Objective To investigate the application of fundamental cause in the preparation of surgical instruments.Methods The fundamental cause analysis method was used to analyze the situations of improper preparation of surgical instruments in the operation room to analyze the fundamental causes and work out countermeasures.The preparation of surgical instruments before and after the implementation was compared.Result The qualification rate of surgical instruments increased from 96.0％ before the implementation to 98.6％ after the implementation,with statistically significant difference (P＜0.001).Conclusion The fundamental cause analysis can help the operation room to find out the problems in the surgical equipment preparation process so as to improve the working procedures and the qualification rate of prepared surgical instruments.

OBJECTIVE To make clear the germicidal efficacy of a large-sized pressure-stream disinfector for(bedclothes) used in the hospital.METHODS The carrier-ration sterilization experiment and local disinfection(experiment) were used to test the germicidal efficacy of pressure-stream disinfector for microorganism being on the contaminated bedclothes.RESULTS Operating the disinfector at the 105℃ for 5 minutes,its killing rate of Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Candida albicans on bedclothes was 100%,the natural killing rate of(surface) of bedclothes exceeded 99.28%.CONCLUSIONS The pressure-stream disinfection is an excellently(effective),economical and environment protective method,it deserves to be used widely.

Objective To investigate the method of disinfection and sterilization of ventilator tubes and accessories in order to increase the sterilization quality of them. Methods 120 ventilator tubes and accessories from ICU and emergency department were randomly dividied into the control group,and the study group. Bacteriologic tests were conducted in the two groups. Results There was significat differ-ence in bacteriologic tests between the two groups. Conclusions It is necessary to research into steriliza-tion method of ventilator tubes and accessories.

Objective:To develop a pressure injury risk assessment scale for surgical patients and test its reliability and validity.Methods:From October 2017 to December 2018, the evaluation items for the pressure injury risk assessment scale for surgical patients were formulate by combining domestic and foreign literature studies and retrospective analysis of cases. The pressure injury risk assessment scale for surgical patients was developed through expert consultation. The scale was used to evaluate the surgical pressure injury risk of 400 surgical patients in 4 Class Ⅲ Grade A general hospitals in Guangdong Province to verify its reliability and validity.Results:Totally 39 experts participated in 3 rounds of consultation, and the mean of expert authority coefficient was 0.88. Finally, an assessment scale with 13 evaluation items was formulated, with a total score of 14 to 44. The higher the score, the higher the risk of surgery-related pressure injury. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.68, and the corrected Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.73 with a split-half reliability of 0.72. The inter-rater reliability was 0.985, and the scale-level CVI ( S- CVI) was 0.94. Conclusions:The risk assessment items for pressure injury of surgical patients constructed in this study can be quantified and have strong objectivity, good reliability and validity, which can reduce the bias caused by the subjective factors of the measurer, are suitable for pressure injury risk assessment in clinical surgical patients.

Objective:To understand the current status of human resources in Operating Room nursing in China, so as to provide reference for nursing management, human resource allocation, nursing education and training in Operating Rooms.Methods:Using the stratified sampling method, a self-made Operating Room nursing human resource survey questionnaire of Chinese Nursing Society was used as a research tool in July 2021 to investigate the general situation, surgical workload, human resource allocation, Operating Room management, Operating Room information construction, nursing education and training of 2 201 hospitals in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China.Results:Among the 2 201 hospitals, there were 1 021 tertiary hospitals (46.39%), 1 177 secondary hospitals (50.75%), and 63 primary and below hospitals (2.86%). There were 2 056 hospitals with less than 30 Operating Rooms, accounting for 93.41%. There were 1 991 hospitals with an annual number of surgical cases less than 20 000, accounting for 90.46%, the educational background of Operating Room nurses was mainly undergraduate (66.93%, 43 359/64 780), with a total of 67.99% (44 045/64 780) having a bachelor's degree or above. Nurses were the main professional titles (42.66%, 27 632/64 780). Number of Operating Rooms: the number of Operating Room nurses (median) was 1: 2.43 and 78.96% (1 738/2 201) of hospital operating theatres were managed by Nursing Departments or hospitals. A total of 1 479 hospitals (67.20%) established anesthesia recovery rooms in their Operating Rooms, which was higher than 59.34% (1 210 hospitals) surveyed in 2016, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=226.701, P<0.01). 74.69% (1 644/2 201) and 87.87% (1 934/2 201) of hospitals carried out post management and capacity classification management in Operating Rooms, respectively. Day surgery and robotic surgery were performed in 47.80% (1 052/201) and 7.68% (169/2 201) hospitals, respectively. 36.98% (814/2 201) of the hospitals passed the information evaluation system certification and 64.61% (1 422/2 201) of the hospitals used the Operating Room information management system. In the Operating Room information system of the hospital, 2.54% (56/2 201) had intelligent functions. And 77.24% (1 700/2 201) of hospitals participated in the qualification training of Operating Room specialist nurses. Conclusions:By July 2021, the number of Operating Rooms in most hospitals in China is less than 30, and the annual number of operating cases is less than 20 000. The educational background and professional title of Operating Room nurses are mainly undergraduate and nurse. More than 60% of hospitals have set up anesthesia recovery rooms and have information management systems for Operating Rooms. At the same time, Operating Rooms in Chinese hospitals have widely implemented diversified nursing management models such as post management and ability grading management.