The drugs promoting axon regeneration after spinal cord injury has been receiving high attention. Growth, extending and branching of neuron axon is a biological process mediated by cytoskeleton, and microtubule plays an important role on axon structure adjustment and growth. Taxol can reasonably stabilize microtubules, eliminate the obstacles of axon regeneration, and effect on axonal regeneration repair after spinal cord injury. Taxol is mainly used for anti-tumor therapy. This paper reviewed the researches on taxel and neuronal cytoskeletal microtubule.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of multi-detector-row CT (MDCT) in the diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of breast cancer. Methods From January 2004 to December 2007,the clinical data of 54 cases wih pathologically proved breast cancer undergoing preoperative MDCT scan (31 cases also underwent MRI scan) were retrospectively analyzed at our hospital. Surgical planning was based on MDCT assessment. The extent and location of tumor depicted by MDCT,MRI and pathology were compared. Results Breast carcinoma was diagnosed by MDCT in all the cases. In these 54 patients,MDCT achived an accuracy of 87% in evaluating the extent of tumor. Based on MDCT,39 cases underwent BCT surgery with a 8% margin positive rate. MDCT and MRI had no significant difference in accuracy of evaluation on the extent of tumor ( x2 = 0. 5, P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusions MDCT accurately assesses the extent and location of breast cancer, proving its value in preoperative evaluation of breast cancer.

AIM: The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on tissue plasminogen activator(tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1(PAI-1) expression and secretion in endothelial cells. METHODS: Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were induced by LPS for different times. Cell viability was then determined by cell counting kit-8. tPA and PAI-1 activities in the media were assayed by fibrin overlay and reverse fibrin autograph, respectively. Cytoplasmic RNA was prepared using the Trizol method and was assayed for PAI-I and tPA mRNA levels by reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). RESULTS: LPS(10 mg/L) did not produce cell toxicity according to LDH determination in culture media. PAI-1 activity in LPS group was high (P0.05). CONCLUSION: LPS (10 mg/L) did not show signs of cell toxicity, but promoted the expression of PAI-1 mRNA and induced an increase activity of PAI-1. However, LPS (10 mg/L) did not change tPA mRNA expression. The time-dependent increase in PAI-1 mRNA expression and activity shifts the local balance toword increased anti-fibrinolytic capacity, which can amplify the extent of acute thrombosis after plaque rupture. This is one of the possible reasons that cause thrombus,blood coagulation and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) during septicemia.

AIM: To observe the effects of berberine (Ber) on enterocyte apoptosis in septic mice and its pos-sible mechanism.METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice (8 ~10 weeks old) were randomly divided into sham group, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, CLP +Ber group and sham +Ber group.The mice in CLP group underwent CLP ope-ration, and the mice in sham groups suffered a similar operation except the ligation and puncture.After the sham or CLP operation, the mice were administered intragastrically with distilled water or berberine (50 mg/kg) within 2 h.After 20 h, the mice were killed with excess pentobarbital sodium and the ileum tissues were removed.The histological changes of the intestine were observed and the enterocyte apoptosis was examined by determining the protein level of cleaved caspase-3. Furthermore, mitochondrial Bax, cytoplasm cytochrome C (Cyt C) and the total proteins of Bcl-2, Fas, FasL and Fas-as-sociated protein with death domain (FADD) were examined by Western blot.The mRNA expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) was measured by real-time PCR.RESULTS: The extensive ileum injuries, including remarkably increased leukocytes and necrosis of intestinal villus were observed 20 h after CLP.In CLP group, the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, cytoplasm Cyt C, as well as Fas, FasL were significantly increased, but the Bcl-2 level was decreased.Bax translocation into mitochondria was promoted.However, FADD was not changed significantly.The mRNA expression of TH and DBH was also increased sharply in CLP group.On the contrary, treatment with berberine made a considerable alleviating alteration in the ileum of the septic mice.CONCLUSION: Treatment with berberine pro-vides protective effects on intestinal injury in septic mice by reducing enterocyte apoptosis, and its possible mechanism may be involved in the inhibition of the endogenous and exogenous apoptosis pathways.

Since large-scale popularization of the surgical treatment of hernia in the 1990s, China has made great process in the field of hernia and abdominal wall surgery. In the treatment of incisional hernia of abdominal wall, a relatively complete system has been established in China, for instance, the formulation of guidelines, the purpose of incisional hernia treatment, the principle of surgical treatment, the choice of surgical methods, the improvement of material application, standardized treatment process, optimized management system. Common procedures of incisional hernia are open operations, including direct repair suture, bridging repair, and separation techniques of tissue construction. Meanwhile, the laparoscopic repair develops quickly in China as well. Compared with Western countries however, we still have a long way in overall level, for instance, treatment innovation, data integrity accumulation, quality control, technical innovation, new materials research, and monitoring of side-effects of implant materials. What we should consider and pay attention to is how to further develop hernia surgery and make it sustainable. Based on surgical experiences of incisional hernia in China, this paper intends to share the modern knowledge of incisional hernia and abdominal wall surgery.
Abdominal Wall ; China ; Hernia ; Hernia, Ventral ; Herniorrhaphy ; Humans ; Incisional Hernia ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; Surgical Mesh

Aim To investigate the effects of anti-in-flammation and antioxidation of an amphiphilic curcu-min derivative (Curc-OEG)on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats.Methods Rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group,model group,curcumin and Curc-OEG treatment group.All rats except those in control group were given subcuta-neous injection of CCl4 and olive oil mixture,twice a week for 8 weeks.After 4 weeks,rats of control and model group were trea-ted with normal saline intravenously,curcumin group were ad-ministered with curcumin 400 mg.kg -1 .d -1 by gavage and Curc-OEG group were treated with Curc-OEG 1 00 mg.kg -1 .d -1 intra-venously respectively.After 4 weeks treatment,the serum levels of ALT and AST were tested.HE and Sirus staining were used to evaluate the extent of liver inflammation and fibrosis.The mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines of NF-kB,IL-1 β, IL-6,TNF-α,COX-2 were observed with Real Time PCR.The level of MOD,SOD and GSH in liver of rats were quantified. Results The levels of ALT in control,model,curcumin and Curc-OEG group was (31 .7 ±8.7)U·L -1 ,(383.0 ±75.6) U·L -1 ,(406.3 ±204.7)U·L -1 ,(1 07.0 ±73.7)U·L -1 respectively;that of AST was (1 37.7 ±32.7)U·L -1 ,(585.3 ±36.7)U·L -1 ,(485.0 ±246.5)U·L -1 ,(202.7 ±56.0) U·L -1 respectively,Curc-OEG possessed more hepatoprotective effects than that of curcumin.Liver pathology showed Curc-OEG treatment could significantly alleviate steatosis,reduce inflamma-tion and apparently suppress hepatic fibrogenesis by reducing the thickness of bridging fibrotic septa.Compared with curcumin, Curc-OEG down-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels of NF-kB,IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-α,COX-2 (P <0.05 ).Moreo-ver,Curc-OEG reduced the level of MOD and increased the lev-els of SOD and GSH.Conclusion Curc-OEG could more sig-nificantly protect the rat liver from CCl4-caused fibrogenesis by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect than curcumin.

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of Siduqing, a Chinese medicine, on LPS-induced myocardium injury in mice and its mechanisms. METHODS: Mice were divided into 4 group: control, LPS, Siduqing treatment and Siduqing group, and administered intragastrically with Siduqing decoction or distilled water (0 2 mL/10 g) twice a day for 3 days, two hours after Chinese herbal medicine treatment on day 3, LPS (30 mg/kg) or normal saline was injected intraperitoneally. The serum creatine kinase (CK) and myocardial superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined, and myocardial tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF?) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were also detected. In addition, the histological changes and ultrastructure of heart were examined. RESULTS: Histological examination showed edema in myocardium and architectural disarray at 12, 24 h after LPS injection, mitochondrial swelling, condensation and margination of chromatin, irregular nuclear envelope and loss of contractile filaments at 24 h post LPS administration, while Siduqing treatment attenuated the above pathological changes of myocardium. CK activity in serum and myocardial TNF? content were higher in LPS group than control and Siduqing treatment group. Myocardial SOD activity in siduqing treatment group was higher than that in LPS group, but there was no difference in myocardial MDA content between control, LPS and Siduqing treatment group. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that Siduqing protects myocardium against LPS- induced injury via inhibiting myocardial TNF? production.

Autologous breast reconstruction after radical resection of breast cancer has been widely used in clinic.Some surgical methods of autologous breast reconstruction may cause abdominal wall defect to a certain extent.The abdominal wall defect leads to the loss of normal function,which leads to a series of serious pathophysiological changes.At present,transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap(TRAM) and deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap(DIEP) are commonly used for breast reconstruction.According to the different types of abdominal wall defect after breast autoreconstruction for breast cancer surgery,the corresponding surgical repair scheme should be formulated on the basis of strictly following the basic principles of abdominal wall repair.At the same time,appropriate materials for repairing abdominal wall defect are selected according to the different extent of abdominal wall defect.The posterior sheath and peritoneum of rectus abdominis are usually intact after breast reconstruction,and the anterior sheath of rectus abdominis may be retained.The different layers of abdominal wall can be repaired by surgical methods,and the application of repair materials is emphasized.

Hernia and abdominal wall surgery is a relatively new subspecialty in surgery. Although it started late in China, after 25 years of rapid development, it has made remarkable achievements and has become an important part of surgery, laying a solid foundation for the further development of the discipline. At the same time, one should also be soberly aware of the present deficiencies in this field. The development of the field should be more detailed and in-depth from the following aspects: correct understanding of new concepts of hernia and abdominal wall surgery, establishment of hernia patient registration and quality control system, technological innovation and development of technical equipment, especially the expansion of robot surgical systems, materials science progression to hernia and abdominal wall surgery. Faced with this challenge, China is expected to achieve high-quality development in the field of hernia and abdominal surgery.
Humans ; Abdominal Wall/surgery* ; Herniorrhaphy ; Hernia ; China ; Hernia, Ventral/surgery* ; Surgical Mesh

Knee osteoarthritis is a common chronic degenerative disease in the elderly. Its occurrence and development are closely related to biomechanical factors. The force of knee joint is affected by different factors, such as joint morphology, lower limb alignment, muscle contractions, external load, soft tissue traction and so on. Due to the limitation of in vivo measurement, biomechanical parameters based on motion analysis techniques have been widely used in clinical research. At present, biomechanical parameters which are widely studied and applied in clinical research include knee adduction moment, knee adduction impulse, knee flexion moment, and knee varus thrust. It is important to observe the changes of knee joint biomechanical parameters during the occurrence and development of knee osteoarthritis for researching etiology, diagnosis, intervention and treatment.