Objective To investigate the effect of non-hazard treatment of feces on control of intestinal infectious diseases and parasitosis. Methods During Nov, 2003-May, 2004, we selected 6 counties as observational points by the character of geographical position and the types of non-hazard treatment in Hunan province. The number of fecal coliform and the sedimentation rate of parasite ova were measured, the methods of questionnaire and retrospective study were used and the prevalance rate of intestinal infectious diseases, the incident rate of infectious diarrhea and infectious rate of parasite were analyzed. Results Among three types of non-hazard treatment, the eligibility rates of fecal coliform were 95.0%, 93.5%and 91.7% respectively,and the sedimentation rates of parasite ova were 90.0%, 90.3% and 87.5% respectively. Compared with the villages where the latrines had not been improved, the infectious rates of parasite decreased by 67.0%,the prevalance rate of intestinal infectious diseases decreased by 58.3%, and the incidence rates of infectious diarrhea decreased by 56.3% in villages where the latrines had been improved. Conclusion Non-hazard treatment of feces will play an important role in preventing of intestinal infectious diseases, infectious diarrhea and parasitosis.

Objectives To know the affecting degree of snail status by the flood in schistosomiasis epdemic areas.Methods The eight embankments suffered from disasterous floods and collapsed were selected in Dongting Lake; the changes of snail states and snail-killed etc.Before and after disasterous floods were surveyed by retrospectively. Results In the eight embankments, the snail areas inside embankment increased at different degree except two embankments where snail was not found after disaster, it was 10.8 times of that before disaster; Furthermore, after disaster the snail was found in the embankment enclosing village areas inside where it was not found before disaster; in most of embankments collapsed, the mean density of living snail inside embankment and mean density of infected snail and positive rates of snail outside embankment descended at different degree after disaster. Conclusions Inside embankment, the disastrous floods could lead to snails speading in most of embankments collapsed. Otherwise, outside embankment the flood led to reduce the mean density of infected snail and positive rates of snail in most of embankments collapsed, and the degree of snails spreading was affected by the factors such as the snail states at the collapsed place, mean density of living snail,immersed area by water, mud and sand ect.

Lipoxygenase(LO) pathway had been implicated in the pathogenesis of such cardiovascular diseases as hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis, and palys and important role in the development of these disease. LO inhibitiors could suppress vascular contractile responses significantly, reduce blood pressure, inhibit migration of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC), attenuate neointimal thickening in the injuried arteries and generation reactive oxygen species(ROS), block monocyte binding to VSMC, etc. The effects of LO inhibitors were associated with marked inhibition of MAPK pathway. Therefore, inhibition of LO pathway may provide a new strategy for preventing and treating above diseases, suggesting that LO mat be a novel taget for such purposes.

Alzheimers disease is a progressive neurodegeneration disorder that is characterised by the accumulation of ? amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles. It has been long assumed that the disrupted interneuronal communication that occurs in AD brain does not involve widespread changes in postsynaptic receptor function. However, recent evidence suggests that both the neurotransmitter receptor/G protein modulated adenyl cyclase and the phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis signal transduction cascades are disrupted in AD. Such disruption in AD may provide a reason for the relative lack of success of neurotransmitter replacement therapies for the disorder. Moreover it can direct drug research and development for AD treatment.

Nerve growth factor (NGF), one of the most potent growth factors for cholinergic neurons, has generated great interest as a potential target for the treatment of Alzheimers disease (AD). The degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, which provides the major source of cholinergic innervation to the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, occurs early and contributes significantly to cognitive decline in AD. Those regions show high level expression of NGF and NGF receptors and depend on NGF for their survival and proper function. NGF executes its effects mainly by binding high affinity receptor TrkA in the remaining neurons of AD. Meanwhile, stimulation of neurons may protect those cells from the deleterious effects of AD, a phenomenon called “use it or lose it.”However, the use of NGF as therapeutic agent is limited by their hindered mobility through the blood brain barrier. Many theoretical and technical issues for NGF delivery to the target region in the brain remain to be solved, before NGF can live up to its potential for the treatment of AD.

Objective To observe the effects of reinforced trunk and pelvis control training on the motor function of stroke patients. Methods Sixty-two stroke patients were randomly divided into a therapy group and a control group with 31 cases in each group. All were treated with routine medication and regular rehabilitation training.The patients in the therapy group also received trunk and pelvis control training. The Fugl-Meyer assessment scale (FMA) , Barthel index (BI) and functional ambulation categories (FAGs) were used to assess the motor function of the patients before and after treatment. Results After 2 months of treatment there were significant improvements in FMA, BI, FAC and gait in both groups, but the average walking ability in the therapy group was significantly better than that in the control group. Conclusions Reinforced control training of the trunk and pelvis combined with routine rehabilitation improves motor function in hemiplegic stroke patients significantly better than standard rehabilitation alone.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of panaxynol on primary cultured cortical neuron against oxidative stress. Methods Viability of panaxynol acted on neuron oxidative stress was monitored by MTT assay and FCM method. Scavenging effects of panaxynol on free radicals were observed in vitro. Effects of panaxynol on SOD activity and GSH-Px, and MDA content in primary neuron injured by H_2O_2 were also determined. Results Panaxynol (2—16 ?mol/L) could dose-dependently protect neuron from oxidative stress induced by H_2O_2; 8 ?mol/L of panaxynol could decrease necrosis and apoptosis rate of neuron significantly (P

Objective To investigate the infection of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in host animals and inapparent infection of HFRS in general population in Dongting Lake areas after floods. Methods The night trapping method was used to capture rodents. The immunofluorescence assays were used to detect the hantavirus (HV) antigens and antibodies in rodents lung and in the serum of general population. Nonconditional logistic regression was applied to analyze risk factors for inapparent infection with HV. Results In flood region,draw-near flood region and new migration region,rodent density was 6.95%,6.28%, and 8.67%, respectively, and the virus-carrying rate in rodents was 15.07%,9.25%, and 4.47%, respectively. The virus-carrying rat index was the highest in flood region (0.10). Apodemus agrarius was the dominant species. The standardized positive rate of HV antibody in general population from above mentioned regions was 4.49%, 3.11%, and 3.13%, respectively. There was no significant difference among different age or gender groups. The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that people who were involved in construction of water conservancy facilities in winter or practice of rat extermination at home were the principal factors related to inapparent infection with HV. Conclusion The virus-carrying rate in main host animals of HV in the 3 regions is high, whereas the positive rate of HV antibody is low in general population. Comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent and control HFRS, such as reinforcing surveillance of HFRS, strengthening deratization, and preventive inoculation.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of some Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents on bone resorption and morphometric features of osteoclasts as well as their relationships. TCM ShengGuZaiZaoSan and XianLingGuBao, were used to treat the experimental fracture. Thirty 6-month-old Chinchilla rabbits were used for the establishment of animal models each with a 3 mm bone defect in the middle of left radius as well as of right radius. These models were divided randomly into 3 groups : ShengGuZaiZaoSan Group (Group A), XianLingGuBao groups (Group B) and control-group (Group C). Every group was further divided into 2 subgroups: a former sacrificed group (14 days after operation) and a latter sacrificed group (31 days after operation). After the rabbits being killed, the samples of their undecalcified calli were subjected to the morphometry study of bone resorption and osteoclasts. Group A had more bone resorption, compared with Group B and C. Both Groups A and B exhibited some changed morphometric features of osteoclasts as compared with Group C (P < 0.05). Simple correlation analysis indicated that bone resorption is mainly correlated with osteoclast numbers, and that in individual group, bone resorption is correlated with osteoclast form factor, area and mean photodensity (P < 0.05). These allow us to conclude that ShengGuZaiZaoSan can increase bone resorption and accelerate bone remodeling by increasing osteoclast numbers at the former stage and can enhance osteoclast function at the latter stage. These changes are beneficial to fracture healing.
Animals ; Bone Remodeling ; drug effects ; Bone Resorption ; physiopathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; drug effects ; physiology ; Male ; Osteoclasts ; drug effects ; pathology ; Phytotherapy ; Rabbits ; Radius Fractures ; drug therapy ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Random Allocation