Background and Objective: Patients with liver cirrhosis have an increased risk for poor postoperative outcomes after non-hepatic surgery, with liver dysfunction being the most important predictor of poor outcomes. This study aims to determine the association of the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade, aspartate aminotransferase-platelet ratio index (APRI) score, and ALBI-APRI score with postoperative outcomes among cirrhotic patients who have undergone non-hepatic surgery. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving 34 patients. Age, ASA class, urgency of surgery, etiology of liver cirrhosis, preoperative Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, ALBI grade, APRI score, and ALBI-APRI score were documented. The outcomes analyzed were postoperative hepatic decompensation (POHD) and in-hospital mortality. Bivariate analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher’s exact test was performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to compare the ability of the liver scoring systems to predict the occurrence of study outcomes. Binary logistic regression was performed to measure the odds ratio. Results: The ALBI grade and ALBI-APRI score were significantly associated with both POHD and in-hospital mortality. Both scores were non-inferior to the CTP and MELD scores in predicting study outcomes. Compared to CTP and MELD scores, the ALBI grade was more sensitive but less specific in predicting POHD and as sensitive but more specific in predicting in-hospital mortality. The ALBI-APRI score was less sensitive but more specific than the ALBI grade in predicting both POHD and in-hospital mortality. Conclusions The ALBI grade and ALBI-APRI score were both associated with postoperative hepatic decompensation and in-hospital mortality and were noninferior to the CTP score and MELD score in predicting short-term in-hospital outcomes among cirrhotic patients after non-hepatic surgery.
liver cirrhosis ; in-hospital mortality ; hospital mortality

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

A growing body of evidence supports that inflammatory mechanisms are involved in secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) which has implications on the morbidity and mortality of stroke patients. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a comprehensive index marker of inflammation and immune status of a patient. The prognostic value of NLR in predicting in-hospital mortality and functional outcome of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage will be assessed in this study.

We retrospectively selected 151 hemorrhagic stroke patients, and demographic and clinical characteristics were collected and computed for NLR. Receiver operating characteristic analysis using Youden’s index was utilized to determine the NLR cut-off value with the best sensitivity and specificity. The association of NLR with the inhospital mortality and functional outcome was assessed using Logistic regression analysis. Pearson Product Model Correlation was employed to evaluate the correlation of NLR with ICH volume.

Admission NLR >7 showed a significant association (p = <0.001 OR 7.99) with in-hospital mortality with a sensitivity of 70.83% and specificity of 72.82%. Furthermore, computed NLR of more than 6.4 showed significant association (p = 0.040 OR 2.92) with poor functional outcome. However, our study revealed that admission NLR showed a low level of correlation (r=0.2968, p=0.002) with the volume of ICH.

This study demonstrated that ICH patients with an elevated NLR is associated with increased inhospital mortality and poor functional outcome and that NLR can be used to predict clinical outcome among patients with spontaneous ICH.

INTRODUCTION

For detecting myocardial injury in severe and critical COVID-19, the electrocardiogram (ECG) is neither sensitive nor specific, but in a resource-poor environment, it remains relevant. Changes in the ECG can be a potential marker of severe and critical COVID 19 to be used for predicting not only disease severity but also the prognosis for recovery.

The admitting and interval ECGs of 1333 COVID-19 patients were reviewed in a 2-year, single-center, retrospective cohort study. Each was evaluated for 29 predefined ECG patterns under the categories of rhythm; rate; McGinn-White and right ventricular, axis, and QRS abnormalities; ischemia/infarct patterns; and atrioventricular blocks before univariate and multivariate regression analyses for correlation with disease severity, need for advanced ventilatory support, and in-hospital mortality.

Of the 29 ECG patterns, 18 showed a significant association with the dependent variables on univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that atrial fibrillation, heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute, low QRS voltage, QTc of 500 milliseconds or greater, diffuse nonspecific T-wave changes, and “any acute anterior myocardial infarction” ECG patterns correlate with disease severity, need for advanced ventilatory support, and in-hospital mortality. S1Q3 and S1Q3T3 increased the odds of critical disease and need for high oxygen requirement by 2.5- to 3-fold. Fractionated QRS increased the odds of advanced ventilatory support.

The ECG can be useful for predicting the severity and outcome of more than moderate COVID-19. Their use can facilitate rapid triage, predict disease trajectory, and prompt a decision to intensify therapy early in the disease to make a positive impact on clinical outcomes.

No abstract available.
*Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Wounds and Injuries/*mortality

PURPOSE: We performed this study to determine how the emergency trauma team affects the treatment of patients with multiple severe trauma and to discuss the effect and the direction of the emergency trauma team's management. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 518 patients who visited our emergency department with severe trauma from August 2006 to July 2008. We divided the severe trauma patients into 2 groups : patients before and after trauma team management (Group 1 and Group 2). Then, we compared demographic characteristics, mechanisms of injury, and treatment outcomes (lengths of stay in the ED, admission ratio, and in-hospital mortality) between the 2 groups. In the same way, patients with multiple severe trauma were divided into 2 groups, that are patients before and after trauma team management (Group 3 and Group 4) and analyzed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference, except mean age, between groups 1 and 2. In group 4 patients, compared to group 3 patients, the lengths of stay in the ED were lower (p value < 0.001), and the admission ratio were higher (p value = 0.017), but there was no significant difference in the in-hospital mortality between the groups 3 and 4. CONCLUSION: When patients with multiple severe trauma visit the ED, the emergency trauma team's management can decrease the lengths of stay in the ED and increase the admission ratio, but does not produce a decrease in the in-hospital mortality rate. Further investigations of emergency trauma team management are needed to improve treatment outcomes for patients with multiple severe trauma.
Emergencies ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

Background: The quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score was introduced by Sepsis-3 or the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock to help physicians in identifying patients outside the intensive care unit with suspected infection who are at high risk for in-hospital mortality. However, sepsis is not a homogenous entity and the outcomes vary based on several factors. This study aimed to determine the predictive accuracy of qSOFA in identifying those at high-risk of in-hospital mortality among adult patients with sepsis secondary to urinary tract infection. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was done involving the use of qSOFA score to predict in-hospital mortality of adult patients with a diagnosis of sepsis secondary to urinary tract infection, admitted in the hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2020. qSOFA is computed based on the following independent variables: systolic blood pressure (SBP), respiratory rate (RR), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Results: Of the 128 charts retrieved, 121 patients were included in the study. Fifteen (12.40%) died while 106 (87.60%) survived. Mean age was 60.76 years old, with more females (71.90%) than males (28.10%). Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 were the most frequent comorbidities. Complicated UTI was the most frequent source of infection. Mean length of stay was 8.29 days. Forty (33.06%) patients had qSOFA ≥ 2 wherein 11 (27.5%) died. Diagnostic performance results revealed: sensitivity (73.33%), specificity (72.64%), positive (27.5%) and negative (95.06%) predictive values, and positive (2.68) and negative (0.37) likelihood ratios. qSOFA accuracy was 72.73% with an AUROC of 0.76. Conclusion Among the admitted adult patients with sepsis secondary to a UTI, qSOFA had a good prognostic accuracy for in-hospital mortality.
Sepsis ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Hospital Mortality

To assess the prognostic value of the 14 ECG variables obtained from the pre-discharge ECG, 35 patients were followed up for at least one year among the 80 patients of the acute myocardial infarction admitted at Seoul Paik Hospital from Sep. 1983 to Aug. 1986. The following results were obtained. 1) The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 20% and the mortality rate tended to decline year by year. 2) The one-year mortality and morbidity rate of the followed patients was 31.4%. 3) Among the 14 variables obtained from the pre-discharge ECG, T-negativity was the only statistically significant (p<0.05) one to predict the one-year prognosis in the patients after the first myocardial infarction, and we could not derive any meaningful datd from the analysis of the combined effects of the three ECG variables (PTF, ST depression and ST elevation).
Depression ; Electrocardiography* ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Prognosis ; Seoul

This study was to evaluate hospital characteristics as composition of manpower and facilities to the death rate of patient; and to earmark the factors affecting the overall hospital mortality rates. The data utilized were derived from survey material conducted by the Korean Hospital Association on 32 tertiary referral hospitals in Korea between 1986 and 1994. The findings are: 1. Those hospitals having the most capacity per bed had little difference to the mortality rates than the others. 2. Those hospitals having the most daily patients per specialist had significantly higher mortality rates than the others, but the number of daily patients per nurse had little effect on the mortality rates. 3. Those hospitals which had a relatively sufficient number of quality assurance activities revealed a lower mortality, and particularly in case where such effort was directed to the clinicians, the outcome was remarkable. we concluded that the major factor affecting the hospital mortality rates seems to be the number of specialists per number of beds, the degree of quality assurance assessment of the clinicians, the quality assurance activities of each hospital as a whole, and the number of daily patient per specialist. According to the findings of this study, the composition and quality of specialist and adequate quality assurance activities seemed to be the essential for the improvement of hospital care. Therefore, in this regard the proper implementation of policy and support is highly recommended. Due to lack of available research material, the personal characteristics of specialists haven't been considered in this study However, this longitudinal observation of 32 tertiary referral hospitals over a nine year period has significant merit alone.
Hospital Mortality* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mortality ; Specialization ; Tertiary Care Centers*

PURPOSE: Despite the increased number of patients visiting emergency rooms on weekends, the level of staffing is often lower than it is on weekdays. It is uncertain whether in-hospital mortality rates among patients depend on when they visited the hospital on a weekend or on a weekday. METHODS: We analyzed 21,645 patients who visited our emergency department in 2003. We compared death within 48 hours after a visit to the emergency room between patients who visited on weekends and those with visited on weekdays. The odds of death within 48 hours for patients who visited on a weekend were analyzed by using a multivariate logistic regression. The severity of illness was adjusted by using triage and the Charlson comorbidity score. RESULTS: Compared with patients who visited on weekdays, the number of patients who visited on weekends was increased in 30%. The mortality rates were not statistically different for patients who visited on weekends and patients who visited on weekdays (3.1% vs 2.8%, p=0.399). However, two diagnoses (pneumonia and spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage) were associated significantly with a weekend effect. CONCLUSION: Visiting the emergency department on weekends was not associated with a higher mortality than visiting the emergency department on weekdays.
Comorbidity ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mortality ; Prognosis* ; Triage

PURPOSE: The liver hanging maneuver (LHM) is a useful technique enabling a safe anterior approach, which is one of the most important innovations in the field of major hepatic resections. This study was conducted to review tumors' profiles after applying this procedure and to evaluate the usefulness of LHM and Glissonean pedicle transaction method (GPTM). METHODS: Medical records of 64 patients who underwent hepatic resection using LHM and GPTM at the Asan Medical Center were reviewed. The classic LHM was conducted according to the Belghiti method. RESULTS: Among 64 patients, 46 patients had hepatocellular carcinoma; 7, intrahpatic cholangiocarcinoma; 4, hilar cholangiocarcinoma; 4, metastatic liver cancer; 3, benign liver tumor. Mean tumor size was 10.6 cm (3~22). Mean liver parenchymal transection time was 20 min (15~30). Right side hepatectomy was performed in 44 patients; left side hepatectomy with or without caudate lobe was performed in 19 patients. Twenty patients (31.3%) required blood transfusion during surgery. There was no in-hospital mortality or major complications. Minor complications developed in 6 patients (9.37%). CONCLUSION: GPTM and LHM are a safe and useful surgical application of various anatomical resections for huge liver tumor and an effective procedure during left hepatectomy with or without caudate lobe.
Blood Transfusion ; Hepatectomy ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Liver ; Medical Records