Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)are pluripotent stem cells obtained through transduction of specific transcription factors and reprogramming of human and animal somatic cells,Which are similar to embryonic stem cells.The iPSCs possesses characteristics of unlimited proliferation,self-reneWal and multi-differentiation.This arti-cle mainly summarized current research condition,application value and prospects of iPSCs in cardiovascular area, and its defect in application of current stage.

AIM　To study the activation of choline on M3-R in heart and observe the hemodynamic changes of rat and rabbit. METHODS　A cardiac catheter was inserted into the left ventricular cavity via the right carotid artery, then the HR, LVSP, LVEDP, and ±dp/dt were measured using a polygraph system. RESULTS　Choline was shown to decrease the hemodynamic assessments, such as HR, +dp/dt, LVSP and LVEDP. while the M3-R antagonist 4-DAMP (4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine-methiodide) showed little effect on these assessments. It was found to reverse the hemodynamic effects of choline. CONCLUSION M3 receptor agonist can produce negative inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart of rat and rabbit.

OBJECTIVETo research on the substantial foundation of the medical speciality of Chinese traditional medicines from immunogenicity.

METHODControl antigen with hot nature was prepared from the mixture of the aqueous extracts of three Chinese traditional medicines with three typical hot nature of Alpinia officinarum, Cinnamomum cassia and Curculigo orchioides, while that with cold nature prepared with Rheum palmatum, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Coptis chinensis, and polyclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing rabbit with control antigen. Dot blotting was performed between the polyclonal antibody of control antigen and the aqueous extracts of nine Chinese traditional medicines on a piece of PVDF membrane, and the blotting signals were analyzed by the software of Quantity One.

RESULTBlotting signals with hot control antigen of nine Chinese traditional medicines in descending were Zingiber officinale, Aconitum carmichaeli, Eucommia ulmoides, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Lonicera japonica, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Coptis chinensis, Rheum palmatum and Phellodendron chinense, which degree of similarity to control antigen in peak value were 57.33%, 43.56 %, 34.16%, 30.2%, 28.81%, 26.53%, 21.68%, 17.62% and 14.85%, respectively. Blotting signals with cold control antigen were Rheum palmatum, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Coptis chinensis, Phellodendron chinense, Zingiber officinale, Lonicera japonica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Eucommia ulmoides and Aconitum carmichaeli in descending, of which degree of similarity to cold control antigen in peak value were 55.22%, 54.23%, 46.72%, 34.08%, 30.3%, 24.48%, 24.33%, 20.35% and 15.17%, respectively. Results of cluster analysis with Wistar's method showed that nine medicines were classified into two groups, one group included Phellodendron chinense, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Coptis chinensis, Rheum palmatum, another was Zingiber officinale, Aconitum carmichaeli, Eucommia ulmoides, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Lonicera japonica.

CONCLUSIONBlotting signals of nine medicines with control antigen regularly varied with the alteration of medicine nature. The more similarity degree of the tested medicine to control antigen was smaller, the more distance of the tested medicine to control antigen was further. Dot immunoblotting was a practical and effective new method in researching the substantial foundation of the medical speciality of Chinese traditional medicines.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; Antibody Formation ; Antigens ; immunology ; Blotting, Western ; Cold Temperature ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; classification ; Hot Temperature ; Immunoblotting ; methods ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Rabbits

Objective :To explore rehabilitative effect of low—frequency (1Hz ,LF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined functional electrical stimulation (FES) on lower limb spasm and motor function in pa—tients with subacute ischemic stroke (SAIS).Methods : A total of 92 SAIS patients with lower limb spasm and motor dysfunction hospitalized in our department were randomly divided into sham stimulation + FES group (sham stimu—lation group ,n＝45) and low—frequency rTMS + FES group (LF—rTMS group ,n＝47) ,both groups were continu—ously treated for three weeks .Lower limb motor function and spasm severity were assessed by Fugl—Meyer motor as—sessment (FMA) and modified Ashworth scale (MAS) respectively before and after treatment ,and motor evoked potential (MEP) was detected .Results : Compared with before treatment ,there was significant rise in FMA score , and significant reductions in MAS score and MEP in two groups after three—week treatment , P＝ 0.001 all ;com—pared with sham stimulation group ,there was significant rise in FMA score [16. 0 (13.0 ,23. 5 ) scores vs. 19. 0 (16.0 ,27.0) scores] ,and significant reductions in MAS score [1. 5 (1. 3 ,1.5) scores vs. 1. 0 (0. 5 ,1. 5) scores] and MEP [ (24.64 ± 0. 39) ms vs. (24.43 ± 0.31) ms] in LF—rTMS group after treatment , P＜0.05 or ＜ 0. 01 . Conclusion : Compared with sham stimulation + FES ,LF—rTMS + FES can more significantly improve lower limb spasm and motor function in patients with subacute ischemic stroke .