Based on the ICF framework and functional vision theories, some elements of an evaluation system for visually impaired children were extracted, including body structure and function, activities and participation, and environmental factors.

Objective To evaluate the increased carotid artery pulsatility index(PI) and resistance index (RI) in young obese males by Doppler ultrasound.Methods All of the volunteers without local and systemic disease included 48 young obese males (observation group) and 100 healthy males with the same age(control group).Common carotid artery had to come into practice in all of the volunteer by pulsed Doppler ultrasound to calculate the PI and R[.Results The average of RI,PI,body mass index (BMI),systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,fasting plasma insulin,fasting C-peptide,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high sensitivity C reactive protein in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group [0.70 ± 0.10 vs.0.60 + 0.10,1.48±0.30 vs.1.00 ± 0.10,(36.6 ± 3.4) kg/m2 vs.(23.6 ± 1.6) kg/m2,(127.5 ± 14.3) mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) vs.(110.5 ± 11.0) mm Hg,(78.8 ±9.8) mm Hgvs.(69.9 ±7.6) mm Hg,(27.5 ± 19.6) mU/L vs.(8.8 +8.8) mU/L,(3.7 ± 1.6) pmol/L vs.(1.8 ± 1.2)pmol/L,(3.9 ± 2.0) mmol/L vs.(2.1 ± 1.3) mmol/L,(3.1 ± 0.7) mmol/L vs.(2.3 ± 0.7) mmol/L,(4.0 ± 4.4)mg/L vs.(1.3 ± 1.2) mg/L,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions The characteristic of vascular properties in young obese males with normal blood pressure and without other cardiac risk factor is the decrease of blood wall compliance and the increase of resistance.The change of artery in the incipient properties in young obese males is the vascular function.Further studies will be required to prove thai whether early intervention will improve vascular function such as diet and practice.

Objective:To clone and express active domain of human granzyme A ( aGzmA ) and detect its biological activity.Methods:Human aGzmA gene was amplified by PCR from the full-length human granzyme A and inserted into prokaryotic ex-pression vector pET24a(+).The constructed recombinant plasmid pET24a-aGzmA was transformed to E.coli BL21(DE3) and induced with IPTG.The expressed product was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.The recombinant protein was purified by the Ni2+affinity column chromatography and the enzyme activity was assayed with BLT substrate.Results: A DNA fragment of 700 bp was amplified by PCR.The recombinant plasmid pET24a-aGzmA identified by enzyme-digesting analysis and sequencing showed that aGzmA gene was inserted into vector plasmid correctly.SDS-PAGE analysis showed that there was a specific protein with a relative molecular mass of about 26 kD.Western blot analysis indicated that the protein could react with mouse anti-His monoclonal antibody specifically.The recombinant protein with high purity could be acquired from the inclusion bodies by the Ni2+ affinity column chromatography and the purified protein had good enzyme activity.Conclusion: The recombinant human granzyme A with good biological activity was prepared successfully.

The incidence of early neurological deterioration of acute ischemic stroke is higher and the clinical prognosis is poor.There are no effective prevention and treatment measures yet.The prognosis may be improved if early predicts by serum biomarkers and actively manages.This article reviews the serum biomarkers of early neurological deterioration in ischemic stroke.

Objective To explore the application value of nasobiliary duct instead of T-tube in primary suture after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). Methods A total of 58 cases of choledocholithiasis without acutecholangitis were divided into experimental and control group according to the odevity of the last number of admission number .Patients in odd number belonged to experimental group , while the even number patients belonged to control group .The experimental group received endoscopic nasobiliary drainage ( ENBD ) combined with LCBDE and primary suture;the control group underwent LCBDE combined with T-tube drainage .The intraoperative and postoperative data were compared between the two groups . Results All surgeries were completed successfully under laparoscope .The experimental group had much shorter hospital stay than that of the control group [(7.5 ±2.1) d vs.(10.3 ±3.2) d,t=-3.965,P=0.000].No significant differences were found in the operative time , incidence of bile leakage and postoperative incision pain between the two groups (P>0.05).All the cases were followed up for 6-12 months (average, 9 months) and no patients were hospitalized due to complications related to the billiary surgery .MRCP showed no complications such as biliary stricture and residual stones 6 months after operation . Conclusions Nasobiliary duct can substitute for T-tube in LCBDE .It ensures the safety of the primary suture and reduces T-tube related complications .

Objective: To compare the ocular parameters of acute angle closure glaucoma (AACG) and chronic angle closure glaucoma (CACG). Methods: Totally 106 patients with primary angle closure glaucoma were recruited: 58 patients with AACG and 48 with CACG. All patients were divided into 3 groups: AACG attack eyes group, AACG uninvolved fellow eyes group and CACG group and underwent the same ophthalmic examinations, comprising optometry, keratometry, and A-scan ultrasonography. The lens/axial length factor (LAF) and relative lens position (RLP) were calculated. Results: The AACG attack eyes had a significant shallow anterior chamber depth, thick lens, short axial length and larger LAF. hTere tended to be a reduction in the percentage of LAF>0.20 in AACG attack eyes, CACG eyes and AACG uninvolved fellow eyes, though there were no statistically signiifcant difference in all groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The eyes with AACG attack have a more crowded anterior chamber structure compared with uninvolved fellow eyes and eyes with CACG.

Objective　To investigate the direct antitumor effect of several surface molecules of Bifidobacterium bifidum 1101 such as whole peptidoglycan (WPG), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and polysaccharides (PS) on human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line LoVo. Methods　MTT assay and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to evaluate the effect of Bifidobacterial surface molecules on the growth of LoVo cells. Morphological study, fluorescent polarimetry and differentiation-specific enzyme analysis were used to determine whether LTA treatment could induce the differentiation of the cells. Results　LTA but not WPG or PS significantly inhibited the proliferation of LoVo cells in a dose and time dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis by FCM revealed that LTA induced changes in cycle distribution resulting in G0/G1 phase commitment. Morphological alterations observed by light and electron microscopy indicated maturity of cytoplasm and nucleus following treatment by 50μg/ml of LTA. Membrane fluidity was also altered, and intestinal alkaline phosphatase specific for the differentiation of LoVo cells roused dramatically during culture in LTA. It was further found that LTA elevated ［Ca2+］i which resulted from Ca2+ influx instead of the release of stored calcium. Conclusion　These observations indicated that LTA was able to inhibit the growth of LoVo cells and induce the differentiation of the cells. Calcium influx may play an important role in this process.

Objective To study preliminar il y the mutual antigens between Lumbricus terrestris[WT5”BZ ] and Schistosoma japonicum. Methods The antigen s of Lumbricus terrestris (L.terrestris) and [ WT5”BX]Schistosoma japonicu m (S.japonicum) were analysed by SDS-PAGE technique, and reacte d with the sera of patients with schistosomiasis and the sera of rabbits immunized with LtAg by Dot-ELISA and Western-blot. Results [WT5” B Z]There were many similar molecular weight antigens between LtAg and SjAg. Spe cially some antigens between 30-90 kDa form LtAg had intensive cross reactio n with the sera of patients with schistosomiasis. SjAg was also reacted with the sera of r abbits immunized with LtAg. Conclusion There are at least three immunocompetent antigens with similar molecular weight between L.terrestris and S.japonicum. [

Current anti-hepatoma agents in clinical aplication have not been proved to be satisfactory. The major obstacles are low efficacy, toxicity, and drug resistance. Identifying new drug targets and discovering new agents accordin gly with high efficacies and low toxicities have become the key part of the solu tion. Recent studies have shown that hyper-methylation of tumor suppressor gene s, interaction between hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, as well as cyclooxygenase-2 might be potential targets for hepatomachemotherapy. Indeed, agents acting on these targets have shown to be effective. In addition, other agents such as As 2O 3 have also shown th eir activities against hepatoma.

OBJECTIVE: To comprehend the general situation of pharmaceutical services in hospitals in China.METHOD: The general situation of pharmaceutical services was investigated by questionnaire survey through mailing among a total of 600 hospitals including third-level grade A and B and second-level grade A and B hospitals and 42 pilot sites hospitals of clinical pharmacist work system selected by stratified random sampling.And the results were given a statistical analysis.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: A total of 281 questionnaires(46.8%) were sent back from sample hospitals and 29(69.0%) from pilot hospitals.37.1% of the hospitals developed the service of mixed dispensing for intravenous drugs,61.7% set up drug information consultation department,32.9% had monitoring software or system for rational drug use,indicating a great evolvement has been achieved in Chinese hospital pharmaceutical services.But there is still great difference in pharmaceutical care between different level and grade of hospitals.