilepsy pathogenic gene mutation was found in 2 children. American Society for Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines evaluated 2 mutations as pathogenic mutations (PS2+PM1+PM2+PP2+PP3). Conclusion:RYR2 gene is potentially a novel epilepsy gene.