Proteomics is an emerging discipline which studies the composition of proteins and their transformation rules at the cellular level and the overall level.Recently,proteomics has been used in a variety of studies of tumors.And it has made some progresses in explaining the mechanisms of tumors' genesis and development,discovering new specific markers for tumors and new targets for drug treatment,and forecasting tumors' biological behaviors.

Cytokeratins can maintain the morphous and function of normal cells. Clinically, cytokera-tins are used to diagnose several tumors as tumor markers. Recently, numerous studies indicate that the abnor-mal expression, mutation in the site of phosphorylation and hyperphosphorylation have relationship with the mechnism of tumorigenesis. Reseach of the relationship is important for the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of tumor.

Objective To explore diagnostic basis for early renal lnjuryo Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay wag used,urine protein icroalbumin,Micoalbuminl,retinol binding protein.Urinary N-acetyle B-D-glucosaminidase was determineby chromatometry.Urinary creatinine was determined with enzymic method.Results The levels of urinary transferrin,miroalbumin and NAG in the controls were Alb/Cr(1.93±0.42(mg/mmol),UPI/Cr 47.61±5.86(mg/mmol),RBP/cr:24.41±3.55(mg/mmol),NAG/Cr.0.96±0.58(u/mmol).The levels of urirary transferrin,microalbumin and NAG in urinary albumin negative groups(diabetes,hypertension,lupus erythematosus,Wethra infection)were higher than those in the controls(P＜0.01),positive rates of determining one or two of the four items were lowerthan that of determining Alb UPl RBP and NAG.together.Determing for items together would raise the positive rate to 92% in diabetes,80%in hypertension,85%in lupus erytematosus,76%in urethra infection respectively.Conclusion It is sensitive and reliable tO detect Alb,UPI,RBP and NAG together for diagnosis of early renal injury.

Objective To analyze nosocomial infection related factors among respiratory department patients and discuss corresponding nursing measures. Methods Clinical data of 2142 patients with respiratory disease were analyzed retrospectively, the nosocomial infection associated risk factors were analyzed. Results 138 cases (6.4%)in 2142 patients suffered nosocomial infection, the related risk factors included age, the length of hospitalization time, whether having aggressive treatment or basic diseases of other system, whether used broad- spectrum antibiotics or chemotherapy drugs or hormone, etc. Conclusions Positive and effective treatment of primary disease, disinfection and isolation of ward, cutting off infection pathway, doing basic job, and keeping respiratory tract smooth were effective measures to reduce nosocomial infection.

Objective To explore nurses' dispositional optimism and mental health and disscuss the impact of dispositional optimism on nurses' mental health in order to provide evidences for promoting the level of nurses' mental health. Methods Adopting Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) ,the researchers carried on the questionaire investigation to a total of 240 nurses. Results Unmarried nurses were more optimistic than married ones(15.53 ± 3.48,14.39 ± 2.88) ,and the difference had statistic significance(P ＜ 0.01). The positive detection rate of nurses' psychological symptoms was 6.7% ～ 26.5%. Compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity and depression were nurses' main psychological symptoms. Compared to the national female norm, the somatization, depression, anxiety, psychosis factor scores, total score and the number of positive items of SCL-90(1.49±0.45,1.70±0.42, 1.55 ±0.43,1.46±0.38,1.40±0.37,1.50±0.35,37.23±22.02)were higher, and the difference had statistic significance(P＜ 0.05). Dispositional optimism postively correlated with the level of nurses' mental health(P＜ 0. 001). Conclusions The general condition of nurses' mental health is not good enough, and dispositional optimism has good forecast function to nurse's mental healthy. Therefore, maintaining positive and optimistic attitude will be helpful to nurses' mental health.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a common and devastating problem in clinical medicine. The lack of early biomarkers for AKI has led to a delay in initiating potentially effective therapies.Identification of novel biomarkers for AKI has progressed to the clinical phase of the biomarker discovery process. The most promising AKI biomarkers include neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, IL-18, kidney injury molecule-1 and liver-type fatty acid binding protein. In this article, we review the study of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,IL-18, kidney injury molecule-1 and liver-type fatty acid binding protein in recent years,in order to provide the theory basis for the clinical application of the early biomarkers for AKI.

Humans ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic

Cerebral Palsy ; complications ; Child ; Child Nutrition Disorders ; complications ; Deglutition Disorders ; Equipment and Supplies ; Esophageal Motility Disorders ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Speech Disorders ; etiology

Diagnosis, Differential ; Genome ; Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Genome ; Human Genome Project ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; trends