Objective To determine the affected factors of intraorbital hemodynamic results in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the risk factors related to the occurrence of DR. Methods Posterior ciliary artery (PCA), central retinal artery (CRA), central retinal vein (CRV), and vortex vein (VV) of 68 patients with DR were measured by color Doppler flow image (CDFI). Thirty-one hemodynamic parameters, including systolic velocity, diastolic velocity, mean velocity, resistive index, pulsatility index and accelerative velocity of ophthalmic artery (OA), and other variates (blood pressure, blood sugar, gender, age, duration of the disease, and so on) were collected and clustered in a principal components analysis following a forward, stepwise logistic regression on these components. Results Nine principal components were extracted from 37 original variates, reflecting the velocity of OA, velocity of PCA, resistance of OA, velocity of CRA, resistance of CRA, resistance of PCA, time-related factor, venous drainage factor and gender factor, respectively. In the result of logistic regression, resistance of OA, velocity of CRA, resistance of PCA, time-related factor, and venous drainage factor were the risk factors related to DR. Conclusion The first risk factor affecting DR is time, and intraorbital hemodynamic abnormity influencing the development of diabetic retinopathy may be the increase of resistance of OA, decrease of velocity of CRA, decrease of resistance of PCA, and increase of venous drainage.

Objective To create a calibrated animal model of graded optic nerve injury (ONI) in rats, focusing on quantification of injury intensity, injury severity and the correlation between them. Methods A pair of cross-action forceps with pressure of 148.0 g was used to clip rat optic nerves for 3, 6, 30 and 60 seconds, or a pair of artery clips with constant pressure (32.4 g) used to clip rat optic nerves for 5, 10 and 15 seconds in order to create graded ONI animal models. Transcranial FluoroGold-labeled retinal ganglion cell (RGC) was used to observe the changes of RGC one month after injury, which then could be used to evaluate the injury severity. Ocular blood supply was evaluated by transcardiacly perfused Luxol Fast Blue post-injury. Results The graded ONI animal models were successfully created in rats without retinal ischemia post-trauma. The injury intensity could be well-defined by impulse or averaged impulse, while injury severity could be evaluated by the count of FluoroGold-labeled RGCs. The averaged impulse produced by artery clips clipping rat optic nerves for 15 seconds equalized with that produced by cross-action forceps for three seconds. The severer injury intensity begot less number of RGCs. The correlation between injury impulse and RGCs was fit for power function. Short time clipping of optic nerves could not lead to ischemic injury of the retina. Conclusions A calibrated graded ONI animal model is successfully created by clipping optic nerves with a pair of cross-action forceps. The model can be evaluated with RGCs count, impulse and averaged impulse, the latter two of which stand for injury intensity and injury severity, respectively.

Objective To investigate the gene expression spectrum of retina and optic nerve after partial injury of optic nerve. Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. The optic nerves of the right eyes were clipped for 6 seconds with a pair of cross-action forceps. The retinae and optic nerves in the operation eye and contralateral sham operation eye were removed 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after the injury to detect gene expression patterns with high-density DNA microarrays. Results Changes of a mass of gene expressions were found after the optic nerve injury, and the positive rate of gene expression was 2.35%, 6.48%, 3.82% and 4.09% after 3, 7, 14, 21 days, respectively, and the total positive rate was 11.77%. The functions of positive expression of the gene involved cell survival, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix and cell adhesion, free radicals and oxidative damage, energy and metabolism, inflammation, neurotransmission and ion transport, signal transduction, structural protein, transcription and translation. Up- or down-regulation of repaired genes was the main part of the changes of gene expression, while the altered-expression destroy genes was the minor part in the whole gene expression spectrum, in which the up- and down-regulation of expression of repaired genes accounted for 13.98% and 24.73% respectively 7 days after the injury, and the down-regulation of expression of repaired genes accounted for 17.20% 14 days after the injury. Conclusions A mass of gene expression changes occurs after the optic nerve injury, and the comprehensive view on the gene expression pattern following the optic nerve injury is crucial to discover the mechanism of post-injury reaction and regeneration.

Objective To investigate the effects of high fat diet induced obesity on rat prostatitis and assesses the metabolic fea-tures .Methods The normal diet group ,high-fat diet group and the positive control group were established according to the experi-mental requirements .Obesity model was established due to high-fat-diet feed .Microscopy was performed to analyze Lecithin density and leucocyte count .IL-6 and IL-8 Release level in the prostatic fluid were measured with ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent as-say) kits according to the manufacturer′s directions .IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels of prostate were measured by real time PCR .Re-sults Compared with normal diet group ,high-fat diet group tended to be obesity obviously in 5 weeks of high-fat diet .The inci-dence rate of prostatitis in high fat diet group was significantly higher than that of control group ,and high-fat diet group had higher IL-6 and IL-8 releasing and mRNA levels .Conclusion High-fat diet could increase incidence of prostatitis in rat .The effect is par-tially due to IL-6 and IL-8 releasing and expression .

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for optic atrophy. METHODS: All the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on optic atrophy treatment with acupuncture were included after retrieving the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang database from their establishment to November 2012. The bibliographies of the included studies were retrieved as well. The quality of RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria was evaluated and the data were extracted. Meta-analyses were performed with Stata 11.2 software. RESULTS: Thirteen RCTs involving 1180 eyes were included. Meta-analyses showed that the effect of acupuncture or combined with medicine was superior to medicine alone in terms of total effectiveness [OR=3.281, 95% CI ( 2.517, 4.278)], visual acuity [3.287, 95% CI (2.193, 4.925)], and visual field [3.215, 95% CI (1.580, 6.543)]. The visual sensitivity and P-VEP test showed the similar results. CONCLUSION Acupuncture is superior to medicine in terms of improved visual acuity, visual field and P-VEP. However, large samples, and high-quality studies are needed for stronger evidence.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Optic Atrophy ; therapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields ; Young Adult