Child ; Disease Susceptibility ; etiology ; Environmental Exposure ; Environmental Pollutants ; Health Status ; Humans

A strain of Mucor named M2,which could produce protease,was isolated from a traditional fermented soybean product.Culture conditions of proteases produced by M2 were studied therefore.The results showed that nitrogen source and carbon source preferred for protease production were soybean protein isolate and glucose,while inorganic salts preferred were KH2PO4,CaCl2 and MgCl2.The suitable culture conditions for protease production were as follows:culture temperature was 28℃,inoculation volume was 2%,liquid level was 100 mL in 300 mL triangle bottle at pH 5,rotating speed was 150 r/min and culture time was 48 h.The obtained protease activity in culture was about 4.35 U/mL.The protease produced by Mucor was analyzed with SDS-PAGE.The protease had a molecular weight of 36.4 kD.

Communicable Diseases ; transmission ; Decision Support Techniques ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Risk Factors

Objective To investigate the use and effect of subcutaneous flap and tunica vaginalis flap in hypospadias repair and hypospadias fistulas repair. Methods A total of 73 cases of hypospadias and hypospadias fistulas following surgery were included.The new urethras or closed fistulas were wrapped with various types of subcutaneous flaps or tunica vaginalis flaps.In the 45 cases of hypospadias,dorsal dartos flap technique was used in 27,tunica vaginalis flap technique in 3,and adjoining pedicle advance dartos flap technique in 15.In the 28 cases of urethral fistulas,dorsal dartos flap technique was used in 4,X-V skin flap technique in 14,and adjoining U-shaped subcutaneous flap technique in 10. Results All the cases were followed up for 3 to 36 months.Of the 45 cases of hupospadias, fistulas occurred in 3.Of the 28 cases of urethral fistulas, no fistulas occurred.The success rate of operation was 95.9%. Conclusions The use of these techniques can reduce the incidence rate of urethrocutaneous fistulas in hypospadias repair and hypospadias fistulas repair.Based on our experience these techniques are the optimal repair for classical patients with hypospadias and hypospadias fistulas.

Child ; China ; Humans ; Lead Poisoning ; prevention & control ; Public Health Practice

Child ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Lead Poisoning ; prevention & control

Communicable Diseases ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Environmental Monitoring ; Epidemiologic Factors ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Risk Assessment

AIM: To observe the efficacy of ondansetron by intravenous injection at different time in preventing nausea and vomiting after pediatric strabismus surgery.METHODS: Totally 90 children aged 3 - 11y were randomly selected for pediatric strabismus surgery from June 2013 to August 2013 in our hospital. The ASA grade of all children were Ⅰ - II. Children were randomly divided into three groups with 30 cases each. Group A received intravenous drip of ondansetron 0. 1mg/kg before surgery. Group B received intravenous drip of ondansetron 0. 1mg/kg after surgery. Group C as control group was not given ondansetron. The number and severity of nausea and vomiting were observed within 24h after surgery.
RESULTS: There were no statistical significance in patients' gender, weight, age, duration of anesthesia, ketamine dosage and vital signs intraoperative between the three groups ( P > 0. 05 ). The incidence rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV) of group A and B were significantly lower than group C (P<0. 05). The incidence rate of PONV of group A and group B have no significant difference (P>0. 05).
CONCLUSION:Using ondansetron is effective and safe in preventing PONV before and at the end of the pediatric strabismus surgery, which can also improve safety and be lower cost. It is a worthy promoting antiemetic approach for eye surgery.

Objective To describe the clinical characters and risk factors of feeding intolerance in neonates. Methods The data of all neonates hospitalized in the newborn ward from January 2003 to March 2007 were ana- lyzed.Results The incidence of feeding intolerance was 6.99 % in the term infants and 27.63 % in the premature infants,and this increased in low birth weight and small gestational age infants.The symptoms of feeding intoler- ance.such as vomiting,gastric residual,abdominal distension and defecation difficulty presented usually in the first week of enteral feeding.The neonates with smaller gestational age and lower birth weight often presented with gas- tric residual,abdominal distension and defecation difficulty,but the larger ones with vomiting.The incidence of feed- ing intolerance increased in asphyxia aegrotus.Conclusion The birth weight and gestational age are protection fac- tors of feeding intolerance in neonates,the asphyxia are risk factors.More attention should be paid to vomiting,gas- tric residual,abdominal distension and defecation difficulty of neonates,especially,in the first week of enteral feeding.

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Swertia decora, a traditional herb used to treat hepatitis by the minority.Methods The constituents were separated and purified by column chromatography with silica gel.Their structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis such as UV, MS, NMR, HMPC, HMQC and by HPLC.Results Three compounds were isolated from the chloroform part and ethyl acetate part of the extracts.Their structures were identified as 1-hydroxy-4, 5, 6, 7-tetra- methoxy -9H-xanthen-9-one (swertiadecoraxanthone-Ⅰ, Ⅰ), 5, 7, 3′, 4′- tetrahydroxyflavone (luteolin, Ⅱ), and 3, 5, 7, 3′, 4′-pentahydroxyflavone (quercetin, Ⅲ), respectively.Conclusion Swertiadecora- xanthone -Ⅰ is a new compound and the other two are found from this plant for the first time.The pentaoxygenated patterns of compound Ⅰ is also found for the first time in the plants of Swertia L.