Objective:To establish a method for the determination of erythromycin in erythromycin enteric capsules. Methods:UV spectrophotometry was performed. Sodium hydroxide reacted with erythromycin to obtain a unsaturated ketone having maximum absor-bance at 235 nm. The content of erythromycin in erythromycin enteric capsules was determined by the UV absorbance of the unsaturat-ed ketone. Results: The linear range of erythromycin was 51. 18-307. 08 μg · ml-1 ( r =0. 999 9 ) and the average recovery was 99. 9%(RSD=1. 2%,n=6). Conclusion:The method is simple,accurate,sensitive and reproducible, which can be used for the de-termination of erythromycin in erythromycin enteric capsules.

Objective:To establish a HPLC method for the determination of baicalin in Shangsuyu Spray.Methods:A Shim pack CLC ODS column was used. The mobile phase consisted of NH 4H 2PO 4 buffer (3.0) methanol (50∶50). The detective wavelength was 276nm.Results:The linear range was from 1.08 to 20.60?g/ml, r =0.9999. The recovery of the added sample was 100.5%. RSD was 2.5%. This method was easy to operate with accurate result, high sensitivity and good reproducibility.Conclusion:The method can be used for the determination of the contents of baicalin in Shangsuyu Spray.

Objective To assess CT diagnostic value of gastric stromal tumor (GST). Methods Clinical data and spiral CT findings of 20 patients with pathologically proven GST were analyzed retrospectively. Results Twenty lesions were solitary in plain CT scan image. The malignant lesions (n=9) were larger than 5.0 cm in diameter and cystic degenerations as well as necrosis were detected within the tumors, while the underlying malignant lesions (n=11) were smaller than 5.0 cm in diameter and most of them showed homogeneous density. Calcification was detected in 2 patients. On enhanced CT scan, the substantial part of the lesions was obviously strengthened. Multiplanar reformation displayed the relationship of tumor and stomach clearly. Conclusion The CT imaging features of gastric stromal tumor are characteristic. Plain CT scan and multiplanar reformation are helpful to determine the location and nature of gastric stromal tumors.

Objective To explore the symptoms of anxiety,family structure,and the distribution features of family about in-patients.And to find out the influence of the family structure on in-patients' symptoms of anxiety.The results would provide evidentiary support and suggestions for in-patients to improve quality of life and for prevention and intervention of anxiety.Methods Family table was used to register the family structure which was classified as the nuclear family,stem/expended family and other classification.The anxiety of in-patients was measured by self-rating anxiety scale.Results A total of 512 cases of in-patients completed the survey,there were 483 valid questionnaires.The rate of effective questionnaire was 94.34％.In family structure of in-patients,core family accounted for 48.65％,stem/expended family was 36.85％.The sex of family structure showed significant difference,the female proportion of the nuclear family was significantly higher than male.Among all in-patients,78.05％ did not have anxiety,low-level,medium-level,and severe anxiety showed no significant differences.The effects of anxiety on family structure had significant differences.The anxiety level of stem family was relatively higher.Conclusions Economic development and the population flow due to industrialization and globalization changed family structure of our country,especially in coastal de-velopment cities with fast economic development,fast-paced and stressful work,and it may affect the influ-ence of Chinese traditional family structure on anxiety of the in-patients.

Objective To assess whether highly cross-linked polyethylene liners are superior to conventional polyethylene liners in total hip arthroplasty (THA).Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of highly cross-linked and conventional polyethylene liners in THA were retrieved from MEDLINE,PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Central,CBMdisc,CBM,and VIP.Until April 2012,reference lists of the included articles and related reviews were manually searched as supplements.Meta analysis was performed with RevMan 5.1.Mean difference (MD) was used to assess the linear wear rate in highly cross-linked group versus conventional group.Odds ratio (OR) was used to estimate the osteolysis and revision incidence in the two groups.Results Meta analysis indicated that the two-dimensional linear wear rate [MD =-0.08,95％ CI (-0.1,0.06),P ＜ 0.05],three-dimensional linear wear rate [MD=-0.15,95％CI (-0.22,0.08),P＜0.05],volumetric wear rate [MD=-53.03,95％ CI (-84.39,-21.67,P＜0.05],total linear wear [MD=-0.19,95％CI (-0.23,-0.15),P＜0.05],and osteolysis incidence [OR =0.23,95％ C1 (0.13,0.39),P ＜ 0.05] were significantly reduced in highly cross-linked group than in conventional group.There were no statistical differences between the two groups concerning the creep value of the polyethylene liners and revision incidence.Conclusions Highly cross-linked polyethylene liners for primary THA present a low incidence of wear and osteolysis.As the number and quality of the included studies are limited,a long-term follow-up of more large-sample and high-quality RCTs are needed to evidence the outcome.

Objective To observe the effects of Weipixiao on the ultrastructure of gastric mucosa capillaries in rats with precancerous lesions of gastric cancer ( PLGC). Methods The rats were randomized into six groups, including normal group, model group, Vatacoenayme Tablets group ( 0.2 g·kg-1·d-1) , and high-, middle-, and low- dose Weipixiao groups ( 15, 7.5, and 3.75 g·kg-1·d-1 respectively) . The rats received spontaneous intake of N-methyl-N’-nitro-nitrosoguanidine ( MNNG, 200 μg/mL) solution combined with irregular diet and intragastric administration of purgative herbs Xiao Chengqi Decoction ( 2 mL, containing 1 g/mL crude drug) for 18 weeks to induce spleen-deficiency PLGC. The pathological changes in gastric mucosa and the ultrastructure of gastric mucosa capillaries were observed under the transmission electron microscope. Results The model has been established successfully. Transmission electron microscopy results in the model group showed as severely swollen endothelial cells of gastric mucosa capillaries, severely-narrowing or even blocked vascular lumens, rough and discontinuous basement membrane, and swollen, degenerated or even absent pericytes. And the ultrastructure of gastric mucosa capillaries in high-, middle-, and low- dose Weipixiao groups were improved to some degrees, the effect of low-dose Weipixiao group being the best. Conclusion The improvement of the mucosal microcirculation of spleen-deficiency PLGC rats may be one of the pathohistological mechanisms of Weipixiao for spleen-deficiency PLGC.

Objective To study dynamic changes of gene expressions and protein synthesis of Runx2 (runt-related transcription factor-2), Osterix, osteocalcin and AJ18 inside the femoral head with steroid-induced osteonecrosis after mechanical stress stimulation in rats. Methods A total of 50 Wistar rats (half male in sex) weighing 250-270 g (mean 260 g) were involved in this study and randomly divided into experimental group (40 rats) and normal group (10 rats). The rats in experimental group were injected with dexamethasone (20 mg/kg) via bilateral gluteus maximus alternatively once a week and then trained on laboratory animal treadmill twice weekly to make rat model of femoral head necrosis. After identifying the successfully induced model by Hematoxylin and eosin stain, glucocorticoid injection was ceased and the experimental group was randomly divided into model control group, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks groups after hormone training stopped. Then, total RNA and total protein were extracted from femoral head for detecting dynamic changes of genes expressions and proteins synthesis of Runx2, Osterix, osteocalcin and A J18 after mechanical stress stimulation inside the femoral head with steroid-induced osteonecrosis by means of real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot assay. Results In 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks groups after hormone training stopped, the gene expressions and proteins synthesis of Runx2, Osterix and osteocalein were reduced more significantly compared with model control group, mBNA expression values of Runx2, Osterix and osteoealcin were 0. 1809, 0. 1639, 0. 1374 and 0. 4219, 0. 3026, 0.2652 and 0. 2857, 0.2027, 0. 1583 times of those in model control group. The expressions of Runx2, Osterix and osteocalcin showed a downward trend with time. The mBNA expression and protein synthesis of AJ18 at 4th, 6th and 8th weeks after hormone training stopped were 2.6391,4. 2718 and 5. 3165 times of model control group. Conclusions In addition to hormonal factors, inappropriate mechanical stress inhibits expressions and proteins synthesis of Runx2, Osterix and osteocalcin, while the expression and protein synthesis of AJ18 are upgraded in early steroid-induced femoral head necrosis in rats.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) refers to the reperfusion injury caused by the recovery of blood supply of ischemic tissues or organs, which commonly occurs in organ transplantation and other surgical procedures. IRI may cause a series of severe clinical issues, such as delayed graft function, acute kidney injury, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and circulatory arrest, etc. These events yield high incidence and fatality. At present, no effective solution has been available. Transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6), a member of Ca²⁺ channel family, is highly expressed in multiple types of cells. It may adjust many physiological functions by regulating intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration, which has become an important target for developing therapeutic drugs for multiple diseases. In this article, research progresses on the introduction and function of TRPC6, the association between TRPC6 and IRI and the therapeutic prospect of TRPC6 targeted drugs in IRI were reviewed, aiming to provide novel insights into the prevention and treatment of IRI during organ transplantation

Objective To investigate the protective effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome (hucMSC-Exo) on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and to clarify the critical role and regulating mechanism of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 6/poly adenosine-diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) 1 signaling pathway during this process. Methods The hucMSC-Exo was extracted by ultracentrifugation, and identified by transmission electron microscope (TEM), nanoparticle tracing analysis and Western blot. SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group (group S), sham operation+TRPC6 inhibitor SKF96365 group (group SS), renal IRI group (group IRI), exosome treatment group (group EXO) and exosome +TRPC6 inhibitor SKF96365 group (group ES), with 6 rats in each group. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were detected. Pathological changes of renal tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Paller score was calculated. The expression levels of key molecules of necroptosis in rat renal tissues, including receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)1, RIPK3 and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), TRPC6 and PARP1, were detected by Western blot. Results Typical saucer-like structure was observed under TEM. Nanoparticle tracing analysis showed that the average diameter of the extracted substance was 125.9 nm. Western blot revealed that the surface markers of CD9, CD63 and CD81 were positively expressed, confirmed that the extracted substance was exosome. Compared with group S, the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were up-regulated, the pathological damage of renal tissues was worsened, Paller score was elevated, the relative expression levels of TRPC6 and PARP1 proteins were down-regulated, and the relative expression levels of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL proteins were up-regulated in group IRI (all P < 0.05). Compared with group IRI, the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were down-regulated, the pathological damage of renal tissues was mitigated, Paller score was decreased, the relative expression levels of TRPC6 and PARP1 proteins were up-regulated, and the relative expression levels of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL proteins were down-regulated in group EXO (all P < 0.05). Compared with group EXO, the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were up-regulated, the pathological damage of renal tissues was aggravated, Paller score was increased, the relative expression levels of TRPC6 and PARP1 proteins were down-regulated, and the relative expression levels of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL proteins were up-regulated in group ES (all P < 0.05). Conclusions hucMSC-Exo may alleviate the necroptosis induced by renal IRI in rat models, which is related to the activation of TRPC6/PARP1 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVETo prepare flexible proanthocyanidins nanoliposomes, and explore the in vitro release behavior of proanthocyanidins flexible nanoliposomes and general nanoliposomes.

METHODFlexible proanthoeyanidins nanoliposomes were prepared proanthocyanidins using a film dispersion method, characterized by transmission electron microscope, and the in vitro release action was studied in different dissolution mediums using dynamic dialyse method with the content of total phenol as index.

RESULTThe in vitro release of both proanthocyanidins flexible nanoliposomes and general nanoliposomes were in accordance with Weibull distribution.

CONCLUSIONProanthocyanidins flexible nanoliposomes without pressure had similar in vitro release behavior with general nanoliposomes.

Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Nanospheres ; chemistry ; ultrastructure ; Particle Size ; Proanthocyanidins ; chemistry