Mammals have three genes with homology to the hh gene.These comprise Sonic hedgehog(Shh),Indian hedgehog(Ihh),and Desert hedgehog(Dhh).Shh has been shown to play a crucial role in embryogenesis and the development of ectoderm.Shh has the great relationship with the forming all the system.Shh-Patched-Smoothened signal pathway will lead the embryogenesis in the normal way.Otherwise,the abnormal embryogenesis,malformation,and tumor will be happened.

Pseudomonas aeroginosa exotoxin A(PEA) was purified from the strain PA103 and labelled with Ⅰ~(125).Then autoradiographic tracing,histopathological observations with light and electron microscopes,and antiserum protestion test were carried out on inbred mice BALB/C.The results indicate that the liver is the target organ of PEA,and both the hepatocytes and kupffer cells the target cells,on which the severe damage may be responsible for the acute death of the toxicated animals.

After a single oral dosed mg/kg) of nitroquine to the mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii,the morphological changes of the parasites were studied with optical and electron microscopy.Enlarged nucleus and some red granules scattered over the cytoplasm in the late trophozoites were observed under optical microscope,which may correspond to the autophagocytic vacuo-les or membranous residual bodies seen under electron microscope.Thirty minutes after the drug administration,the number of mitochondria with matrix cavitation was increased,the endoplasmic reticulum dilated,and ribosomes separated,detached,or disaggregated.Then the pelliculous complex and nuclear membrane of the parasites proliferated to form multi-layered structure with spiral curv?s or myelin sheath-like structure in the cytoplasm.The nuclear membrane was swollen and proliferated and the perinuclear cisterna was widened.In the late stage of drug action,the structure of the parasites was broken down to form a large number of autophagocytes.The findings indicate that nitroquine interferes with the structure and function of the cell membrane,cytoplasm and nucleus of malaria parasites and exerts its anti-malarial effects from many aspects.

AIM: To investigate the gene expression of proteins handling the calcium homeostasis in diabetic rat heart. METHODS: Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (180-220)g by administering a single tail-vein injection (40mg/kg ) of alloxan, and the control group was injected with normal saline. At the end of four, six weeks after the induction of diabetes, the animals were killed for assessment of the ventricular gene expression of proteins handling the calcium homeostasis which was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and nomalized to the mRNAs level of actin. RESULTS: At the end of 4 and 6 weeks, the weight of body and the heart in the diabetic group is lower than that in control rats, heart to body weight of diabetic rats is higher than control. No changes in mRNAs level of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase, phospholamban, ryanodine receptor type 2, 1,4,5-trisphosphate inositol receptor type 2 were observed 4 weeks after alloxan injection. Expression of phospholamban mRNAs was significantly increased, but ryanodine receptor type 2, 1,4,5-trisphosphate inositol receptor type 2 mRNAs were significantly decreased than that in the age-matched controls. In contrast, expression of mRNAs coding sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase was not affected 6 weeks after alloxan injection. CONCLUSION: Gene expression of phospholamban is increased while ryanodine receptor type 2, 1,4,5-trisphosphate inositol receptor type 2 are decreased in the diabetic rat heart. [

Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive drug largely used in organ transplantation.It is characterized by a narrow therapeutic index and wide interindividual variability in its pharmacokinetics. Cyclosporine is metabolized primarily by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in the liver and small intestine and also substrate for P-gp, encoded by MDR1. The interindividual heterogeneity in enzymatic activity of small intestine and liver CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, and intestine P-gp have contributed to oral cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in kidney, heart,liver and lung transplant patients. The differences in enzymatic activity of CYP3A and P-gp are believed to be due to CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and MDR1 genetic mutation. Therefore, a investigation which the effect of sequence variants in gene encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporter to cyclosporine disposition may lead to individualized drug dosing and improved therapeutics.

Objective:To examine the effect of acid etching time on the bonding interface of non-carious cervical sclerotic dentin. Methods: Twenty extracted premolars with non-carious cervical lesions were randomly divided into two groups, the lesion surface was conditioned with Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus dentin bonding system. The etching time was 15 s and 30 s respectively. The bonding interface ultra-structures were compared with SEM. Results:In sclerotic dentin (15 s) , the hybrid layer was visible, with minimal resin tags in the dentinal tubules and, when presented, they were shorter. Doubling the etching time (30s) resulted in more resin tags with an hybrid layer formation on peritubular dentin. Conclusion: Doubling the etching time improved the ultrastructure of sclerotic dentin-resin bonding interface, and could be an efficient way to improve the bonding effect.

Objective: To discuss the risk factors, subtypes and prognosis of cerebral infarction in hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients. Methods: A total of 976 patients with cerebral infarction were divided into hypertension (n=516) and non-hypertension (n=460) according to their history of hypertension. Single and multiple factor analysis in the risk factors, subtypes of cerebral infarct, and prognosis were performed. Results: The incidence of previous cerebral infarction, lacunar infarction, and posterior circulation infarction in the hypertension group was significantly higher than those in the non-hypertension group. Advanced age, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus in the non-hypertension group were significantly more frequent than those in the hypertension group, and there were significant difference. Conclusions: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and advanced age are the main risk factors of cerebral infarction. Hypertension is the major causes of lacunar infarction and posterior circulation infarction.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of LiQiDingChuan pill combined with Dexamethasone on the treatment of patients with acute asthma.Methods 93 patients with acute asthma from July 2015 to September 2016 were randomly divided into the observation group(47 cases)and the control group(46 cases).The control group were received dexamethasone, and the observation group were given LiQiDingChuan pill combined with Dexamethasone.The main symptoms disappeared time, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, peak expiratory flow rate value, hs-CRP, TNF-α and clinical efficacy were recorded and analyzed.Results ①After treatment, wheezing cough, chest tightness and wheezing disappeared time were(4.71±0.59)d,(2.85±0.49)d,(4.93±0.70)d in the observation group, which were shorter than(7.76±1.02)d,(5.16±0.74)d,(8.67±1.12)d in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).② After treatment, FEV1 and PEF levels were(65.69±3.74)V/L,(218.92±16.09)L/s, which were better than(57.45±3.62)V/L,(176.34±15.14)L/s in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).③ After treatment, hs-CRP and TNF-α levels were(6.76±0.78)mg/L,(7.99±1.87)pg/mL, which were better than(6.76±0.78)mg/L,(7.99±1.87)pg/Ml in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).④The total effective rate in the observation group was 91.49%, which was significantly higher than 71.74% in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Liqidingchuan pills combined with dexamethasone treatment has a good therapeutic effect on acute phase of asthma, which can reduce asthma related symptoms, reduce the inflammation level in the patients, optimize the forced expiratory volume in 1 second and peak expiratory flow rate.The combination is better than the single drug.

Gene mutation is the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of primary liver cancer, and precise treatment based on gene mutation is an important direction for the treatment of liver cancer in future.This article introduces the current status, complexity, and prospects and future directions of precise treatment for liver cancer from the aspects of complex gene mutations in liver cancer, level of mutation detection, and limitations of clinical trials.It is pointed out that there are many challenges in precise treatment for liver cancer, but precise treatment still has a promising future.

Objective To investigate the status of post traumatic growth and role reinforcement in elder patients with cerebral infarction accepting the treatment of rehabilitation, and to explore the effect of role reinforcement on post traumatic growth. Methods Totally 303 patients with cerebral infarction accepting the treatment of rehabilitation were investigated by the Post Traumatic Growth Rating Scale and the Role Reinforcement Scale. Results The post traumatic growth and role reinforcement scores of the patients were (61.50 ± 7.19), (63.51 ± 9.28) points. The scores of each dimension of post traumatic growth were significantly positively correlated with the role reinforcement (r =-0.794--0.123, P < 0.05 or 0.01). Stepwise regression analysis showed that the influence factors on the post traumatic growth of the patients were the cultural level, age and each dimension of role reinforcement (P < 0.05). Conclusions For the patients with cerebral infarction accepting the treatment of rehabilitation, the level of post traumatic growth is in a moderate level, and the role reinforcement is in a strong level, and role reinforcement is the influencing factor of post traumatic growth.