Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane on the systemic inflammatory response and cardiopulmonary function in septic shock rats. Methods Thirty-two SD rats, 8-10 months old, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each): sham operation group (group S), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced septic shock group (group CLP) , sevoflurane I group (group SEV, ) and sevoflurane II group (group SEV,). The abdomen was opened but CLP was not performed in group S. The septic shock was induced by CLP as described by Baker et al. Group SEV, and SEV, inhaled 2.4% sevoflurane for 30 min at 1 h and 3 h after the successful establishment of the model respectively. At 1, 3 and 5 h after septic shock, MAP and HR were recorded and arterial blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis and determination of plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1, MDA and NO. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) and cardiac output (CO) were also detected 5 h after septic shock. The animals were killed after the detection of cardiac function. The lungs were removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio and Evans blue (EB) content. The tissues from the heart, lung, liver and kidney were taken for detection of NF-kB activity by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) ResultsMAP was significantly lower, HR higher, LVEDD, LVESD, LVFS, CO, pH value, PaO2 and PaCO2 lower, and W/D lung weight ratio, EB content, plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1, MDA and NO, and NF-kB activity in the heart, lung, liver and kidney tissues higher in group CLP, SEV, and SEV2 than in group S (P < 0.05). NF-kB activity in the heart, lung, liver and kidney tissues and plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1, MDA and NO were significantly lower in group SEV, than in group CLP and SEV2 ( P < 0.05 ), but no significant differences were found in the other indices between group SEV, and CLP and between group SEV1 and SEV2 ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Inhalation of 2.4% sevoflurane for 30 min 1 h after septic shock can inhibit the systemic inflammatory response slightly, but can not improve the cardiopulmonary function in rats with CLP-induced septic shock.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the development of pancreatic cancer and inflammation, and the therapy strategy.Methods Related articles were reviewed.Results The pathogenesis of inflammation in pancreatic cancer development involves cytokines, NF ?B, COX 2, PPAR ?, DNA damage, gene changes,etc. Based on these mechanisms some medications are under developing.Conclusion Accumulative effects of pancreatic inflammation may lead to DNA changes, and even pancreatic cancer development. Medications aimed at suppressing pancreatic inflammation may help with prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of large trauma craniotomy with bilateral frontal coronal incision in treating contusion and laceration of bilateral frontal lobes.MethodsThe clinical data of 68 patients with contusion and laceration of bilateral frontal lobes who were treated with bilateral decompressive craniectomy were analyzed retrospectively.There were 36 cases(observation group) treated with large trauma craniotomy with bilateral frontal coronal incision and 32 cases (control group) given bilateral decompressive craniectomy by stages.The prognosis of two groups were observed and compared.The prognosis was evaluated at 6 months after surgery by Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score.ResultsThere were 23 cases (63.89％,23/36) who got good recovery,8 cases(22.22％,8/36) with poor prognosis and 5 dead cases (13.89％,5/36) in observation group.There were 11 cases (34.38％,11/32) who got good recovery,9 cases (28.12％,9/32) with poor prognosis and 12 dead cases (37.50％,12/32) in control group.The rate of good recovery and mortality between two groups had significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsThe large trauma craniotomy with bilateral frontal coronal incision can significantly relieve or ease intracranial hypertension of patients with contusion and laceration of bilateral frontal lobes.And it can improve the prognosis and decrease the mortality.

The animals have made huge contribution for the medical research of human life, and researching on animal welfare is crucial for developing biomedicine and enhancing human health. However, during the research of medical experiment, abusing laboratory animals happens a lot, many of them have suffered great damage and pain, even lose lives. Consequently, the legal issues related to the protection of laboratory animals become the focus con-cerned by people. Through analyzing the legislation status and existing problems in our country, elaborating the rel-evant legal institutions in foreign countries, as well as using the successful legislative experiences from abroad, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the laboratory animal welfare act that accords with our national condition.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of Shengxuening tablets reducing the risk of microinflammation in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients with renal anemia. METHODS:60 MHD patients were randomly divided into observa-tion group and control group with 30 cases in each group. The total dialysis times of all the patients were 12 h every week at blood flow of 200-250 ml/min and dialysis flow of 500 ml/min. Both groups received routine treatment;observation group was additional-ly given Shengxuening tablets orally 1.0 g,tid;control group was given ferrous succinate 0.2 g,tid,orally;both groups were giv-en subcutaneous injection of erythropoietin (EPO),10 000 IU/time,once a week;treatment for all of the patients lasted for 3 months. The fasting venous blood sample were collected at the beginning of treatment and in the morning every one months. The levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),IL-6,hemoglobin(Hb),and hematocrit (Hct)were detected. RESULTS:After 3 months of treatment,total effective rate of 2 groups were 90.00%,the levels of hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6 in observation group were much lower than that before treatment and control group after treatment,with statistical sig-nificance(P<0.05 or P<0.01). No severe ADR was found in 2 groups,and the incidence of ADR in observation group(6.67%) was significantly lower than in control group (13.33%),with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Shengxuening tablets have good curative effect,and they can reduce the risk of microinflammation due to the long-term use of EPO and chalybeate.

Objective:To explore the effects of brain ischemia on the immune system and the expression of Acetyl-cholinesterase(AChE) and Caspase-3 after neuro-immunological injury.Methods:The serum IL-4,IL-10,TNF-?,IL-2 and IL-12 concentrations and AChE level in brain,thymus and spleen of the rat brain ischemia at different time spots were detected by ELISA.The active fragments of Caspase-3 P17 and P32 in brain,thymus and spleen were tested by Western blot.The expression of AChE in nerve cells was examined immunohistochemistry.The relationship between amount of AChE and concentrations of the cytokines or NK activity as well as cell apoptosis was analyzed.Results:The concentration of AChE in brain increased gradually after ischemia,the level reached peak after 12 hours,and then decreased afterward.The AChE level in thymus and spleen increased after 1 h in accordance with the ischemic brain.The NK activity,serum TNF-?,IL-2 and IL-12 levels also increased at 0.5 h,1 h and 2 h after ischemia,but the trend reversed after 3 hours.Serum IL-4 and IL-10 levels did not change significantly at 0.5 h,1 h and 2 h after ischemia,but serum IL-10 raised after 3 hours to 48 hours.Serum IL-4 level slightly increased only appearing at ischemia 12 h point.The ratio of P17/(P17+P32) became higher with ischemic time.Conclusion:Sustained rising of AChE level due to brain ischemia induces the apoptosis of cells in the brain,thymus and spleen via activation caspase-3,leading to Th1/Th2 imbalance and immune dysfunctions.

This paper insists that the existing students appraising in teacher evaluation mechanism fails to be emphasized and the ignorance of teaching or research function will violate the essence of colleges and universities.The authors also propose that two different evaluation systems with different focuses respectively should be set up,by references and reflections from that of the United States'.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate three therapeutic schemes for sudden deafness with cost-effectiveness analysis for guiding rational use of drugs. METHODS:Using pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate 61 patients with 62ears of sudden deafness treated by Salvia Miltiorrhiza(groups A), Salvia Miltiorrhiza and cerebroprotein hydrolysate(groups B) or cerebroprotein hydrolysate(groups C) . RESULTS: The effective rates of three groups were 73.9%, 75.0% and 80.0% respectively without significant difference among them(P ＞ 0.05) . The average drug costs for one patient in three groups were 617.89 yuan, 2 651.29 yuan and 2 647.99 yuan respectively. The costs for 1% increase of effective rate in three groups were 8.36 yuan, 35.35 yuan and 33.10 yuan respectively. CONCLUSION: Salvia Miltiorrhiza scheme is the most rational one for sudden deafness.

Objective Abdominal pain, shoulder pain, and incision pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy ( LC) are com-mon complaints of the patients.This study was to observe the effects of pulmonary recruitment ( PR) in reducing post-LC abdominal pain, shoulder pain, and incision pain. Methods A total of 138 patients treated by LC were randomly assigned to a PR ( n=67) and a control group (n=71).The former underwent postoperatively five 5-second-long manual inflations of the lungs by positive pres-sure ventilation with 40 cmH2 O to discharge CO2 from the abdominal cavity, while the latter received traditional passive deflation of CO2 .At 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery, we recorded the incidences of abdominal pain, shoulder pain, and incision pain and as-sessed the pain intensity using the visual analogue scale ( VAS) . Results Compared with the control group at 12 and 24 h after sur-gery, the PR group showed significant decreases in the incidence rate of upper abdominal pain (90.14%vs 74.63%and 91.55%vs 73.13%, both P<0.05), with VAS scores of 4.32 ±2.73 vs 2.72 ±1.67 and 4.04 ±2.55 vs 2.67 ±1.49 (both P<0.05), as well as in that of shoulder pain (56.34% vs 47.76% and 74.65% vs 56.72%, both P<0.05), with VAS scores of 3.68 ±3.10 vs2.61 ±1.97 and 4.15 ±3.23 vs 2.78 ±1.88, both P <0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the incidence or severity of incision pain between two groups at any time points after surgery (P>0.05). Conclusion Pulmonary recruitment can re-duce the incidence rates and severity of upper abdominal pain and shoulder pain, but has no effect in alleviating incision pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of sodium hyaluronic acid on prevention of post-surgical pelvic and abdominal adhesion in gynecology.Methods 336 patients with pelvic and abdominal operation,using the double blind method for the patients and doctors,were randomly divided into the observation group (172 cases)and control group(164 cases).The experimental group was given hyaluronic acid in corresponding regions of the peritoneum,and the control group was not given any tissue adhesion prevention measures.Postoperative adhesions incidence and the change of serum CRP level of two groups were recorded.Results There was significant difference between the two groups in postoperative adhesions incidence (47.5％ vs 19.8％,x2 =13.10,P ＜ 0.01).The CRP level of the observation group changed significantly as compared with the control group after operation [(24.5 ±3.4)mg/L vs(12.7 ±3.9)mg/L(t =20.86,P＜0.01)].Conclusion Hyaluronic acid in prevention of postoperative adhesion of pelvic and abdominal operation is effective on improving the serum level of inflammatory factors.