Defensin is a cysteine-rich, low molecular weight and cationic antimicrobial peptide. Human breast milk con-tains high level of defensin. The defensin in human breast milk can not only inhibit the growth of various pathogenic microorgan-isms, but also promote the development of infant immune system and reduce the incidence of infantile upper respiratory infection. Nowadays, the roles of defensin in breast milk is more recognized. This paper focuses on the molecular characteristics of human defensin, its antibacterial and antiviral roles, and the latest progress in defensin research.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) may significantly improve the treatment outcome in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).It is the most frequent question about whether the patients with durable complete molecular response (CMR) can safely discontinue TKI treatment without relapse.This has focused attention on the strategies to eradicate residual CML cells,especially the CML stem cells,which should result in long term leukemia-free survival and permanent cure.Here,the progress on discontinuation of TKI therapy and alternative approaches to eradicating CML stem cells in the 55th ASH annual meeting is reviewed.

Objective:To study the preparation technology of ambroxol hydrochloride double-layer tablets and evaluate the drug re-lease in vitro. Methods:The best technology was screened by orthogonal design, and the drug release in vitro was evaluated by UV spectrophotometry. Results:The drug release in vitro was in accordance with the corresponding standard. Conclusion:The preparation technology is simple and the quality is stable for industrial production.

BACKGROUND:The research for mesenchymal stem cels in the treatment of liver cirrhosis has made great progress. However,t-test analysis is often misused in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the efficacy and safety of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel therapy for liver cirrhosis by repeated measurement method. METHODS: A total of 27 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis underwent conventional medical treatments, including liver protection treatment and symptomatic treatment. At 1 week after hospitalization, patients were given intravenous transplantation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels (passages 2-4), cel viability≥ 90%, stem cel counting≥ 2×107 cels, four times with an interval of 5-7 days. Analysis of variance based on repeated measurement data was performed to analyze the liver function changes at different time after umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of univariate repeated measurement showed that at 2 and 3 months after treatment, the serum albumin level was increased and the total bilirubin level in serum was decreased significantly (P < 0.05); at 3 months after treatment, the content of aspartate aminotransferase decreased, and the content of cholinesterase increased significantly (P < 0.05). No patient appeared to have liver and other organ tumors during the observation period. These findings indicate that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cel transplantation is effective and safe in the treatment of liver cirrhosis, which can significantly improve patient's liver functions.

Objective This article made an exploration on the feasibility of combined applica-tion of TBL with LBL in immunology experiment teaching, and analyzed teaching effectiveness of such combined model in order to find a new way of teaching reformation. Methods 2012 grade biophar-maceutical technology students were chosen in this research, one class as the experimental group(n=42), the other one as control group(n=42). In the experimental group, students were taught on a TBL+LBL combination model, while in the control group, students were taught only on LBL model. After the course was finished, effects of teaching were evaluated by questionnaire survey and compre-hensive ability evaluation. SPSS 18.0 software was used to do statistical analysis. Quantitative data and qualitative data were analyzed by t test and chi-square test respectively. P<0.05 means that difference is statistically significant. Results Above 90.0% of students in experiment group approved that TBL+LBL can improve the interest in learning , can enhance sense of teamwork , can help acquiring of knowledge and improving of individual comprehensive ability. Average score of comprehensive ability evaluation and percentage of students achieving good score in experimental group were higher than those in control group, the differences were statistically significant(t=2.020, P=0.049; χ2=6.372, P=0.012). Conclusion The TBL+LBL combination model can improve immunology experiment teach-ing quality, and is worth publicizing.

Although hemopoietic stem cell transplant have been used in treating malignant diseases of hematological system using high-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy before transplant or non-transplant is very important. When the dose of chemotherapy and radiotherapy exceeds the ability the tissues can bear, normal tissue can be badly damaged, which limits the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Treatments of hematological malignancies are expected to achieve the best therapeutic efficacy and the least damage of normal cells and tissues. Amifostine is an inorganic thiophosphate eytoprotective agent,its chemname is S-2(3-aminopropyl) amino dihydrogen phosphate.h is a prodrug whose active constitutent is free thiol,it can clears free radicals produced from cytotoxic drugs and radiotherapy in tissues exposed to them. It is a broad-spectrum cytoprotective agent which can protect multifarious normal tissues against damage of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Using amifostine in proconditioning of hemopoietic stem cell transplant can lessen hematological and renal toxicity, it can also lessen renal toxicity produced by chemotherapeutics as platinum,cyclophosphamide and vincristine. The main purpose of this review is to discuss the cytoprotection of amifostine in hematological malignancies.

Objective To investigate the relationship of the serum anti-lysosome associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2) antibody levels and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis.Methods Thirty-three patients with new onset ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis and thirty healthy controls were enrolled.ANCA detection was performed using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect myeloperoxidase (MPO),proteinase-3 (PR3) and other ANCA-associated antibodies including LAMP-2.The cut-off value of the serum anti-LAMP-2 antibody was determined by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results The serum levels of anti-LAMP-2 antibody in new onset ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis patients were significantly higher than remission stage ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis patients and healthy controls (P ＜ 0.05).The serum levels of anti-LAMP-2 antibody showed no visible difference between the remission ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis patients and healthy controls (P ＞ 0.05).The levels of anti-LAMP-2 antibody showed a strong positive correlation with ESR,Scr,BUN,proteinuria,crescent proportion and Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS) and a negative correlation with Ccr,Hb and Alb.Conclusions Anti-LAMP-2 antibody is correlated with the activity of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis and the severity of renal damage.It may be a useful indicator on the activity of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis.

Objective To analyze the complications caused by microwave ablation for hepatic cavernous hemangiomas, and to discuss the prevention and treatment of the complications. Methods During the period from July 2009 to May 2011 at authors’ hospital, a total of 34 times of microwave ablation procedure were carried out in 30 patients with hepatic cavernous hemangiomas. The microwave ablation-related complications were recorded and the prognosis was evaluated. Results Serious complications occurred in 2 patients (6.7%), including acute hemolysis leading to acute renal failure (n = 1) and abdominal wall abscess (n = 1). Postoperative fever was seen in 18 cases (60%), transient hemoglobinuria in 4 cases (13.3%), nausea with vomiting in 5 cases (16.7%), marked pain at the surgical area in 8 cases (26.7%), right pleural effusion in 4 cases (13.3%), hepatic dysfunction in 24 cases (80%) and leukocytosis in 11 cases (36.7%). No treatment-related death occurred. Conclusion For the treatment of hepatic cavernous hemangiomas, microwave ablation is minimally invasive with higher safety and satisfactory effect, although this technique carries somewhat higher risks when the hemangioma is larger or the location of the hemangioma is anatomically complicated. Some of these complications can be early detected and proper management should be actively adopted in order to avoid as well as to minimize the adverse results.

This paper reported one case with deposition of schistosome eggs in lymph nodes of rectal cancer draining area.