Objective The aim of this study was to investigate mutations of 41 STR loci. Methods 4546 bloodstain samples were typed from 1932 father–mother–child trios by using AGCU_21+1, AGCU_EX22 and GlobalFiler_ExpressTM amplification Kit. Calculate the mutation rates of STR loci. Results 154 mutations were identified at 32 of the 41 loci. The average mutation rate was 1.0×10-3per locus(95%CI: 0.8~1.1×10-3), and the mutations of SE33 was highest. 152(98.7%) mutation events were one-step mutation, 2(1.3%) events were two-steps. The mutation events occurred in 150 father–mother–child triplets. The mutations in 146(97.3%) triplets occurred at single locus, 8 mutations were observed at two loci in 4(2.7%) triplets simultaneously. 104 paternal and 22 maternal mutations could be determined under 79212 paternal and maternal allelictransfers. The ratio of paternal versus maternal mutations was 4.7:1, and 28 unassigned mutations were observed. Conclusion STR mutation are common in paternity testing, and we should pay more attention to it.

Objective To analyze the clinic data of peripheral CIK cell increased abnormally in adults and discuss the function of the laboratory indexes on disease diagnosis ,monitoring and therapeutic intervention .Methods The peripheral blood of patients was collected to analysis .The flow cytometry instrument was used to detect lymphocyte subgroup .every patient was conducted bio‐chemical analysis ,function of blood coagulation tests and examination of marrow cell and the patient′s medical record was analyzed retrospectively .Results The total number of leukocyte and the percentage of lymphocyte in peripheral blood of patient were in‐creased;immunophenotyping results showed that lymphocytes was mainly T lymphocyte ,T8 cell number was increased and number of T4 cell was decreased;CIK(CD3+56+ ) cells were in the majority .the number of CIK cells was decreased after treatment and ranged from 28 .6% to 59 .7% .there was no obvious anomaly in examination of marrow cell before and after treatment .TNF‐α,IgM were increased mildly ,C4 was decreased mildly ,and other indicators were no obviously abnormal .Conclusion It is the first time that cases with CIK cells idiopathic increased .The monitoring of flow T lymphocyte subgroup can provide clinical diagnosis ,effect monitoring and it is worth to promote .

Objective To deveplope construct and validate a novel multiplex PCR system comprised of 30 Y-STR markers only with low and moderate mutation rates. Methods 30 Y-STRs characterized by low/moderate mutation rate and middle/high polymorphic was amplified simultaneously in a multiplex PCR system using the six color labeling fluorescence. PCR product was analyzed in a ABI 3500XL Genetic Analyzer. The accuracy, specifity, sensitivity and stability of the system and its validation on the mixtures were evaluated. Results The validation studies demonstrated that the system is a stable, accurate, and sensitive multiplex PCR system. The sensitivity was 0.0625ng DNA. Y-STR could be detection in a male/female DNA mixture ratio of 1:4. Conclusion The primary study demonstrates that this multiplex PCR system is effective and reliable for forensic routine DNA analysis. It will be very helpful for constructing Chinese forensic Y-STR database and population genetic research.