Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the phthalate ester exposure and the population obesity with Meta-analysis, and to provide a new idea for prevention and control of obesity. Methods:A comprehensive search was performed in English databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Elsevier Science Direct and OVID) and Chinese databases (Sinomed database, CNKI database, VIP database, Wanfang database).The studies about the relationship between phthalate ester exposure and the population obesity were retriveded.The Chinese and English studies were selected according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:Six studies were finally obtained, involving 1259 samples.The Meta-analysis results showed that the monobutyl phthalate (MBP) level in urine of the obesity population was increased 4.1 times compared with the normal population (95%CI:1.43-6.76);while the combined effect values of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) level in serum of the population in two groups were 1.17 (95%CI:0.64-1.69), 0.80 (95%CI:0.13-1.48), and 0.72 (95%CI:-0.19-1.63);the combined effect values of monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) and monoethyl phthalate (MEP) levels in urine were 1.75 (95%CI:-0.45-3.96) and 2.75 (95%CI: 0.36-5.15);there were no significant differences (P>0.05).Conclusion:The elevated MBP levels in the urine may be a risk factor for obesity in the population, suggesting that MBP may contribute to obesity.