Child ; China ; Humans ; Lead Poisoning ; prevention & control ; Public Health Practice

Child ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Lead Poisoning ; prevention & control

Child ; Disease Susceptibility ; etiology ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Pollutants ; Health Status ; Humans

Objective To investigate the use and effect of subcutaneous flap and tunica vaginalis flap in hypospadias repair and hypospadias fistulas repair. Methods A total of 73 cases of hypospadias and hypospadias fistulas following surgery were included.The new urethras or closed fistulas were wrapped with various types of subcutaneous flaps or tunica vaginalis flaps.In the 45 cases of hypospadias,dorsal dartos flap technique was used in 27,tunica vaginalis flap technique in 3,and adjoining pedicle advance dartos flap technique in 15.In the 28 cases of urethral fistulas,dorsal dartos flap technique was used in 4,X-V skin flap technique in 14,and adjoining U-shaped subcutaneous flap technique in 10. Results All the cases were followed up for 3 to 36 months.Of the 45 cases of hupospadias, fistulas occurred in 3.Of the 28 cases of urethral fistulas, no fistulas occurred.The success rate of operation was 95.9%. Conclusions The use of these techniques can reduce the incidence rate of urethrocutaneous fistulas in hypospadias repair and hypospadias fistulas repair.Based on our experience these techniques are the optimal repair for classical patients with hypospadias and hypospadias fistulas.

Communicable Diseases ; transmission ; Decision Support Techniques ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Risk Factors

A strain of Mucor named M2,which could produce protease,was isolated from a traditional fermented soybean product.Culture conditions of proteases produced by M2 were studied therefore.The results showed that nitrogen source and carbon source preferred for protease production were soybean protein isolate and glucose,while inorganic salts preferred were KH2PO4,CaCl2 and MgCl2.The suitable culture conditions for protease production were as follows:culture temperature was 28℃,inoculation volume was 2%,liquid level was 100 mL in 300 mL triangle bottle at pH 5,rotating speed was 150 r/min and culture time was 48 h.The obtained protease activity in culture was about 4.35 U/mL.The protease produced by Mucor was analyzed with SDS-PAGE.The protease had a molecular weight of 36.4 kD.

Communicable Diseases ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Environmental Monitoring ; Epidemiologic Factors ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Risk Assessment

OBJECTIVE:To study the chemical components of Swertia nervosa. METHODS:Silica gel column chromatogra-phy was used for purification and analysis of compounds’structure based on physicochemical properties and spectral data. RE-SULTS:Five compounds were isolated and identified in petroleum ether portion of S. nervosa,involving 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trime-thoxyxanthone (1),1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone (2),1,8-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone(3),1-hydroxy-3,5-dime-thoxyxanthone(4)and β-sitosterol(5). CONCLUSIONS:Compound 1,3 and 4 are isolated from S. nervosa for the first time,and the study has laid a foundation for the quality evaluation of S. nervosa.

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Swertia decora, a traditional herb used to treat hepatitis by the minority.Methods The constituents were separated and purified by column chromatography with silica gel.Their structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis such as UV, MS, NMR, HMPC, HMQC and by HPLC.Results Three compounds were isolated from the chloroform part and ethyl acetate part of the extracts.Their structures were identified as 1-hydroxy-4, 5, 6, 7-tetra- methoxy -9H-xanthen-9-one (swertiadecoraxanthone-Ⅰ, Ⅰ), 5, 7, 3′, 4′- tetrahydroxyflavone (luteolin, Ⅱ), and 3, 5, 7, 3′, 4′-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin, Ⅲ), respectively.Conclusion Swertiadecora- xanthone -Ⅰ is a new compound and the other two are found from this plant for the first time.The pentaoxygenated patterns of compound Ⅰ is also found for the first time in the plants of Swertia L.