Objective To explore the effectiveness of humanistic care nursing applicated in otorhinolaryngology endoscopy.Methods 124 patients with otorhinolaryngology endoscopy were selected as the research subjects,and they were randomly divided into two groups according to the digital table,62 cases in each group.The normal group was given the general nursing measures,the research group was given the humanistic care in nursing care concept.And then,the HAMA scores,HAMD scores,satisfaction and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The HAMA scores and HAMD scores of the two groups before nursing had no significant differences (t =0.452,0.526,all P ＞ 0.05).The patients of the two groups all suffered from mild anxiety and depressive symptoms.After nursing,the HAMA scores of the research group[(7.51 ± 0.25) points] and HAMD scores[(9.30 ± 0.10) points] decreased obviously lower,it showed the patients' anxiety and depression significantly improved,there were statistically significant differences compared with the normal group (t =5.231,4.798,all P ＜ 0.05).The patients'satisfaction rate of the research group was 96.77％,which of the normal group was only 82.23％,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (x2 =6.328,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Patients with otorhin olaryngology endoscopy in daily nursing into humanistic care nursing concept can achieve more significant effect,and it can significantly improve patients with bad mood and nursing satisfaction,reduce the incidence of adverse reactions,and it is worthy of recommending to adopt.

Objective To investigate the distribution of scopolamine into brain following intranasal .Methods Adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups ,and administrated with scopolamine 0 .3 mg via intraperitoneal or intranasal respectively .Two groups of blood concentration and brain concentration of scopolamine were determined by solid phase extraction (SPE) and LC/MS assay at the time point of 5 ,10 ,20 ,30 ,60 ,120 ,240 ,480 min ,and their kinetic parameters were calculated and compared .Results Scopol-amine bioavailability of intranasal administration was 65% ,and the maximum concentration of scopolamine in brain following in-tranasal administration was much higher than that following intraperitoneal administration .Comparing the ratio of AUC in brain and in plasma ,ratio of intranasal administration is bigger than that of intraperitoneal administration significantly (P<0 .05) .Con-clusion It was concluded that scopolamine′s intranasal administration induced the agent targeting distribution into the brain .

Reference materials are one of the major approaches to achieve measurement accuracy and metrological comparability. Different functions of reference materials should also be distinguished when applied to mass spectrometry as an emerging technology in clinical laboratory. Proper reference materials for validation, calibration and quality control of measurement method can ensure the accuracy and comparability of test results. Based on the problems of reference materials in clinical mass spectrometry, the precautions for the use of reference materials are summarized in the aspects of measurement method validation, calibrator usage and quality control.

Objective To investigate the effects of preconditioning with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) on the second liver injury in rats with traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock (TBIS) and explore the underlying mechanism.Methods Total of 36 male Wistar rats were assigned randomly (random number) into 3 groups (n =12 in each):sham operation group (C),TBIS model group and PUFA pretreatment group.The arterial blood samples were taken for determination of serum levels of ALT,AST and TNF-α.The liver were removed for determination of levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH),and microscopic examination.Results Compared with group C,the serum levels of ALT,AST and TNF-α and the liver levels of MDA were significantly higher (P ＜0.01),but the liver levels of SOD and GSH in group TBIS and group PUFA were significantly lower (P ＜0.01).The serum levels of ALT,AST and TNF-α and the liver levels of MDA were significantly lower (P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05),but the levels of SOD and GSH in liver tissues were significantly higher (P ＜ 0.01or P ＜ 0.05) in group PUFA than those in group TBIS.Histological examination revealed the injury of liver in TBIS group,and the rats in PUFA treated group showed alleviated severity of liver injury.Conclusions The supplementation of ω-3 PUFA can ameliorate acute liver injury in rats with TBIS,which may contribute to inhibition of oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cytokines expression.

Objective To evaluate the neurotoxic effects of intrathecal (IT) different concentrations of ethanesulfonic acid ropivacaine on spinal cord in rats. Methods Sixty healthy Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 210-220 g in which IT catheters were successfully placed according to Yaksh et al. were randomly divided into 5 groups (n= 12 each). The animals received 0.9% NaCl solution 0.4 ml (group C); 0.224%, 0.447%,0.671%, 0.894% ethanesulfonic acid ropivacaine 0.4 ml (group R1-4 ). The onset time and duration of the block were recorded. The animals were killed on 7th day after IT administration. The L4,5 segment of the spinal cord were removed for neuropathologic examination with electron microscope. The spinal cord injury was scored.Neurotoxicity was defined as the spinal cord injury score ≥ 2 and the spinal neurotoxicity was recorded. Results Onset time was shorter and duration of the block was prolonged with increasing concentrations of ethanesulfonic acid ropivacaine. The incidence of the spinal neurotoxicity was 0, 0, 17%, 42% and 100% in group C, R1, R2, R3 and R4 respectively. The incidence of the spinal neurotoxicity was gradually increased with increasing concentrations of ethanesulfonic acid ropivacaine. Conclusion IT ethanesulfonic acid ropivacaine can produce neurotoxicity to the spinal cord and it depends on the concentration.

Objective To investigate the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) on systemic inflammatory response and intestinal mucosa barrier in rats with traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock (TBIS).Methods A total of 36 male Wistar rats were equally randomized into 3 groups:sham operation group,TBIS model group,and ω-3 PUFA pretreatment group.The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),8-iso-prostaglandin F2 a (8-iso-PGF2 a),interleukin (IL)-1 β,and IL-10 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).HE staining was performed for morphological assessment of the intestinal tissue and evaluation of the intestinal mucosa damage index (IMDI).The marked bacilli of the mesenteric lymph nodes,lung,liver,spleen,and kidney tissue were counted under a fluorescent microscope.Results Compared with those in the sham group [ (38.15 ± 6.37) ng/ml,(84.91 ± 17.22) pg/ml,(2.52 ± 0.83 ) μg/L,(2.86 ± 0.82) μg/L,0.36 ±0.14,and 8.33％ ],the serum levels of TNF-α [ (328.11 ±20.09) and (244.37 ±21.82) ng/rrl],8-iso-PGF2a [ (263.47±55.19) and (176.35±41.63) pg/ml],IL-1β [ (27.06±2.61) and (18.91 ±1.78) μg/L],IL-10 [ (7.63 ± 1.29) and (9.52 ± 4.66) μg/L],the IMDI (4.18 ±0.39 and 3.31 ±0.40),and the positive rates of bacterial translocation (56.67％ and 35.00％ ) were significantly higher in both the TBIS model group and ω-3 PUFA group ( all P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with TBIS model group,the levels of TNF-α,8-iso-PGF2 a,and IL-1 β,the IMDI,and the positive rate of bacterial translocation were significantly lower ( all P ＜ 0.05 ) and the levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in the ω-3 PUFA group (P ＜0.01 ).Conclusion The supplementation of ω-3 PUFA can remarkably inhibit the systemic inflammatory response and protect the integrity of intestinal mucosa in rat with TBIS.

Objective:To describe the epidemiological characteristics of mental disorders in Ximeng Wa Au-tonomous County and explore psychosocial risk factors of mental disorders. Methods:Two thousand three hundred and eighty one residents aged 1 8 years and over were sampled using multistage sampling in Ximeng Wa Autono-mous County in 2013. All respondents were investigated by face-to-face interview. Mental disorders were screened out by using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)and diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases Checklist (ICD-10-Checklist)criteria. Results:Life time prevalence of any mental disorder was 19. 86%(419/2110). The lifetime prevalence rates of substance use disorder,anxiety disorder,insomnia,mood disorder, schizophrenia were 12. 99%(274/2110),6. 30%(133/2110),2. 94%(62/2110),2. 32%(49/2110)and 1. 00%(21/2110)respectively. Male (OR=0. 43),older age (35 -49 years,OR=1. 78;50 -64 years,OR=2. 59;≥65 years,OR=3. 5 1 ),unmarried and other marital status (OR=0. 3 1 ),non-Wa and non-Lahu ethnic groups (OR=0. 29)were associated with neurotic,stress-related and somatoform disorders. Male (OR=2. 41),older age (35 -49 years,OR=2. 29;50-64 years,OR=3. 20;≥65 years,OR=4. 58),non-farmer and non-self-employed occupation (OR=0. 41),and non-Wa and non-Lahu ethnic groups (OR=0. 32)were associated with psychoactive substance use disorder. Male (OR =0. 35 ) and order age (≥65 years,OR =3. 05 ) were associated with mood disorders. Conclusion:Lifetime prevalence of any mental disorder,substance use disorders and anxiety disorders are high in Ximeng Wa Autonomous County. Measures should be strengthened against prevalence of mental disorders in ethnic minority areas.

Vitamins are classified as either fat-soluble (vitamins A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (vitamins B and vitamin C). Traditional methods of immunoassay have only been developed for vitamins D,B6, B9 and B12. However, they cannot distinguish between vitamin subtypes such as D2, D3 and associated epi isomers (which has higher leveks in infants),giving false positive or negative results. Mass spectrometry has become a gold standard method for small molecule analysis in biological samples with its advantages in speed,resolution,sensitivity and specificity. It is widely used in clinical research and diagnosis and provides an efficient method for simultaneous detection of multivitamins in one injection using one low volume sample collection.

Clinical application of mass spectrometry technology has attracted the attention of clinical laboratory experts due to its high sensitivity, high specificity, and capacities of simultaneous detection of multiple compounds. In recent years, mass spectrometry technology has made significant achievements in the fields of identification of pathogenic microorganism, detection of trace elements and heavy metals, small molecule hormones, vitamins, amino acids, peptides and proteins, as well as therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and poisoning drugs screening. In order to further clarify the opportunities and challenges brought by this complex mass spectrometry technology in the field of clinical laboratory, the Chinese Journal of Laboratory Medicine invited experts and scholars of laboratory medicine to share their experience and opinions on related items focusing on the positioning of mass spectrometry technology in the clinical laboratory, the development and improvement of the clinical laboratory by mass spectrometry technology, the challenges of interpreting mass spectrometry test results, the challenges of operating and managing clinical mass spectrometry laboratories, and ways of improving the application of clinical mass spectrometry laboratories with this technology. Agreement was achieved in that the introduction of mass spectrometry technology into the clinical laboratory could bring new directions and opportunities for clinical testing and research, and also is associated with a series of challenges such as the difficulty of sample pretreatment, the high cost and complexity of mass spectrometry technology, the complexity of data processing and interpretation, the lack of standards and norms, and the issue of determining the price of mass spectrometry examinations.