Vascular eognitive impairment (VCI) is a large class of syndromes from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, which are caused by the cerebrovascular risk factors (eg, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipemia), obvious (eg, cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage) or unobvious cerebrovascular diseases (leukoaraiosis and chronic cerebral ischemia). Accurate early diagnosis provides the best treatment opportunity and slows down the progress of the disease. In recent years, the research on VCI has made a great progress. This article reviews VCI from the aspects of the etiology, clinical manifestation, neuropsychology, imaging, neuroelectrophysiology, biomarkers, and diagnostic criteria.

The technology,of extracting Semen Cassiae from Jueming Jiangzhi Powder was investigated.The perceutages of extra ction and preservation of anthraquinone were used to select the methods of extra ction, concentration and drying of Semen Cassiae. The optimal procedure was set as follows:the large-size powder of Semen Cassiae was extracted with 50% alcohol for three times, then the extracted liquid was concentrated by vacuum evaporati on and finally dried by spraying.

Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Nephrosis, Lipoid ; complications

Objective To study Evaluation of serum soluble ST2 protein and brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)in patients with acute heart failure and prognosis of patients with acute heart failure.Methods Fifty cases patients with acute heart failure from April 2014 to April 2015 in the First Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Beijing were researched.Detection of all patients with serum ST2,NT-proBNP,50 patients with acute heart failure were divided into heart failure group,50 healthy persons were selected as the control group.The control group and the observation group general heart failure data,the observation group and the control group of cardiac biomarker blood level,cardiac function level NT-proBNP blood concentration level,classification of cardiac function between ST2 blood concentration level were compared.Results Cr,BUN of heart failure group were higher than the control group,there was no significant difference between other indicators(P＞0.05).ST2((0.46±0.07)ng/L)in heart failure group was lower than the control group((0.66±0.20)ng/L),NT-proBNP((4160.20±57.49)ng/L)was higher than the control group((58.97±4.39)ng/L),heart function IV NT-proBNP blood concentration of the highest(9 428.29±75.93)ng/L,followed by grade III(1 921.01±30.27)ng/L,the second lowest(321.02±16.80)ng/L,(P＜0.01).Heart function IV level ST2 blood concentration was the highest(1.95±0.69)ng/L,followed by grade III(1.27±0.61)ng/L,class II minimum(0.78±0.24)ng/L(P＜0.01).Conclusion The serum ST2 and NT-proBNP are used to detect the patients with acute heart failure,can provide accurate diagnosis basis,has a very important value judgment on the classification and prognosis.

Accidents, Occupational ; Adult ; Emergency Nursing ; Emergency Treatment ; Humans ; Male ; Poisoning ; nursing ; therapy ; Trimethyltin Compounds ; poisoning ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the correlative factors of asthma after bronchiolitis.Methods Clinical data from 115 hospitalized patients with bronchiolitis were collected from Jan.2002 to May 2003,including age,gender,incidence season,family asthma history,birth weight,eczema,severity of bronchiolitis,pathogen,total and specific immunoglobulin E(IgE),overweight,smoking during pregnancy and feeding patterns;and the data of respiratory tract infection and wheezing onset in those cases were collected by clinic sevice and telephone follow-up in post-discharge for 5 years;the pollution status in living environment(coal dust and mine especially) and animal contact history(especially cats and dogs) were recorded.And the independent effect of risk factors was obtained,Logistic regression models were created for each outcome variable.Results Thirty-nine(33.9%) cases of 115 children with brochiolitis developed into asthma.There were significant differences between asthma and non-asthma group in family asthma history,recurrent lower respiratory tract infection(LRTI) under 1 year old,onset age,severity extent and obesity(P =0,0,0.004,0.004,0.020,respectively).The factors that contribute to the risk of asthma onset were incidence season,severe bronchiolitis,parental asthma,eczema and recurrent LRTI(OR=0.49,3.82,6.12,3.76 and 3.14,respectively P=0.000 7,0.026 0,0,0.030 9,0.000 5).But,the factors of gender,birth weight,congenital heartdisease,pollution status in living envi-ronment,animal contact history,feeding patterns,smoking during pregnancy,age when occured bronchioliyis,blood IgE and overweight had not correlated with asthma after bronchiolitis.Conclusions Severe bronchiolitis,parental asthma,eczema and recurrent LRTI under 1 year old correlate with development of asthma after bronchiolitis,however,falling ill in winter may be a protective factor in the progression of airway inflammation.

Objective To explore the factors affecting severity of infants with bronchiolitis in hospital.Methods Data were collected from hospitalized case of bronchiolitis including age,gender,birth weight,incidence season,overweight,severity of bronchiolitis,clinical manifestation,pathogen,total and specific immunoglobulin-E (IgE),X-ray appearance,family asthma history,eczema,feeding patterns,congenital heart disease,countryside dwelling and length of stay.All cases were divided according severity extent into 2 groups.Then one-factor analytical method was used between 2 groups,and risk factors for these outcomes were identified by Logistic regression analysis.Results 1.Nearly 56%(506 of 904) of children were considered as obesity.2.The positive rate of the virus infection identified from 904 infants with bronc-hiolitis was 78.3%.Of them,the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection accounted for 43.5%,cytomegalovirus (CMV) for 47.6%,coxsackie b virus (CBV) for 7.9%,Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) for 1.8%,adenovirus (ADV) for 1.7% and epstein-barr virus (EBV) for 0.15%,respectively.3.There were notable differences between mild group and severe group in age,pathogen,birth weight,countryside dwel-ling,congenital heart disease and hospital day(?2=3.47,19.62,2.32,2.61,-4.71,69.23 P=0.001,0.006,0.02,0,0,0).There was a significant association between severe bronchiolitis and young age,low birth weight,congenital heart disease,countryside dwelling and hospital days (OR=0.840,0.542,15.412,5.305 and 1.173,respectively P=0.013 3,0.049 7,0.000 3,0,0.000 2).Conclusions 1.Obesity may have great risk for bronchiolitis.2.Except for RSV,CMV,CBV,ADV,MP and EBV all were pathogens associated with childhood bronc-hiolitis.3.The factors that contribute to increase risk of severe bronchiolitis are young age,low birth weight,congenital heart disease and countryside dwelling.And length of stay may estimate severity of infants with bronchiolitis in hospital.

Accommodation is a phenomenon that crystalline lens change its refractive power when human eyes see the near objects clearly.The article of A brief talk on ‘ A novel concept of accommodation:Human eyes optical system based on hyperfocal distance-micro zoom'.written by Luo Fu-ming introduces a concept of hyperfocal distance from the camera.Based on the characteristic of hyperfocal distance,the author proposes that there are actually three kinds of hyperfocal distances in human eyes:far-hyperfocal distance,near-hyperfocal distance and accommodative hyperfocal distance.It is important to understand this article that whether the ciliary muscles contract to push the zonules in accommodation,and then the zonules are forced to push the lens equator,or the ciliary muscles contract to relax the tensional zonules,then the posterior surface of the lens moves forward.In view of the anatomic structure,the possibility that the ciliary muscles contract to push the zonule and then the slim zonules push the lens equator is less than that the ciliary muscles contract to relax the tensional zonules and then the posterior surface of the lens moves forward in accommodation.In my opinion,the contraction of the ciliary muscles would startup actively in accommodation.So when the eyes transfer from near vision to distance vision,the ciliary muscles (contracting circular muscles) will return to the relaxed normal state immediately.The crystalline lens will immediately recover to its original relatively flatten state by traction of the zonules,rather than passive compression.Because the crystalline lens is not the startup body but a supporting body in accommodation.The accommodation of human eye is very complicated.During the whole process of accommodation,there are not only contraction of ciliary muscles and increase of refractive power in crystalline lens,but also accompanied reaction of miosis and convergence.So it is difficult to explain the complex activity of human eyes using any extreme,mechanical and single mode.

Objective To study the mechanism of reinforcing kidney and activating blood therapy for the apoptosis of endometriosis.Methods Female SD rats aged 8~12weeks were grouped as model group,western medicine group,Chinese medicine group and integrated Chinese and western medicine group,with 15 in each group.The light microscope,electron microscope,TUNEL method,and immunohistochemical method were adopted to observe the pathomorphology,positive rate of apoptotic cells and the positive expression of apoptosis-regulating gene bcl-2 and bax.Results The apoptosis of endometriosis tissues in the integrated Chinese and western medicine group was the most obvious result with the highest apoptosis index,and the positive expression of apoptosis regulating gene bcl-2 was downward regulated and that of apoptosis regulating gene bax upward regulated,so bcl-2/bax decreased.Then it was Chinese medicine group,western medicine group,and model group.Conclusion The occurrence of endometriosis is related with the lowering of ability of apoptotic cells.Chinese medicines with the functions to reinforce kidney and activate blood can promote the ability of apoptotic cells in endometriosis to quicken the atrophy and regression of endometriosis tissues.

Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Osteitis ; pathology ; Rhinitis ; pathology ; Sinusitis ; pathology