China ; Occupational Exposure ; Threshold Limit Values ; Ultraviolet Rays

This paper outlines the major animal epidemic emergency management system in the United States, involving the responsibilities of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and Department of Health and Human Services ( DHHS ) .Besides the main commanding and coordinating departments, the system also involves procedures in surveillance, early warning, preparation, response and ending in case of serious animal emergency.We have also summarized and analyzed the characteristics of the American response mode, such as net-worked laboratories, special corps,budgets and national animal identification systems.

Disasters ; Earthquakes ; Humans ; Maxillofacial Injuries ; therapy

Anemia, Macrocytic ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 ; Cri-du-Chat Syndrome ; Humans ; Trisomy

Recent meta-analysis based on both clinical trials and epidemiological studies has revealed the relationship of dietary cholesterol,blood cholesterol level and cholesterol lowering drugs (statins) with colorectal cancer.This review summarises the advances in current evidences of linking cholesterol metabolism and risk of colorectal cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms based on pharmacogenetics and molecular pathology.

Objective To study the clinical result of the surgical treatment of upper cervical vertebra disease from high anterior cervical retropharyngeal approach.Methods Among 14 patients,there were 7 C_(2.3)disc hernia- rions combined with C_(2.3)dislocations,3 Hangman fractures,2 odontoid process fractures and 2 C_3 tumors.All patients underwent the high anterior cervical retropharyngeal approach.10 cases were given discectomy of C_(2.3)or focus clear- ance of C_3,iliac bone autograft or titanium cage filled and internal fixation with titanium plate.2 cases of odontoid process fractures were given anterior screw fixation.Results 14 cases got successful exposure.The decompression, reduction,lesion clearance and fusion with internal fixation were done in all patients.There were no important vascu- lar or nerve injuries.The surgical treatment could improve the spinal cord nerve function to a certain degree for the cases with compression of spinal cord.Conclusion Good exposure of upper cervical spine and effective surgical oper- ation could be achieved from high anterior cervical retropharyngeal approach,with minimal trauma and complication, and it was a favorable approach.

Objective To assss the clinical significance of Cystatin C(Cys C)as a marker of renal function in kidney transplant patients especially when infection or acute rejection occured.Methods Among 65 renal transplant recipients the concentrations of serum Cys C and serum creatinine(Scr)were determined before and one month after the transplantation,and also in the day and next day of occurrence of infection or rejection.Meanwhile,30 healthy persons and 30 infected patients without kidney transplantations were served as control.Results The concentrations of Cys C were nearly equal between healthy persons and the infected patients without kidney transplantations(P = 0.32).The level of serum Cys C and Scr dropped quickly in the first 3 days after transplantation(decreased by 69.2%,74.7%,75.8% for Cys C and 38.4%,74.5%,81.4% for Scr)(P

Objective To analyze the epidemiographic features of malignant tumors of urinary system in renal allograft recipients in our center.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 3150 patients who received renal transplantation between June 1978 and Autumn 2006.Twelve cases of urinary tumors were selected for study.Results Among 3150 recipients,33(1.05%)were diag- nosed as malignancies including 12(0.38%)cases in urinary system.The mean age of these patients when diagnosed as urinary tumors was 58.3?4.6(range 48-66).The mean duration of immunosup- pressive treatment was 62?18(range 26-120)months.Six cases received cyclosporine A+azalthio- prine+prednisone(CsA+Aza+Pred),5 cases cyclosporine A+mycophenolate mofetil+prednisone (CsA+MMF+Pred),and one case tacrolimus+mycophenolate mofetil+prednisone(FK506+MMF +Pred).Surgical treatment was carried out in 11 patients.Ten of them were still alive.One case died of cerebral hemorrhage.Conclusions Malignant tumors of urinary system,especially TCC is an im- portant complication in renal transplantation in our center.The occurrence of malignant tumors is inti- mately related to immunosuppressive treatment.The immunological status of patients after renal transplantation should be evaluated in follow-up studies.The treatment consists of complete resection of the mass,decreases of immunosuppressants,chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on rat graft arteriosclero- sis and the mechanism.Methods The rat abdominal aortic allograft model was used.All rats were divided into three groups:isograft control group (Wistar to Wistar),allograft group (Wistar to SD) and allograft paclitaxel-treated group (Wistar to SD).Rats in allograft paclitaxel-treated group re- ceived paclitaxel (2 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)) from the operation day to post-operative day 14 and others received same dosage of vehicle (0.9% normal saline).Animals were sacrificed and the grafts were harvested at 30th day after operation.Intimal proliferation was studied by light microscopy.The apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was detected by transmission electronic microscopy and termi- nal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method.Results Morphological analysis showed that grafts had no change after operation in isograft control group,but in allograft group intimal proliferation,inflammatory cells infiltration in neointima and adventitia and stenosis of allografts were obvious.After treatment with paclitaxel,there was a significant decrease in intimal proliferation,inflammatory cells infiltration and stenosis.Apoptosis index of VSMCs was higher in the allograft paclitaxel-treated group than other groups.Conclusion Paclitaxel can inhibit intimal pro- liferation in aortic allografts and prevent the graft from arteriosclerosis possibly by inducing the apoptosis of VSMCs.

Ergonomics ; Humans ; Lifting ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Occupational Health ; United States