Recently many studies have focused on the roles that tumor microenvironment plays in the occurrence and development of tumors,and the therapeutic effects of adjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Recent researches show that tumor microenvironment has an obvious impact on the therapeutic effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy,which mainly includes cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF),stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and collagens.

Breast cancer is a kind of hormone-dependent tumor,the high level of estrogens is an impor-tant risk factor of breast cancer.There is evidence that estrogens through estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways and estrogen metabolic products participate in the development and progression of breast cancer.Recentally,studies demonstrated that SDF-1 and its receptor CXCR4 are involved in breast cancer.Estro-gens play an important role in the growth,proliferation and metastasis of breast eaneers through SDF-1/CX-CR4 signaling pathways.These findings may'provide a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer.

Physical activity is closely related to the quality of life of postoperative patients with breast cancer, which is expressed in fre-quency, duration, intensity, and others factors. There is no uniform measurement of physical activity, the common measurements may be classified as subjective and objective, such as exercise log, physical activity questionnaire and self-reported physical activities of the former;doubly labeled water, indirect calorimetry, motion sensors and heart rate monitors of the latter. The age, educational level, social and eco-nomic status, and body mass index are related to the level of physical activity in patients post operation for breast cancer, while illness and treatment, psychological and social support, and health-related quality of life also affect the level of physical activity, which suggest that such patients need to improve their physical activity before operation.

The MLN64 gene,which is localized in q12-q21 of the human chromosome 17,encodes a novel transmembrane protein containing 445 amino acids .The C-terminus of MLN64 shares significant homology with the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR)protein,while its N-terminal domain exhibits a function of targe-ting the protein to late endosomes .MLN64 is likely to be involved in cholesterol transport and synthesis of steroid hormones.MLN64 gene,coamplified with C -erbB-2,is overexpressed in certain breast carcinomas and exerts an influence on biological characteristics of breast cancer cells .The high levels of MLN 64 observed in some breast carcinomas could contribute to the growth and progression of these tumors through increased intratumoral steroido -genesis,and is considered as a predictive factor of breast cancer prognosis .

Sentinel lymph node biopsy has been an important part of breast cancer surgery,which includes reactive dye method,radionuclide method and the combination of both. However,the radionucli-ded tracer is not approved domestically,which limits its clinical application. Near-infrared fluorescent method depends on near-infrared light. It activates indocyanine green to produce fluorescence and then flu-orescent image device can be used to observe the lymphatic system,which is a real time and dynamic de-tection for lymphangion and lymph node. Furthermore,the definite incision site can be located,which less-ens the damage of tissues. The fluorescent method can avoid some disadvantages of the above methods. However,the shadowless lamp should be turned off during the operation,which prolongs the operation time. Due to the quenching effect,the brightness of fluorescence will attenuate and the detected depth will be limited. Combination of near-infrared fluorescence method and reactive dye method may improve the detection,but further large-scale clinical trials are required for confirmation.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of local prophylactic application of methotrexate(MTX) in laparoscopic linear salpingostomy. Methods The data of 102 women with confirmed unruptured tubal pregnancy and desire to conceive were collected.They were divided into two groups: the study group(local application of MTX in the operation,n=51) and the control group(without application of MTX,n=51).The demographic data,the incidence of persistent ectopic pregnancy(PEP)postoperation,and the hysterosalpingography(HSG) 3 months(postoperation) were analysed,and the side effects of the study group were observed. Results There was 1 case of PEP in the study group and 9 cases in the control group(2.0% vs 17.6%,P0.05).There were no obvious side effects such as nausea,vomit and dental ulcer in the study group. Conclusion Patients who were treated with local MTX injection during the laparoscopic linear salpingostomy present less incidence of PEP with no obvious side effects.

Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous fragile histidine triad(FHIT) gene on apoptosis of human glioma cell line U87. Methods By the method of liposome transfection,plasmids pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)B-FHIT and pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)B were transfected into glioma cell line U87.U87 cells were divided into three groups: U87-FHIT group,U87 cells transfected by plasmids pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)B-FHIT;U87-vector group,U87 cells transfected by plasmids pcDNA3.1/myc-His(-)B;and blank control group,U87 cells without transfection.The expression of exogenous FHIT protein was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining.The effects of FHIT on the growth characteristics of U87 were observed by MTT and flow cytometry. Results Growth inhibitory rate and apoptosis rate of the cells in U87-FHIT group were significantly higher than those in U87-vector group and blank control group(P

Fragile histidine triad(FHIT) gene is a tumor suppressor gene that locates on chromosome 3p14.2.FHIT can induce cell apoptosis and inhibit cell growth by activating caspase,inhibiting PI3K-Akt-survivin signal pathway and phosphorylation of I?B-?,and binding with microtube.The inactivation of FHIT is closely related with carcinogenesis.The advances in research on the structure,biological function,relationship between inactivation and carcinogenesis,and gene therapy of FHIT are reviewed in this paper.

Objective To investigate the role of resting pulm on ary function (FEV 1,FVC,VC) and diffusing capacity (D LCO) on exercise limitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods During the period of 2002-04~12 the results of resting pulmonary function test which were and diffusing capacity test performed on 26 subjects with stable COPD were reviewed.The symptom-limited maximum exercise (S LME) were performed.Dyspnea index (DI) and oxygen consumption (V? O 2/kg) were determined with a metabolic cart during exercise.Borg Scale s (BS) was used for counting degree of exertional dyspnea which appeared during exercise.At the end of SLME,arterial blood gas analysis was performed to determi ne PaO 2max,PaCO 2max and Phmax at that time.Results In stepwise multiple regression analysis,the variables significantly contributing to V?O 2max/kg were D LCO % and FEV 1/VC.Conclusion Lung function and diffusing capacity can be importan t determinants of exercise capacity in COPD.