Neutrophil genatinase-association lipocalin(NGAL)is a kind of lipocalin of binding proteins that seems to be a popular topic studied much recently,which at first was considered as endogenous bacteriostatic agent.It is bound up with the occurrence,development and prognosis of many kidney diseases.Therefore,it can provide new idea and method on clinical diagnosis and treatment by further study on expression and significance of NGAL in kidney diseases.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for improving the governmental drug pricing,especially for brand-name drugs.METHODS:With the statistical data listed in the governmental drug price catalogs,the price difference rates between brand-name and generic injection were computed.RESULTS:Only 26%of the drugs were in line with the requirement on price difference rate(35%for injections)specified in governmental drug price principle,and the highest price gap between brand-name drug and generic drug was as high as over 500%.CONCLUSIONS:It is advisable for government to adopt mild method of gradual reduction of drug prices,control the preferential degree for the price of the brand- name drugs,establish a dynamic price control system,and promote the balance on the benefits of both brand-name drug manufactures and the generic drug manufacturers.

Myocardial preservation plays a critical role in heart transplantation.Recently,heart transplantation has been practiced wildly all over the world.The aim of this review is to summarize the progress in the researches on the clinical appication and experiments of myocardial preservation sotution.

Objective To evaluate the academic level and the popularity of Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics from the point view of citation. Methods According to the information of Chinese Medical Citation Index (CMCI), the amount and distribution of the original articles in Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics cited by the journals included by CMCI were statistically analyzed. The data analysis included the percentage of cited articles, the number of citation of a single article, authors of most cited articles, geological regions of cited articles, citing journals, the self citing rate and years of citation. Results The percentage of cited papers (663 articles, 3728 times) in all published 1 182 articles in Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics from 2005 to 2009 was an average of 56.09%. The average time of original articles cited by other researchers was 5.62. The highest one was citated by 104 times. 210 articles (31.68% of total papers) were cited 5 or more times, and the all cited times from them were 2835 (76.04% of total cited times). 663 cited articles were written by 485 authors from different countries. The most frequently cited author wrote 12 papers. The number of authors with one paper cited was 386 (79.58% of total authors). The cited authors are from the mainland, HongKong, and Taiwan in China, as well as USA, Canada, France. Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin are leading cities in orthopaedic research. Beijing was the first place (32.16% of total authors). There were 445 citing journals. There was 217 items self cited; the self- citing rate is 0.058. Conclusion Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics has provided high quality articles and has a strong influence in the field of medical research. It has been become an important resource for orthopaedic researchers and a vital medical journal in China.

Carcinosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective: To study the in vitro effects of propofol on apoptosis and Bax expression induced by TNF-α in mouse spinal cord neurons. Methods: Spinal cord neurons were isolated from fetal mice and cultured in neurobasal medium with B27 supplement. On the 7th day of culture, neurons were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group, propofol (50 μmol/L) group, TNF-α group, propofol(25 μmol/L) with TNF-α group, propofol(50 μmol/L) with TNF-α group and propofol(100 μmol/L) with TNF-α group. Propofol with different concentrations was incubated with cultured cells for 30 min, then TNF-α was added with the final concentration of 2 000 U/ml for another 24 h incubation. Apoptosis was detected by PI/Hoechst33342 double staining technique and fluorescence microscopy. Bax expression was determined by immunocytochemical technique. Results: The apoptosis rate and expression of Bax in TNF-α group were both increased compared with those in control group ([21.8±1.1]% vs [2.8±0.8]%,P<0.01; [0.251±0.016] vs [0.141±0.015],P<0.01). The apoptosis rates and expression of Bax in 3 propofol groups(25, 50, 100 μmol/L) were ([16.2±1.2]%, [15.3±0.6]% and [12.2±0.8]%) and ([0.198±0.011],[0.188±0.012] and [0.167±0.014]), respectively, and they were all significantly decreased compared with those in TNF-α group ([21.8±1.1]% and [0.251±0.0163], all P<0.05). Moreover, a dose-dependent manner was observed in the above changes. Conclusion: Propofol within clinical concentration ranges may inhibit the apoptosis of spinal cord neurons induced by TNF-α through modulating the expression of Bax.

Humans ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta/diagnosis*

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cause of Death ; Dermatitis, Occupational ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Trichloroethylene ; toxicity ; Young Adult

Acupuncture ; Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Brain ; physiopathology ; Electroacupuncture ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pain ; physiopathology ; Pain Management

Cerebral arteriovenous malformation is a common cerebrovascular disease.Its exact pathogenesis remains unclear.At present,it is thought that this disease is caused by kinds of factors,including congenital and acquired factors.