No abstract available.
Hospitalization* ; Smoking*

No abstract available.
Hospitalization ; Humans

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the level of adjustment to hospital life, hospitalization recognition and hospital-related fear by school-aged children, and investigate the influence of hospitalization recognition and hospital-related fear on the hospital life of these children. METHODS: Participants were 112 three to six grade students who were hospitalized from 3 to 7 days at one of two children's hospital. Date were collected from September 2015 to March 2016. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, multiple regression. RESULTS: The mean score for adjustment to hospital life was 3.43±0.40 of 5, for hospitalization recognition, 2.98±0.46 of 4 and for hospital-related fear, 1.37±0.28 of 3. Factors affecting adjustment to hospital life were hospital-related fear (β=-.28, p=.002) and hospitalization recognition (β=.27, p=.003). These factors explained 17% of the variance in adjustment to hospital life. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that adjustment to hospital life by school-aged children is not sufficient enough for them to cope with illnesses and hospitalization. Therefore, to improve adjustment to hospital life by school-aged children, nursing interventions that focus on increasing hospitalization recognition and decreasing hospital-related fear need to be developed.
Child* ; Hospitalization* ; Humans ; Nursing

Purely extradural giant lumbar schwannomas are rare lesions. Classification of these tumors is performed according to the sizes and spills and is named the modified Sridhar's classification. The management of these tumors has traditionally been performed by combined antero-posterior large or two-stage exposures. This combined exposure has many disadvantages. Recent reports have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of removal of these tumors using mini-open micro surgical resection for the schwannomas, but the safety and efficacy have not been established for extremely large giant tumors. We report a case of a giant L4 dumb-bell schwannoma successfully resected through a mini-open micro surgical resection. These neoplasms can be safely and effectively treated with mini-open techniques. Reduction in blood loss, hospitalization, and tissue disruption may be potential benefits of this approach. We discuss the technical details of this surgical approach along with the limitations and possible complications. In addition, this study is included in the current schwannoma (Kotil) classification.
Classification* ; Hospitalization ; Neurilemmoma*

Purely extradural giant lumbar schwannomas are rare lesions. Classification of these tumors is performed according to the sizes and spills and is named the modified Sridhar's classification. The management of these tumors has traditionally been performed by combined antero-posterior large or two-stage exposures. This combined exposure has many disadvantages. Recent reports have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of removal of these tumors using mini-open micro surgical resection for the schwannomas, but the safety and efficacy have not been established for extremely large giant tumors. We report a case of a giant L4 dumb-bell schwannoma successfully resected through a mini-open micro surgical resection. These neoplasms can be safely and effectively treated with mini-open techniques. Reduction in blood loss, hospitalization, and tissue disruption may be potential benefits of this approach. We discuss the technical details of this surgical approach along with the limitations and possible complications. In addition, this study is included in the current schwannoma (Kotil) classification.
Classification* ; Hospitalization ; Neurilemmoma*

Pneumatic retinopexy is a new procedure that is effective in treating the uncomplicated cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. The procedure of pneumatic retinopexy is composed of cryotherapy(photocoagulation), intraocular gas injection and postoperative positioning. The advantages of this procedure are less tissue damage, no hospitalization, reduced expense and minimal complication. For these reasons, this procedure has become popular retinal detachment surgeons. Peports of associated complications are still limited. The authors experienced one case of choroidal detachment after intraocular gas(SF6 gas) injection in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in pseudophakic eye.
Choroid* ; Hospitalization ; Retinal Detachment

No abstract available.
Anemia* ; Child* ; Hospitalization* ; Humans

INTRODUCTION: There is no documentation of the causes of hospitalization among lupus patients in the Philippines in recent times and this study hopes to fill in this knowledge gap. Thus, this study reports the outcomes of hospitalizations among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) admitted at the charity wards of the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH). METHODS: A retrospective chart review was done on all admitted patients with SLE from January 2015 to December 2015 admitted at UP-PGH, the national referral center and tertiary training government hospital in Manila, Philippines. RESULTS: There were a total of 81 SLE patients meeting the inclusion criteria. SLE admission comprised 3.1% (138/4408) of admitted charity cases in our department. The most common reasons for hospitalizations are infection (64.1%), lupus activity (60.3%), and lupus activity with infection (47.4%). The mean duration of hospitalization was 12.4 (SD 8) days. Patients with organ damage from lupus were mostly able to fully recover (20%) while those admitted due to more than one reason mostly had partial recovery (95.2%). Infection is the top leading cause of death (6%). Serositis [OR 0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02- 0.63] and number of ACR SLE criteria fulfilled on diagnosis (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.22- 0.997) were likely to have poor outcome of hospitalization. The over-all cohort’s survival on admission was 100.0%, 98.8%, 97.4%, and 92.5% for one, two, six, and more than 15 days of admission, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our cohort confirms the results of previous studies suggesting that infection and disease activity were the top reasons for hospitalization among lupus patients whether living from emerging and developed nations. Indeed, the morbidity and mortality of our patients remains a great challenge not just among physicians but with the government and various stakeholders.
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Hospitalization

BACKGROUND: Symptomatic bradycardia, commonly attributed to sinus node dysfunction/ sick sinus syndrome, or atrioventricular (AV) blocks or conduction disorders from chronic fascicular blocks, is treated by implantation of a permanent pacemaker. Despite it being a class 1 recommendation, there is a perception based on informal surveys that permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) is underutilized. The Philippines showed slow growth in the volume of implantation from 1049 in 2015 to 1225 in 2016. The Philippine pacemaker data after 2016 are incomplete and unreliable because of the lack of a national registry. It is the aim of this study to ascertain the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias requiring PPI and the volume of its utilization in the Philippines. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to (1) to determine the prevalence of hospitalization claims in 2017 and 2018 for cardiac arrhythmias requiring PPI, (2) to determine the regional distribution of arrhythmias requiring PPI, (3) to determine the regional distribution of hospitalization claims for PPI, (4) to determine the number of hospitalization claims for specific cases requiring PPI and the corresponding mortality rate, (5) to determine the number of hospitalization claims for PPI and the corresponding mortality rate, and (6) to describe the demographic profile of patients with indications and with claims for PPI, as well as the duration of hospitalization and type of facilities where the hospital claims were filed. METHODS: This is a descriptive study of Filipino patients 19 years or older, admitted for cardiac arrhythmias requiring PPI in the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth)–accredited hospitals in 2017 and 2018. The data for disease prevalence were gathered from the database of PhilHealth using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) of the World Health Organization. The procedures that the patients underwent were determined using the latest PhilHealth Relative Value Scale (RVS) codes. Other variables gathered were the demographic data, diagnosis, region, duration of hospital stay, type of facility on admission, and the status on discharge. Qualitative data were tabulated and presented as frequency and percent distribution. Quantitative data were reported as median with corresponding quartiles (Q1 and Q3). RESULTS: Based on the 2017 and 2018 database of PhilHealth, out of the nationwide total medical admissions, there were 958 total claims for arrhythmias requiring pacemaker implantation in 2017 and 1144 total claims in 2018. The prevalence in both years was similar (0.04%). There were 549 and 683 total claims for PPI, in 2017 and 2018, respectively, and preponderantly done in the National Capital Region. Sick sinus syndrome/tachycardia–bradycardia syndrome had the greatest number of total claims for both years. More than half of the patients who had PPI were females. The median age was similar (67 and 68 years old for both years and 73 and 75 years old in 2017 and 2018, based on ICD-10 and RVS codes, respectively). The duration of hospitalization was a median of 4 days (ICD-10 codes) and 5 to 6 days (RVS codes). Most of the hospital claims for cardiac arrhythmias (76%–79%) requiring PPI were filed in private facilities. Mortality among those diagnosed was 3.6% for complete atrioventricular block and 0.3% for sick sinus syndrome but was low among those who underwent PPI (0.8%–2.2%). CONCLUSION The prevalence of hospitalization claims for arrhythmias requiring PPI was 0.04%, both in 2017 and 2018. There is a big gap between the number of cases requiring a permanent pacemaker and the number that underwent the procedure. Hospitalization claims, based on ICD-10 codes and RVS codes, were centralized in the National Capital Region and private hospitals. The mortality rate among those who had the procedure was low.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; prevalence ; Hospitalization

Background: Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency requiring prompt evaluation and management to prevent disease refractoriness associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Thus, estimating costs attributable to the treatment of SE is important because of the severity of this disease. In the Philippines, healthcare provisions are mostly out-of-pocket expenses; hence the cost of treatment is a critical determinant for disease management. Unfortunately, the availability of data regarding the cost of illness of SE in developing countries is limited. Objectives: To determine the frequently used anticonvulsant drug regimen and direct inpatient costs of acute treatment for status epilepticus within five years in a private tertiary hospital in the Philippines. Methods: Records from patients diagnosed with SE who were admitted under or referred to the Adult Neurology Service in a private tertiary hospital from January 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. The SE type was classified as non-refractory (NRSE), refractory (RSE), and super refractory (SRSE). Demographic data, clinical features, SE type, etiology, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and anesthetic drugs used, total cost of AEDs and anesthetic drugs, total cost of 5-day hospitalization, and total cost of entire length of stay were recorded. Results: We retrieved the records of 61 patients admitted for SE. Of these patients, 23 were classified as nonrefractory, 20 as refractory, and 18 as super refractory. Diazepam was given to all SE patients as first-line treatment. Valproic acid and levetiracetam were used as second-line treatments. The most frequently given anesthetic drug was midazolam. The mean hospitalization cost per patient was ₱52,0982.3 for SE, ₱659,638.7 for RSE, and ₱134,1451 for SRSE. The mean cost of 5-day hospitalization was ₱193,572.3 for NRSE, ₱358,808.5 for RSE, and ₱652,781 for SRSE. The mean cost of medications was ₱18,546 for NRSE, ₱30,780 for RSE, and ₱128,263 for SRSE. Conclusion The direct cost of SE varied depending on subtype and response to treatment. Costs increased with disease refractoriness. Direct inpatient treatment costs for SRSE were twice as high as that of NRSE and RSE.
epilepsy ; status epilepticus ; hospitalization